User:Native Qazh/Sandbox5: Difference between revisions

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Line 143: Line 143:
| A a
| A a
| A a
| A a
|  
| a
| /{{IPAlink|a}}/
| /{{IPAlink|a}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
Line 149: Line 149:
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|Б б}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|Б б}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|B b}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|B b}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | бӹ, bă
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|b}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|b}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| Only in foregin words.
|-
|-
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|В в}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|В в}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|V v}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|V v}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | вӹ, vă
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|w}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|v}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|w}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|v}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| Only in foregin words.
|-
|-
| Г г
| Г г
| G g
| G g
|  
| гӹ, gă
| /{{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}/
| /{{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 167: Line 167:
| Гў гў
| Гў гў
| Gw gw
| Gw gw
|  
| Гўӹ, гwă
| /{{IPA link|ʁʷ}}~{{IPA link|ɣʷ}}/
| /{{IPA link|ʁʷ}}~{{IPA link|ɣʷ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 173: Line 173:
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Д д}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Д д}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|D d}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|D d}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | дӹ, dă
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|d}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|t}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|d}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|t}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| Only in foregin words.
|-
|-
| Е е
| Е е
| E e
| E e
|  
| e
| /{{IPA link|ɛ}}/
| /{{IPA link|ɛ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 185: Line 185:
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ж ж}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ж ж}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Zh zh}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Zh zh}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | жӹ, zhă
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| Only in foregin words.
|-
|-
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|З з}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|З з}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Z z}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Z z}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | зӹ, ză
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| Only in foregin words.
|-
|-
| И и
| И и
| I i
| I i
|  
| и, i
| /{{IPA link|i}}/
| /{{IPA link|i}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 209: Line 209:
| К к
| К к
| K k
| K k
|  
| кӹ, kă
| /{{IPA link|k}}/
| /{{IPA link|k}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 215: Line 215:
| Кў кў
| Кў кў
| Kw kw
| Kw kw
|  
| кўӹ, kwă
| /{{IPA link|kʷ}}/
| /{{IPA link|kʷ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 221: Line 221:
| К' к'
| К' к'
| K' k'
| K' k'
|  
| к'ӹ, k'ă
| /{{IPA link|kʼ}}/
| /{{IPA link|kʼ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 227: Line 227:
| Кў' кў'
| Кў' кў'
| Kw' kw'
| Kw' kw'
|  
| кў'ӹ, kw'ă
| /{{IPA link|kʼʷ}}/
| /{{IPA link|kʼʷ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 233: Line 233:
| Л л
| Л л
| L l
| L l
|  
| лӹ, lă
| /{{IPA link|l}}/
| /{{IPA link|l}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 239: Line 239:
| Лъ лъ
| Лъ лъ
| Lh lh
| Lh lh
|  
| лъӹ, lhă
| /{{IPA link|ɬ}}/
| /{{IPA link|ɬ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 245: Line 245:
| М м
| М м
| M m
| M m
|  
| мӹ, mă
| /{{IPA link|m}}/
| /{{IPA link|m}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 251: Line 251:
| Н н
| Н н
| N n
| N n
|  
| нӹ, nă
| /{{IPA link|n}}/
| /{{IPA link|n}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 257: Line 257:
| О о
| О о
| O o
| O o
|  
| о
| /{{IPA link|o}}/
| /{{IPA link|o}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 263: Line 263:
| П п
| П п
| P p
| P p
|  
| пӹ, pă
| /{{IPA link|p}}/
| /{{IPA link|p}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 269: Line 269:
| П' п'
| П' п'
| P' p'
| P' p'
|  
| п'ӹ, p'ă
| /{{IPA link|pʼ}}/
| /{{IPA link|pʼ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 275: Line 275:
| Р р
| Р р
| R r
| R r
|  
| рӹ, ră
| /{{IPA link|ɾ}}~{{IPA link|r}}/
| /{{IPA link|ɾ}}~{{IPA link|r}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 281: Line 281:
| С с
| С с
| S s
| S s
|  
| сӹ, să
| /{{IPA link|s̻}}/
| /{{IPA link|s̻}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 287: Line 287:
| Т т
| Т т
| T t
| T t
|  
| тӹ, tă
| /{{IPA link|t}}/
| /{{IPA link|t}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 293: Line 293:
| Т' т'
| Т' т'
| T' t'
| T' t'
|  
| т'ӹ, t'ă
| /{{IPA link|tʼ}}/
| /{{IPA link|tʼ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 299: Line 299:
| Тлъ тлъ
| Тлъ тлъ
| Tlh tlh
| Tlh tlh
|  
| тлъӹ, tlhă
| /{{IPA link|t͡ɬ}}/
| /{{IPA link|t͡ɬ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 305: Line 305:
| Тлъ' тлъ'
| Тлъ' тлъ'
| Tlh' tlh'
| Tlh' tlh'
|  
| тлъ'ӹ, tlh'ă
| /{{IPA link|t͡ɬʼ}}/
| /{{IPA link|t͡ɬʼ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 311: Line 311:
| У у
| У у
| U u
| U u
|  
| у, u
| /{{IPA link|u}}/
| /{{IPA link|u}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 323: Line 323:
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ф ф}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ф ф}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|F f}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|F f}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | фӹ, fă
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|f}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|f}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| Only in foregin words.
|-
|-
| Х х
| Х х
| X x
| X x
|  
| хӹ, xă
| /{{IPA link|x}}/
| /{{IPA link|x}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 335: Line 335:
| Хў хў
| Хў хў
| Xw xw
| Xw xw
|  
| хўӹ, xwă
| /{{IPA link|xʷ}}/
| /{{IPA link|xʷ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 341: Line 341:
| Хъ хъ
| Хъ хъ
| Xh xh
| Xh xh
|  
| хъӹ, xhă
| /{{IPA link|χ}}/
| /{{IPA link|χ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 347: Line 347:
| Хъў хъў
| Хъў хъў
| Xhw xhw
| Xhw xhw
|  
| хъўӹ, xhwă
| /{{IPA link|χʷ}}/
| /{{IPA link|χʷ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 353: Line 353:
| Ц ц
| Ц ц
| C c
| C c
|  
| цӹ, că
| /{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}/
| /{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 359: Line 359:
| Ц' ц'
| Ц' ц'
| C' c'
| C' c'
|  
| ц'ӹ, c'ă
| /{{IPA link|t͡s̻ʼ}}/
| /{{IPA link|t͡s̻ʼ}}/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 365: Line 365:
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ч ч}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ч ч}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ch ch}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ch ch}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | чӹ, chă
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| Only in foregin words.
|-
|-
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ш ш}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ш ш}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Sh sh}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Sh sh}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |  
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | шӹ, shă
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| Only in foregin words.
|-
|-
| Ъ ъ
| Ъ ъ
Line 401: Line 401:
| Ю ю
| Ю ю
| Yu yu
| Yu yu
|  
| ю, yu
| /ju/
| /ju/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 407: Line 407:
| Я я
| Я я
| Ya ya
| Ya ya
|  
| я, ya
| /ja/
| /ja/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |

Revision as of 12:35, 19 November 2021

Kamak
Native to Qazhshava
RegionKamak Islands
EthnicityKamaks
Latin
Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-3

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular
plain sibilant lateral plain labial plain labial
Plosive/
Affricate
plain p ⟨p⟩ t ⟨t⟩ t͡s̻ ⟨c⟩ t͡ɬ ⟨tlh⟩ k ⟨k⟩ ⟨kw⟩
ejective ⟨pʼ⟩ ⟨tʼ⟩ t͡s̻ʼ ⟨cʼ⟩ t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩ ⟨kʼ⟩ kʼʷ ⟨kwʼ⟩
Fricative plain ⟨s⟩ ɬ ⟨l⟩ x ⟨x⟩ ⟨xw⟩ χ ⟨xh⟩ χʷ ⟨xhw⟩
voiced ʁ~ɣ ⟨g⟩ ʁʷ~ɣʷ ⟨gw⟩
Sonorant m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ l ⟨l⟩ j ⟨y⟩ w ⟨w⟩
Trill/Tap ɾ~r ⟨r⟩
  • Plain plosives/affricates vary between voiced, semi-voiced, voiceless and aspirated (allophonic and depending on the speaker)

Vowels

Front Central back
Close i ⟨i⟩ ɨ̞ ⟨ĕ⟩ u ⟨u⟩
Mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ ɤ ⟨ă⟩ o ⟨o⟩
Open a ⟨a⟩

Writing System

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
class="wikitable sortable"
class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

Cyrillic Latin Name IPA Notes
A a A a a /a/
Б б B b бӹ, bă /b~p/ Only in foregin words.
В в V v вӹ, vă /w~v/ Only in foregin words.
Г г G g гӹ, gă /ɣ~ʁ/
Гў гў Gw gw Гўӹ, гwă /ʁʷ~ɣʷ/
Д д D d дӹ, dă /d~t/ Only in foregin words.
Е е E e e /ɛ/
Ж ж Zh zh жӹ, zhă /~/ Only in foregin words.
З з Z z зӹ, ză /~/ Only in foregin words.
И и I i и, i /i/
Й й Y y /j/
К к K k кӹ, kă /k/
Кў кў Kw kw кўӹ, kwă //
К' к' K' k' к'ӹ, k'ă //
Кў' кў' Kw' kw' кў'ӹ, kw'ă /kʼʷ/
Л л L l лӹ, lă /l/
Лъ лъ Lh lh лъӹ, lhă /ɬ/
М м M m мӹ, mă /m/
Н н N n нӹ, nă /n/
О о O o о /o/
П п P p пӹ, pă /p/
П' п' P' p' п'ӹ, p'ă //
Р р R r рӹ, ră /ɾ~r/
С с S s сӹ, să //
Т т T t тӹ, tă /t/
Т' т' T' t' т'ӹ, t'ă //
Тлъ тлъ Tlh tlh тлъӹ, tlhă /t͡ɬ/
Тлъ' тлъ' Tlh' tlh' тлъ'ӹ, tlh'ă /t͡ɬʼ/
У у U u у, u /u/
Ў ў W w /w/
Ф ф F f фӹ, fă /p~f/ Only in foregin words.
Х х X x хӹ, xă /x/
Хў хў Xw xw хўӹ, xwă //
Хъ хъ Xh xh хъӹ, xhă /χ/
Хъў хъў Xhw xhw хъўӹ, xhwă /χʷ/
Ц ц C c цӹ, că /t͡s̻/
Ц' ц' C' c' ц'ӹ, c'ă /t͡s̻ʼ/
Ч ч Ch ch чӹ, chă /t͡s̻/ Only in foregin words.
Ш ш Sh sh шӹ, shă // Only in foregin words.
Ъ ъ H h*
Ы ы Ĕ ĕ /ɨ̞/
Ӹ ӹ Ă ă /ɤ/
Ь ь Y y /◌j/
Ю ю Yu yu ю, yu /ju/
Я я Ya ya я, ya /ja/

Grammar

Syntax

SVO (SOV when O is a pronoun)
noun like adjectives
possessee - possessor
adjective - noun
prepossitions

Pronouns

Nom Dat Gen Acc Ins Loc
Singular First
Second
Third Proximal
Distal
Plural First
Second
Third Proximal
Distal

Nouns

Number

Case

Case Word Example Question
Nominative
Dative
Genetive
Accusitive
Instrumental
Locative

Adjectives and Adverbs

Verbs

"to be"

Tense, Aspect, Mood

Person

Direction

Questions

Derivation

Affix Used to create: Example(s)
- agents from verbs/nouns
- collective nouns
- adjectives/adverbs from nouns/verbs
- adjectives indicating the lack of something
- nouns from adjectives
- diminutives of nouns
- augmentatives of nouns
- locations (places related to the stem)
- inhabitants (of places)
- decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives)
- decendents (child of)
- languages/dialects

Language Sample