Karaalani language: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Number and Person | ||
! rowspan="2" | Nominative | ! rowspan="2" | Nominative | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3" | Dative / Locative | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" | Genitive | ||
! colspan="2" | Accusitive | ! colspan="2" | Accusitive | ||
! rowspan="2" | Instrumental-<br>Commitative | ! rowspan="2" | Instrumental-<br>Commitative | ||
! rowspan="2" | Abessive | ! rowspan="2" | Abessive | ||
|- | |- | ||
!stressed | |||
!clitic dative | |||
!clitic locative | |||
!stressed | !stressed | ||
!clitic | !clitic | ||
!stressed | !stressed | ||
!clitic | !clitic | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="4" |Singular | ||
! First | ! colspan="2" | First | ||
| | | Аз | ||
| | | Мену | ||
| -' | |||
| -' | |||
| Моя | |||
| -' | |||
| Мен(е) | |||
| -' | |||
| Менем | |||
| Менез | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Second | |||
! informal | |||
| Ти | |||
| Тебу | |||
| -' | | -' | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| Твоя | |||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Теб(е) | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Тебем | ||
| | | Тебез | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! formal | ||
| | | Вие | ||
| | | Васу | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| Ваша | |||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Вас | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Васам | ||
| | | Васаз | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Third | ! colspan="2" | Third | ||
| | | Тон | ||
| | | Негу | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| Нежа | |||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Него | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Негом | ||
| | | Негоз | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" | Plural | ! rowspan="3" | Plural | ||
! First | ! colspan="2" | First | ||
| | | Ние | ||
| | | Насу | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| Наша | |||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Нас | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Насам | ||
| | | Насаз | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Second | ! colspan="2" | Second | ||
| | | Вие | ||
| | | Васу | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| Ваша | |||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Вас | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Васам | ||
| | | Васаз | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Third | ! colspan="2" | Third | ||
| | | Тѣх | ||
| | | Тѣху | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| Тѣхен | |||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Тѣх | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Тѣхем | ||
| | | Тѣхез | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3" | Self | ||
| | | Себеси | ||
| | | Себу | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| Свой | |||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Себеси | ||
| -' | | -' | ||
| | | Себем | ||
| | | Себез | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 12:53, 28 December 2021
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Karaalani | |
---|---|
Karaalan, Karaalanish | |
Pronunciation | // |
Native to |
|
Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Karaalani Slavs |
Native speakers | L1: 17,980,000 L2: 1,200,000- FL: 25,000 |
Thuado-Thrismaran languages
| |
Early form | |
Standard forms | Eastern Karaalani
|
Dialects |
|
Govoric Script Protopolyash script | |
Official status | |
Official language in |
|
Recognised minority language in |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | KR |
ISO 639-2 | KRA |
ISO 639-3 | KRA |
Distribution of the language Absolute majority >30% of native speakers | |
The Karaalani language is a [placeholder]-Slavic Pidgin language, which arose from [placeholder] merchants and traveler going into whats modern day Monte Blanco, Mustelaria, and settling in the area. The language is co-official in the Karaalani region of Monte Blanco, Mustelaria, and the 4th most spoken langauge in Mustelaria.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡s | t͡ʃ | k |
voiced | b | d | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | |
voiced | z | ʒ | ɣ | |||
Nasal | m | n | ||||
Approximant | ʋ | l~ɫ | j | |||
Rhotic | ɾ |
Vowels
Front | Central | back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | ɛ | ɤ | o |
Open | a |
Vowels | Harmony | ||
---|---|---|---|
type 1 | type 2 | ||
Front | i, ɛ | ɛ | i |
Back | a, ɤ | ɤ | a |
Round | o, u | u |
A - vowel harmony type 2 is used in some affixes like the clitic genitive pronouns and others.
Writing System
Karaalani officially uses the Govoric script but it also has adapdet co-official Protopolyash and Latin forms.
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ж ж | З з |
И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | О о | П п |
Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч |
Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ь ь | Ю ю | Я я |
Order | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyrillic upper case | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ь | Ю | Я | Дж | Дз | |
Cyrillic lower case | а | б | в | г | д | е | ж | з | и | й | к | л | м | н | о | п | р | с | т | у | ф | х | ц | ч | ш | щ | ъ | ь | ю | я | дж | дз | |
Protopolyash upper case | Ⲁ | Ⲃⲃ | Ⲃ | Ⲅ | Ⲇ | Ⲉ | Ⲋ | Ⲍ | Ⲏ | Ⲓ | Ⲕ | Ⲗ | Ⲙ | Ⲛ | Ⲟ | Ⲡ | Ⲣ | Ⲥ | Ⲧ | Ⲩ | Ⲫ | Ⲭ | Ⲯ | Ϫ | Ϣ | Ϣⲧ | Ϩ | Ⲓ | Ⲓⲩ | Ⲓⲁ | Ⲇⲋ | Ⲇⲍ | |
Protopolyash lower case | ⲁ | ⲃⲃ | ⲃ | ⲅ | ⲇ | ⲉ | ⲋ | ⲍ | ⲏ | ⲓ | ⲕ | ⲗ | ⲙ | ⲛ | ⲟ | ⲡ | ⲣ | ⲥ | ⲧ | ⲩ | ⲫ | ⲭ | ⲯ | ϫ | ϣ | ϣⲧ | ϩ | ⲓ | ⲓⲩ | ⲓⲁ | ⲇⲋ | ⲇⲍ | |
Latin upper case | A | B | V | G | D | E | Ž | Z | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | F | H | C | Č | Š | Št | Y | J | JU | JA | Dž | Dz | |
Latin lower case | a | b | v | g | d | e | ž | z | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | t | u | f | h | c | č | š | št | y | j | ju | ja | dž | dz | |
IPA sound | a | b | ʋ | ɣ | d | ɛ | ʒ | z | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | ɾ | s | t | u | f | h | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ʃ | ʃt | ɤ | ◌ʲ | ju | ja | d͡ʒ | d͡z |
Grammar
Pronouns
Number and Person | Nominative | Dative / Locative | Genitive | Accusitive | Instrumental- Commitative |
Abessive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | clitic dative | clitic locative | stressed | clitic | stressed | clitic | ||||||
Singular | First | Аз | Мену | -' | -' | Моя | -' | Мен(е) | -' | Менем | Менез | |
Second | informal | Ти | Тебу | -' | -' | Твоя | -' | Теб(е) | -' | Тебем | Тебез | |
formal | Вие | Васу | -' | -' | Ваша | -' | Вас | -' | Васам | Васаз | ||
Third | Тон | Негу | -' | -' | Нежа | -' | Него | -' | Негом | Негоз | ||
Plural | First | Ние | Насу | -' | -' | Наша | -' | Нас | -' | Насам | Насаз | |
Second | Вие | Васу | -' | -' | Ваша | -' | Вас | -' | Васам | Васаз | ||
Third | Тѣх | Тѣху | -' | -' | Тѣхен | -' | Тѣх | -' | Тѣхем | Тѣхез | ||
Self | Себеси | Себу | -' | -' | Свой | -' | Себеси | -' | Себем | Себез |
A - type1 vowel harmony А2 - type 2 vowel harmony
Nouns
Gender
Modern karaalani has lost it's gender system, and only groups nouns into ones ending in a vowel and ones ending in a consonant.
Case & Number
Adjectives & Adverbs
Verbs
Tense, Aspect, Mood
Copula
Questions
Numerals
Dialects
Karaalanish has 4 recognized dialects, the (standart) Eastern, Western, Southern and Sofgorod dialects.
The Western and Southern dialects differ mainly from the Eastern and Sofgorod dialects by the fact they dont pronounce the /j/ in the letter Ѣ/Ⳉ/Ý, which in the standert Eastern dialect is pronounced as /jæ~jɜ/, and in Sofgorod as /jɛ/. The Southern dialect dosent pronounce the stress in double characters, like in the word 'Karaalanski' ('Karaalanish'), insted of (standart Eastern) /kaɾaˈaɫan.ski/ it becomes /kɑɾɑlan.skɪ/. It also always pronounces Л/Ⲗ/L as an /l/. The Western dialect has nasal vowels when followed after 'n', some epakers in the far west parts pronounce their r's like /ʁ/s, sum ppl consider it a seperate dialect, tho officially its recognized as an 'accent'. The Sofgorod dialect conbines nasalization with the the /n/s and pornounces most i's as /ɨ/s and has a lot of 'unstressing'.
Language examples
Lord's prayer
Following text shows Lord's prayer written in Karaalani
Common language | Karaalani (Iraklic) | Karaalani (Protopolyash) | Karaalani (Latin) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Our Father in heaven, | Оче наш, кѫто си нѥбо, | Ⲟϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲋ, ⲕⲓⲱⲧⲟ ⲥⲏ ⲛⲓⲉⲃⲃⲟ, | Oče naš, kyóto si nyebo, | |
hallowed be your name. | да се свѥти йимем ти, | ⲇⲁ ⲥⲉ ⲥⲃⲓⲉⲧⲏ ⲓⲏⲙⲉⲙ ⲧⲏ, | da se svyeti yimem ti, | |
Your kingdom come. | да дойде царстѡ ти, | ⲇⲁ ⲇⲟⲓⲇⲉ ϯⲁⲣⲥⲧⲃⲟ ⲧⲏ, | da doyde carstó ti, | |
Your will be done, | да буде вѡля ти, | ⲇⲁ ⲃⲃⲩⲇⲉ ⲃⲱⲗⲓⲁ ⲧⲏ, | da bude vólya ti, | |
on earth as it is in heaven. | како нѥбо, тако и земѫ. | ⲕⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲓⲉⲃⲃⲟ, ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲏ ⲍⲉⲙⲓⲱ. | kako nyebo, tako i zemyo. | |
Give us this day our daily bread | Нѥвний ни хлѣб ним дай нес | Ⲛⲓⲉⲃⲏⲓ ⲛⲏ ⲭⲗⳉⲃⲃ ⲛⲏⲙ ⲇⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲥ | Nyewniy ni hlýb nim day nes | |
and forgive us our debts, | и ни прости наши дългове, | ⲏ ⲛⲏ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲏ ⲛⲁⲋⲏ ⲇϩⲗⲅⲟⲃⲉ, | i ni prosti naši dălgove, | |
as we also have forgiven our debtors. | како ние проставаме нашите длъжничеу. | ⲕⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲏⲉ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲃⲁⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲋⲏⲧⲉ ⲇⲗϩϧⲛⲏϫⲉⲩ. | kako nie prostawame našite dlăžničeu | |
And do not bring us into temptation, | И нѥ ним въвеждай ву изкушенѥ, | Ⲏ ⲛⲓⲉ ⲛⲏⲙ ⲃϩⲃⲉϧⲇⲁⲓ ⲃⲩ ⲏⲍⲕⲩⲋⲉⲛⲓⲉ, | I nye nim văvežday vu izkušenye | |
but rescue us from the evil one. | но ним избави от Лъкави. | ⲛⲟ ⲛⲏⲙ ⲏⲍⲃⲃⲁⲃⲏ ⲟⲧ Ⲗϩⲕⲁⲃⲏ. | no nim izbavi ot Lăkavi. |