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| {{WIP}}
| | {{Infobox election |
| {{Infobox civilian attack | | | election_name = 2023 Visega regional election |
| | title = National Program of Reform Through Labor | | | country = Paretia |
| | partof = | | | type = parliamentary |
| | image = Can Tho PW Camp barracks, November 1968.jpg
| | | ongoing = yes |
| | image_size =
| | | party_colour = |
| | image_upright =
| | | previous_election = |
| | alt =
| | | previous_year = |
| | caption = Rồng Xanh Labor Camp
| | | next_election = |
| | map =
| | | next_year = |
| | map_size =
| | | seats_for_election = |
| | map_alt =
| | | election_date = November 2023 |
| | map_caption =
| | | 1blank = |
| | location = [[Nainan]]
| | | 2blank = |
| | target = Political opponents, ethnic minorities, religious minorities, foreigners, women
| | | 3blank = |
| | coordinates =
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| | date = 1959-1990<!-- {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD}}-<br />{{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
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| | time =
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| | timezone =
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| | type = {{wp|Ethnic cleansing}}, {{wp|politicide}}, {{wp|genocide}}, {{wp|forced labor}}, {{wp|forced education}}, {{wp|forced relocation}}, {{wp|religious persecution}}, {{wp|forced prostitution}} | |
| | fatalities = 200,000-1,200,000
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| | injuries =
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| | victims = <!-- or | victim = -->
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| | perpetrators = [[People's Army of Solidary and Longevity]], [[Van Dieu]], [[Ministry of Public Security (Nainan)|Ministry of Public Security]]<!-- or | perpetrator = --> <!-- alias: | perps = or | perp = --> | |
| | assailants = <!-- or | assailant = --> | |
| | susperps = <!-- or | susperp = --> | |
| | weapons = | |
| | numparts = <!-- or | numpart = --> | |
| | dfens = <!-- or | dfen = --> | |
| | motive = Modernisation, internal stability, and re-education | |
| | inquiry = | |
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| | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
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| }}
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| The '''National Program of Reform Through Labor''' (章程改革國家樁戈勞動; Chương trình Cải cách Quốc gia Thông qua Lao động), shortened as the '''Cailao''' (革勞), was a three-decade program of modernization, penal punishment, and re-education in [[Nainan]] started during the [[Nainese Civil War]] and ending in 1990 as a part of political reform. It was made for the purpose of modernizing the country and reforming political dissidents through labor camps and re-education. It would use means of {{wp|forced labor}}, {{wp|genocide}}, {{wp|politicide}}, {{wp|religious persecution}}, {{wp|forced relocation}}, and {{wp|forced prostitution}}. It targeted groups like political groups such as socialists, liberals, monarchists, and reformists. It also targeted minority groups such as the {{wp|Mon people|Nyaram}}, {{wp|Cham people|Danok}}, {{wp|Khmu people|Ryo}}, and {{wp|Thai Isan|Makhao Kasi}}. It targeted religious minorities such as [[Sotirianity|Sotirians]], [[Irfan]], and new religious movements. It would create camps such as labor camps, re-education camps, and pleasure camps. By the end of the program in 1990 the country had economically rose in status in Coius, however estimates of up to one million died due to the program. It is considered a genocide in many states around the world, while in Nainan it is considered to be a successful campaign.
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| ==Background==
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| ===Civil War===
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| [[File:ARVN in action HD-SN-99-02062.JPEG|200px|thumb|left|Nationalist forces during the [[Nainese Civil War]]]] Nainan was ruled for nearly a century by [[Werania]], it was apart of the [[High Commissariat of the Coral Sea]], it would be industrialized somewhat, and much of it's resources were sent out of the country during colonial rule. The [[Kingdom of Nainan]] would gain independence peacefull in 1953, Werania would still have much political and economic influence on the country, with companies and advisors remaining. The [[Nainan People's Solidarity and Longevity]] was founded in 1955 by [[Hoàng Viện Trai]], with the goal of further separating themselves from Weranian influence. Socialist movements apart of the [[Nainese Section of the Workers' International]] were gaining popularity as well as the NPSL, in 1956 the Nainese Civil War broke out, the monarchy was overthrown and the country left between the nationalists of the NPSL and socialists of the NSWI. Both factions had already begun plans to modernize Nainan after their victory, and during the war in both the Harmonious Republic and People's Republic were public housing built.
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| The war was mostly a stalemate until around 1961, but during the stalemate the NPSL began their program to modernize the country and re-education political prisoners. General [[Nguyễn Minh Trí]] was the chief proponant of this plan which would begin to used in POW camps for socialist forces captured by the nationalists.
| | | image1 = [[File:(Begoña Villacís) Martínez-Almeida preside su primera Junta de Gobierno de la ciudad de Madrid 03 (cropped).jpg|x160px|Beatriz Padín Neyra]] |
| | | color1 = ee076d |
| | | leader1 = [[Beatriz Padín Neyra]] |
| | | party1 = [[Democratic Alignment]]<br>([[Everybody's Paretia]]) |
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| ===POW camps=== | | | image2 = [[File:Macarena Olona (51148521527) (cropped).jpg|x160px|Teresa Roque]] |
| [[File:Aankomst Zuid-Vietnamese parlementaire delegatie op Schip Nguyen Ba Can , leider, Bestanddeelnr 921-5057.jpg|230px|thumb|right|Nguyễn Minh Trí, creator of Cailao]] The nationalist forces would begin to use POW as sites for testing future plans for modernization and penal systems. During the war many socialists were captured, especially towards the end of the war. Many were executed during the war. | | | color2 = 693f5a |
| | | leader2 = [[Teresa Roque]] |
| | | party2 = [[Acima]]<br/>([[O Povo]]) |
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| POW camps would become used for forced labor, as part of a promise for prisoners to be used in exchanges, they had to built entire camps themselves to get that opportunity. The camps would also be used for the begin of re-education programs, with the goal of enforcement the ideology of [[Tự Ý Chí]]. Nguyễn Minh Trí would say that "prisoners are war are toughened, they are able to withstand much. To test what we plan for the future of Nainan this war has given us an opportunity."
| | | image3 = [[File:(Carlos Vázquez Padín) Tuy San Telmo 2019.jpg|x160px|Rodolfo Bouza]] |
| | | color3 = d59104 |
| | | leader3 = [[Rodolfo Bouza]] |
| | | party3 = [[Rally Together]] |
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| ==Early campaign== | | | image4 = [[File:Néstor Rego 2016 (cropped).jpg|x160px|Virxilio Sotolongo]] |
| ===Labor camps===
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| [[File:Prisoners tend their garden at Can Tho PW Camp, November 1968.jpg|240px|thumb|left|Thousands are alleged to have been sent to labor camps across Nainan]] Many POW camps would be expanded after the end of the civil war and became penal labor camps for political opponents and those deemed as enemies of the regime. These camps would use the idea of "Reform through labor" (改革樁戈勞動; Cải cách Thông qua Lao động), where the abbrevation "Cailao" is derived from. The official name of these camps are "Place of Custody" (尼𪾋𪧚; Nơi giam giữ).The tasks given to people sent to these camps included farming, sewing, manufacturing, building, and landscaping. These camps became known as for the use of violence towards their prisoners, they were nicknamed "hell prisons" by a defector guard from one of the prisons. During the 60s and 70s it is said that the death rate for those imprisoned in these camps was around 30% to 45%, as conditions were considered poor. | | | leader4 = [[Virxilio Sotolongo]] |
| | | party4 = [[Nationalist Left of Visega]] |
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| The actual number of labor camps in Nainan is unknown, there were estimated possibly around 300 labor camps at the program's height in the 1970s. The largest and most infamous of these prisons was [[Rồng Xanh Labor Camp]], where it is said that over 10,000 were imprisoned. The [[Van Dieu]] play a major part in running these camps. They continue to exist today, on a much smaller scale.
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| ===Re-education camps=== | | | image6 = |
| [[File:Class for youths, Bien Hoa PW Camp, November 1968.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Re-education camps would be used to indoctrinate and get forced confessions]] Alongside the labor camps in Nainan, there were re-education facilities built by the regime meant to indoctrinate, get forced confessions, and teach Nainese culture to minority groups. These were known as Re-education Camps (豸改造; Trại Cải Tạo). Here the Ministry of Education and Van Dieu would force the ideology of Nainan on political dissidents, through means of torture, gaslighting, or daily classes.
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| Around 500 re-education camps are said to have been built at the height of the Cailao program. Political prisoners would be forced to learn the national ideology of Tự Ý Chí, history of Nainan, and punishments for those who do not accent the ideology. Minority groups would be forced to learn the Nainese language, customs, and religious teachings. This included being given new names, new clothes, and being forced to do Nainese religious practices. Conditions in these camps were about as poor as labor camps, and in some cases worse, with deaths being fairly common.
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| | | | map_caption = District map of Visega |
| ===Relocation===
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| [[File:Nainanrelocation.png|200px|thumb|left|Nyaram being forcefully relocated ]] As part of creating "a modernized nation" and "larger Nainese nation" many ethnic minorities would be displaced by the government and moved into cities or different areas than before. These included groups those like the Nyaram, Ryo, Danok, Makhao Kasi, Kasine, Khiang, Siakay, and Choeku. The Khiang, Siakay, and Choeku would be targeted early on, with the goal of populating urban centers for expansion and urbanisation. The larger minority groups like the Nyaram, Ryo, Danok, and Makhao Kasi would be targeted later on, These groups were mainly pushed further inland to make room for new, fully Nainese settlements.
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| Over 4,000,000 are estimated to have been relocated as a part of the Cailao program. Many cities would grow from this relocation, including [[Trinhieu]], [[Giáo Điện]], [[Hang Nhài]], [[Rêu Sơn]], and [[Jowkmat]]. These relocations were perilous and resulted in deaths of those being relocated. It is estimated around 200,000 died during these treks.
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| ==Height of campaign==
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| ===Construction===
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| [[File:NainanConstruction.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Prison labor was used to build infrastructure in Nainan]] The government wanted their new cities to be modernised, and would build entire housing districts and new infrastructure throughout the 1970s. They would begin a "post-war reconstruction" program to rebuild areas destroyed by the Civil War. The government would use the thousands imprisoned as part of the Cailao for construction and labor. They would be used in mines, farms, and logging sites to extract materials for use in building Nainan. Despite this, much of the material used in Nainan to rebuild was provided by Shangea. The government would also use the labor as construction workers on sites for repairing infrastructure and areas damaged by the Civil War.
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| The workers were not given pay and worked in poor conditions during this reconstruction. It is estimated that over 40,000 homes were built using prison labor during the Cailao. The program's use of prisoner labor would give an opportunity for prisoners to have their sentences shortened if they worked hard enough.
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| ===Religious persecution===
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| [[File:TamToa.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Ngọn lửa thánh Church]], a catholic church that was destroyed by the government in 1970]] The government would begin to target religious minorities, notably the faiths of Irfan and Sotirianity, at the height of the Cailao there were reportly over 100,000 Sotirians and Irfanics imprisoned in re-education and labor camps. [[Sotirianity Worldwide]] claims that there were reports of Sotirians being held and tortured by the Van Dieu during the Cailao. Some of the Sotirians that were arrested are alleged to be as young as six year old. Many Irfanic minorities were deported to Shangea and subsequently to Zorasan.
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| During the height of the program it is stated that religious minorities, especially Sotirians, were targeted by the government as being "Euclean spies" and many were executed by the government of Nainan. In 1984 a group of Catholic monks were executed by the Nainese government with claims they were working with Werania and the Catholic Church to subvert the NPSL, they are today recognized by the Solarian Catholic Church as martyrs of the faith. From 1970 to 1989 the Holy Bible was banned by the government of Nainan and owning one was met with being sent to a camp.
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| ===Pleasure camps and forced prostitution===
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| [[File:Nainanwomenprop.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Nainese 1975 propaganda stating "Women, your bodies are powerful! Use them to empower your country!"]]
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| The Cailao also created a program in which female political prisoners were sent to Pleasure Camps, where they would provide sexual services and have children for the purpose of creating another generation to be educated into becoming Nainese, these children would be taken away and adopted by Nainese families and become Nainese, the number of women sent to these camps and how many children in Nainan today are adopted are unknown.
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| Another part of the Cailao program was the creation of the [[Nhóm niềm vui]] (𡖡念𢝙; tr. "Joy group" or "pleasure group") an alleged group of nearly 4,000 women, initially mainly made up of political prisoners, used for providing sexual pleasure for members of the NPSL and leadership of Nainan. It eventually evolved into mostly being made up of "volunteers" by the 1980s, and in Nainan it is considered to be an honor to be a member of the Nhóm niềm vui. Initial members of the group range from ages 14 to 21, they remain members until around age 30, they are paid highly and are given privileges amongst the citizenry. The group still exists to this day but on a smaller scale. Members of the group are said to pledge "their bodies" to the nation of Nainan.
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| ==Later campaign==
| | The '''2023 Visega regional election''' is an election to be held on 4 November 2023, to elect members of the [[Assembleia Visegana]] in the region of [[Visega]]. This elections comes after the dissolving of the regional legislature earlier in 2023. Visega will again hold a regional election in 2024 as part of the scheduled [[2024 Paretian general election]]. |
| [[File:FiringsquadCailao.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Political dissidents being executed by the government, sometime in the 1980s]] | |
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| ==Aftermath== | | == Background == |
| [[File:Nainesedefector1.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Ngô Xuân Hiếu]], a defector who formerly served as a guard at a Cailao Re-Education Camp]] | | In May of 2023 the [[Assembleia Visegana]] had become stalled on numerous bills being pushed by the Acima-led O Povo government. This had lead to the government of the region dissolving after a vote of no confidence by the opposition with some support from Acima and New Democracy members. |
| | == Overview == |
| | == Campaigns == |
| | == Result == |
| | == Aftermath == |
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