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In the ethnic census of the Divine Kingdom, based around the maternal tongue of the recensed "citizens", around 20% of the population is of {{wp|Ch'olti' language|Chan}} ([[Mutli]]: "చన") origin. The Chan consider themselves to be the ancestral "core" of the [[Mutul]], with their origins in the [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty|Paol'lunyu]] and [[Chaan Dynasty]] where they distinguished themselves from the other {{wp|Ch'olan languages|K'olan people}}. Despite close linguistic and cultural ties, a distinction is made between the Chan, who identify predominantly with the populations of the old cities of [[Kaminyajunlyu]], [[Yux]], and [[Uaxakatz'am]], and the {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}}), who tie their origins with the ancestral city of [[Ox Witik]] instead. The cultural distinction with the {{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'ol}} is more pronounced, despite the closer proximity between the two ethnicities, and is due to the history of the K'ol as a border people, influenced both by the {{wp|Itza|Ytze kingdoms}} to their north and the [[Mutul]]to their south, as well as a more rural repartition compared to the very urbanized Chan. | In the ethnic census of the Divine Kingdom, based around the maternal tongue of the recensed "citizens", around 20% of the population is of {{wp|Ch'olti' language|Chan}} ([[Mutli]]: "చన") origin. The Chan consider themselves to be the ancestral "core" of the [[Mutul]], with their origins in the [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty|Paol'lunyu]] and [[Chaan Dynasty]] where they distinguished themselves from the other {{wp|Ch'olan languages|K'olan people}}. Despite close linguistic and cultural ties, a distinction is made between the Chan, who identify predominantly with the populations of the old cities of [[Kaminyajunlyu]], [[Yux]], and [[Uaxakatz'am]], and the {{wp|Chʼortiʼ people|Witik people}}), who tie their origins with the ancestral city of [[Ox Witik]] instead. The cultural distinction with the {{wp|Chʼolan languages|K'ol}} is more pronounced, despite the closer proximity between the two ethnicities, and is due to the history of the K'ol as a border people, influenced both by the {{wp|Itza|Ytze kingdoms}} to their north and the [[Mutul]]to their south, as well as a more rural repartition compared to the very urbanized Chan. | ||
=== | ===Yokotitek=== | ||
{{see also|Yajawil of Yokok'ab}} | {{see also|Yajawil of Yokok'ab}} | ||
The | The Yokotitek ([[Mutli]]: "''యొకొత్తనభొ''", "''Our speech''") are Chan-related peoples living in the modern [[Yajawil of Yokok'ab]]. Their territory was the craddle of the old {{wp|Yajawil of Yokok'ab#Chakb’ah|Chakb’ah civilization}}, one of the earliest culture to have emerged in the pre-dynastic era of the Divine Kingdom and had a major influence over all of the western Mutul. The Yokot'anob claim that the Chakb'ah are their direct forefathers through the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}, which scholars suppose were an "evolution" of the Chakb'ah and thrived as a civilization until their conquest by the [[Chaan Dynasty]]. | ||
The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the [[Mutulese Ochran]] era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits. | The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the [[Mutulese Ochran]] era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits. | ||
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===Batz'i k'op=== | ===Batz'i k'op=== | ||
[[File:San Cristobal - Indianische Straßenhändlerinnen.jpg|220px|thumb|Batz'i k'op women]] | [[File:San Cristobal - Indianische Straßenhändlerinnen.jpg|220px|thumb|Batz'i k'op women]] | ||
Batz'i k'op ([[Mutli]]: "''బఝి ఖొపొ''", "''True Word''") is a Chan language distinct enough to be counted at its own sub branch. Its speakers, the K'opti, inhabit the Viceroyalty of [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|B'akal]]. They represent between four to eight million people, depending on the data. K'opti culture is especially stratified which has led to linguistic differences building up between the dialect of the upper and middle classes and the dialect of the proletariat known as the "Winik Atel" ([[Mutli]]: "''వినికి అతెలి''", "'''Working Men''"). The Divine Throne has always staunchily refused to recognize a linguistic distinction between the two groups whenever the question has been brought up. | |||
The | The K'opti trace their origins back to the kingdom of B'akal, located in the modern [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|Yajawil of B'akal]] where they are still the dominant ethnies. it is also suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}. | ||
===Tohol Ab'al=== | |||
Tohol Ab'al ("Right Words") The exact origins of the Tohol ab'al are unknown, but it is suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}. | |||
===Xamant'aan=== | ===Xamant'aan=== | ||
[[File:Jarana Yucateca.jpg|220px|thumb|A typical ball from the [[Yajawil of Kaniktun]]]] | [[File:Jarana Yucateca.jpg|220px|thumb|A typical ball from the [[Yajawil of Kaniktun]]]] | ||
Most of the inhabitants of the Xuman Peninsula speak a common {{wp|Pluricentric language}} with different standard varieties depending on the specific Province. But generally, all varieties of that language, and thus the ethnies that speak it as their mother language, are grouped under the common name of "Xamant'aan" ([[Mutuli]]: "''శమనత్తన''", "''Northern Speech''") by linguists. | Most of the inhabitants of the Xuman Peninsula speak a common {{wp|Pluricentric language}} with different standard varieties depending on the specific Province. But generally, all varieties of that language, and thus the ethnies that speak it as their mother language, are grouped under the common name of "Xamant'aan" ([[Mutuli]]: "''శమనత్తన''", "''Northern Speech''") by linguists. | ||
Revision as of 11:22, 5 March 2024
The majority of the population of the Mutul consist of Macro-Chan peoples which include the people related to the K'olan speakers, like the Witik people and the Yokot'anob who, despite having be part of the Divine Kingdom for millenias, retain important cultural differences compared to the ethnic Chan and K'ol peoples. Other important branches of the Macro-Chan include the Xamant'aan (and other inhabitant of the Xuman Peninsula), the K'iche (from whom the current ruling lineage, the Ilok'tab Dynasty hail), and smaller ethnicities like the Ytze and the linguistically related Mopan. All the Chan-related peoples, sometime called "Mutuleses proper", form together 75 to 80 percents of the total population, depending on the estimates.
Oto-manguean speakers constitute a large minority of the total population (around 10%), with groups such as the Nuhmu, the Ben Zaa, and the Nuu Davi. They are linguistically distinct from the Tatinak, one of the largest non-Chan ethnic group of the Mutul (6 to 8%). The Tatinak were notably the only non-Chan ethnicity to have given a Dynasty to the Mutul: the K'uy.
The Chibchan account for 2 to 3% of the population and are made of many recognized minorities, such as the Ngabe, Bri, and Paya, living essentially in rural communities in the eastern Mutul. The remainder of the population include other minorities like the Lencas or the Ucayare.
Macro-Chan speaking peoples
Chan
In the ethnic census of the Divine Kingdom, based around the maternal tongue of the recensed "citizens", around 20% of the population is of Chan (Mutli: "చన") origin. The Chan consider themselves to be the ancestral "core" of the Mutul, with their origins in the Paol'lunyu and Chaan Dynasty where they distinguished themselves from the other K'olan people. Despite close linguistic and cultural ties, a distinction is made between the Chan, who identify predominantly with the populations of the old cities of Kaminyajunlyu, Yux, and Uaxakatz'am, and the Witik people), who tie their origins with the ancestral city of Ox Witik instead. The cultural distinction with the K'ol is more pronounced, despite the closer proximity between the two ethnicities, and is due to the history of the K'ol as a border people, influenced both by the Ytze kingdoms to their north and the Mutulto their south, as well as a more rural repartition compared to the very urbanized Chan.
Yokotitek
The Yokotitek (Mutli: "యొకొత్తనభొ", "Our speech") are Chan-related peoples living in the modern Yajawil of Yokok'ab. Their territory was the craddle of the old Chakb’ah civilization, one of the earliest culture to have emerged in the pre-dynastic era of the Divine Kingdom and had a major influence over all of the western Mutul. The Yokot'anob claim that the Chakb'ah are their direct forefathers through the Tzib'ah culture, which scholars suppose were an "evolution" of the Chakb'ah and thrived as a civilization until their conquest by the Chaan Dynasty.
The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the Mutulese Ochran era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits.
Batz'i k'op
Batz'i k'op (Mutli: "బఝి ఖొపొ", "True Word") is a Chan language distinct enough to be counted at its own sub branch. Its speakers, the K'opti, inhabit the Viceroyalty of B'akal. They represent between four to eight million people, depending on the data. K'opti culture is especially stratified which has led to linguistic differences building up between the dialect of the upper and middle classes and the dialect of the proletariat known as the "Winik Atel" (Mutli: "వినికి అతెలి", "'Working Men"). The Divine Throne has always staunchily refused to recognize a linguistic distinction between the two groups whenever the question has been brought up.
The K'opti trace their origins back to the kingdom of B'akal, located in the modern Yajawil of B'akal where they are still the dominant ethnies. it is also suspected that they have ancestral ties to the Tzib'ah culture.
Tohol Ab'al
Tohol Ab'al ("Right Words") The exact origins of the Tohol ab'al are unknown, but it is suspected that they have ancestral ties to the Tzib'ah culture.
Xamant'aan
Most of the inhabitants of the Xuman Peninsula speak a common Pluricentric language with different standard varieties depending on the specific Province. But generally, all varieties of that language, and thus the ethnies that speak it as their mother language, are grouped under the common name of "Xamant'aan" (Mutuli: "శమనత్తన", "Northern Speech") by linguists.