Makgato

Main article: Itayana

Amayana Makgato Federation
Capital	Yanomi Airashe
Largest city	Airashe
Official languages	Kaayana
Ethnic groups (2023)	90.1% Amayana 9.9% other
Demonym(s)	Amayana
Government	Federal parliamentary republic
Historical Landmarks
• Ihemodian Yoke	1375-1548
• Second Realm	1548-1875
• Treaty of Airashe	February 5th, 1979
• Treaty of Yanomi	August 11th, 1989
Population
• 2023 estimate	28,643,101
• 2022 census	27,940,056
GDP (PPP)	estimate
• Total	$340,1 billion
• Per capita	$11,875
Gini	37.4 medium
HDI	0.493 low
Currency	Nahaasi (NHS)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy
Driving side	right

Amayana Makgato Federation, abbreviated AMF and unofficially known as Upper Karana or East Itayana, is a de facto sovereign state in the East Scipia. It is a landlocked country bordered by Charnea to the north, M'Biruna by the east and the Solar Autocracy to the south-west. The Makgato Plateau, rising 1500 meters above the sea level, forms the entirety of the territory, while most of the major cities are situated within the Makgato basin of the Karana.

The Makgato Plateau was inhabited since pre-historic era, with various polities emerging from before 4,000 BC. The area was conquered and integrated into the Greater Itayana by the year 0 CE. The Ihemodian invasion of Itayana ravaged the entire area apart from the most remote outlying fortresses. Resettled by various Ikelan slaves in the following years, it served as one of the agricultural regions of the Ihemodian Realm until its reconquest conducted by the re-emerging Unifying Realm in 1521-1548. The conquest saw many of the settlers forcibly relocated downstream, but the Amayana resettlement allowed the area to rebuild and later serve as the staging ground for several military raids against East Scipia in 1561-1563, as well as the invasion of Agala in 1568 which set off the series of military campaigns by the Solar Temple of Yanbango. The fragmentation of the Second Realm in 1860s-1870s left the region largely alone for the following years, until the Agala War started the Unifying Revival, culminating in formation of the AMF in 1979.

AMF economy is formed around agriculture and transport lanes of the Scipian railroads. Industry, primarily in form of foreign concessions, is concentrated in the largest cities, while the outlying cities serve primarily as outposts and communication hubs.

History

Main article: History of Greater Itayana

First evidences of human activity on Makgato Plateau were traced to prehistorical era, with several waves of migrations of hunter-gatherer tribes from M'Biruna. The Neolithic revolution, transitioning the scattered tribes from hunting and gathering to agriculture, is believed to have happened circa 5,000-6,000 BC. Several dozens of archaeological sites were found, indicating that the region has been populated by at least a few settled agricultural polities and migrating proto-Komontu pastoral tribes by 3,000 BC.

The polities appeared to have been structured around urban centers owning vast swathes of fields and simple irrigation systems to capture occasional rainfalls reaching the plateau. Social stratification was evident through various structures identified as palaces. The polities conformed to polytheistic religious system, shared between the region with several variations. Many traces of writing were discovered, with at least two distinct phases of evolution of pictograms into a distinct writing system; that system is yet to be conclusively deciphered. Warfare was apparently conducted through pastoral tribes complemented by foot militias, and several battle sites were identified.

Kingdom of Wabale

By circa 1,800 BC, armies of the Ancient Deshret reached the Plateau and over 200 years conquered or vassalized all Makgato polities. Settlement by Deshretic people from the north was interrupted by decline of Deshret and the corresponding rise of ancient Tamazgha. As such, it did not erase the original culture, but instead formed a synthetic Makgato-Deshretic culture and the first all-Makgato polity, known today as the Kingdom of Wabale. Said kingdom defeated a major Tamazgha incursion during the reign of Ansenabale I (c.1100-1040 BC), and reached the peak influence over its native land circa 600 BC, when it established a dominion over its original Deshretic homeland, lasting approximately 200 years. At the same time, Wabale conducted successful campaigns against Lower Karana. At its peak c.450 BC, Wabale and its vassal kingdoms spanned the entire Karana basin, Agala highlands and west to the coast of Oorupaqi ocean, Deshret and parts of the Imo basin.

While still relying on irrigation networks, Kingdom of Wabale differed from the previous polities by far more aggressive exploitation of the peasant class and lower artisans than in the previous polities. Extended to Deshret proper, it allowed the Kingdom to proceed with massive irrigation and construction projects as far as the present-day Orisaro, with remnants of the road network and dams being in use as far as 1200 CE. The absolute power of the king, however, was often curtailed by nobility and priesthood intertwined with it. Sufficient evidence was gathered in recent years to conclude that a severe internal instability during the reign of Queen Ankhatkarana IV (c.470-435 BC) was caused by struggle between the central and various local authorities.

The decline of the Kingdom of Wabale corresponded with the loss of Deshret to the local uprisings c.350 BC and Agala against resurgent Tamazgha at roughly the same time, as well as the resurgence of Central Karana polities. By 150 BC the Kingdom of Wabale was conquered by combined Karana polities; the last traces of Deshretic Hieratic in the Karana Basin date c.50 BC.

Ihemodian conquest of Itayana

Main article: Ihemodian campaign in Itayana

Second Unifying Realm

Main article: Wars of the Solar Realm

Post-fragmentation

Main articles: Ninvite War and Central Karana War

Geography

Main articles: Karana Basin and Makgato Plateau

Amayana Makgato Federation is a landlocked country situated in the Central Scipia, sharing borders with the Solar Autocracy to the south-west, Charnea to the north-west and M'Biruna to the north and east. The country is mostly situated higher than 1km above the sea level. Its borders are defined by the natural borders of the Makgato Plateau, surrounded by highlands and mountain chains from the west to south-east and cut off by Kasai and Central Karana basins to the south and south-west. The highest point of the country, mount BKS (4,900m), is located at the border with M'Biruna, the lowest point is the border with the solar Autocracy at the Karana river (750 meters).

Makgato Plateau itself is relatively flat, with heights mostly varying between 1.1 and 1.8 kilometers and the highest point at the plateau itself being 2,451 meters. It was formed with the rainfalls coming from the west progressively washing away the bulk of the ancient mountains, revealing the bedrock. Several deposits of the non-ferrous metal ores were identified and developed, including copper, nickel, manganese and aluminium. Gold deposits in the mountains to the north-east were known since the Kingdom of Wabale, but are largely exhausted by now.

Much of the Plateau is situated in a tropical savannah climate, with the north-eastern part being semi-arid. Average temperatures vary between 25 and 40°C. Makgato Plateau gets significantly less rainfall than the rest of the Karana Basin, but up to 570mm total precipitation has been observed consistently with the rainfall seasons downstream. Most of that precipitation feeds the Upper Karana basin, which forms the key hydrographic feature of the Federation. It is represented by 7 major and 29 minor tributaries. 13 major natural lakes are also connected to the basin. The source of the Karana river is located in the north-eastern highlands, surrounded by the Temple of the Emergent Sister Karana.

Politics

Amayana Makgato Federation governance is based on three documents: 1979 Statute of Airashe, 1989 Statute of Yanomi and 2012 Statute of Airashe, forming the basis for the legal framework. According to those documents, Amayana Makgato Federation is a federal military republic. The supreme authority of the Republic is the Greater Federal Council, composed of major city mayors, regional governors and various senior officials. The day-to-day operations are conducted by the Federal Council of Governors formed of eight regional governors and the Grand Nomarch, elected across the Greater Federal Council by a 75% supermajority vote. The regional governors are the main source of executive and judicial power within their governorates, operating according to the directives of the Federal Council.

The 1979 and 1989 Statutes were designed primarily for the state to serve as an arbitrator and a mediator between the regional governors. However, the defeat in the Central Karana War caused overall challenging of their authority from the lower military circles. 2012 Statute liberalized several aspects of the political life while maintaining the military spirit of the Republic. It established a new legislative non-partisan organ, the Federal Popular Assembly, elected on six years through a secret ballot by everyone above 25 who passed the mandatory military service, with the exception of those who entered the civil service. The Federal Popular Assembly is able to pass laws, issue veto on acts by the Greater Federal Council and supervise executive authorities through appointed committees.

Administrative division

Administratively, the Federation follows the structure established in the Itayana Second Realm. The country is divided on eight governorates, further subdivided on villages and cities. The governorates maintain the same numbering scheme as found in the Second Realm, numbering from 29th to 36th; their territory likewise roughly corresponds to that circa 1875. Villages and cities are often grouped into counties, though this level of subdivision exists only in the governorates of the Karana basin due to their higher population comparing to the peripheral governorates.

Commonwealth	Capital	Population	Area (km2)	Density (per km2)	GDP (U$D)
Amayana Makgato Federation	Yanomi	39,043,101	---	---	$436,304,575,628
29th Governorate	Airashe	11,483,919	---	---	---
30th Governorate	KLM	10,211,760	---	---	---
31st Governorate	KHU	373,156	---	---	---
32nd Governorate	HGD	381,970	---	---	---
33rd Governorate	Yanomi	8,123,345	---	---	---
34th Governorate	KNS	7,800,101	---	---	---
35th Governorate	OSU	302,126	---	---	---
36th Governorate	Orisaro	266,724	---	---	---

Military

Main articles: Makgato Defence Force and Central Karana War

AMF military is consolidated under the Makgato Defence Force (MDF), divided into the Army, the River Force and the Air Corps. Originating from the governorate defence forces, it had undergone several transformations in 1980s and 2000s, in light of the experience of the Ninvite War, M'Biruna Civil War and its ICA advisers. The Army acts as the primary branch, responsible for ground operations, and is the most numerous. The River Force operates in several squadrons in the Upper Karana Basin and adjacent channels. The Air Corps is responsible for air operations and aerial support. Its commander-in-chief is the Grand Nomarch of the Federal Council, appointing the MDF Joint Staff; in practice, members of the said staff have their seats in the Federal Council. In addition to the three branches, AMF maintains a paramilitary force, known as the Horizon Guards. It is known that it was activated in 2011 and serves as a complementary force to the MDF, but its numbers are unknown.

Until 2012, the armed forces relied on a four-year universal male conscription from 18 years of age. Since then, the military force reduced conscription term to two years and shifted towards expanding volunteer service. However, the military service is strongly enforced culturally, with departing for the military being viewed as a coming-of-age ritual for men. AMF laws give no protection to conscientious objectors, equating the concept with sedition. Women are barred from all branches of the MDF, but not from the Horizon Guards.

Most of the equipment in service of the MDF is of the foreign origin. From the Army equipment, only the infantry and support weapons are manufactured in eight local arsenals in the governorate capitals. Three riverine shipyards are capable of supplying the MDF River Force, but the components of the hulls are primarily imported. The MDF Air Corps has no supporting aviation industry of note.

Amayana military doctrines represent a synthesis of traditional Tenerian manoeuvre warfare doctrine, developed in its purest form by the Charnean Army, and traditional Karanite art of large-scale operational warfare. Accordingly, most of the AMF equipment is represented by lighter wheeled vehicles, armoured personnel carriers and self-propelled wheeled artillery alike. The River Force, tasked with fighting on the Karana river, relies on a mix of fast attack boats and slower ferries usually equipped with guns of various calibre. Despite its superior numbers and application of the doctrines, MDF performed overwhelmingly poorly against the Amayana National Army in the Central Karana War. The Army was routed with heavy loss of men and equipment, much of the River Force was sunk in the battles of Lower Karana, and the Air Corps was decimated, being left with only 34 nonoperational aircraft.

Post-Central Karana War reforms focused on rebuilding and restructuring the MDF Army and the MDF Air Corps with the experience acquired. The officer corps was cut by 60% with stricter standards from the remainder, the conscription period was reduced and training programs were overhauled. It is not known yet what effects the reforms had, for there was no confrontation between the Solar Autocracy and the AMF.

Economy

AMF economy is focused mostly on primary sector, with significantly weaker developing secondary sector. It is characterized by devolved management, low levels of development, relatively low urbanization and cheap workforce pool. Being landlocked and cut from the lower parts of the Karana basin, it relies on railway transportation, mostly under joint management with the Charnean railway conglomerates.

The supreme economic authority is the Joint Governorates Economical Board, subordinated to the Federal Council of Governors. Theoretically, it holds power over economical, financial and monetary policy of the Federation and its constituent governorates, and is responsible for economical forecasting, formulation of inter-regional integration, investment and development policies, fiscal policy and banking sector regulation. In practice, it seems like the Board serves mostly as a balancing actor and a mediator between the governorates and foreign interests, as only two of its own development programs had any success.