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|image_map =          Locator map of Moldova.svg
|image_map =          Bastarneia Within European Union.png
|loctext =            {{wpl|Eastern Europe}}
|loctext =            {{wpl|Eastern Europe}}
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|map_caption =        Location of Bastarneia (green) within Europe
|map_caption =        Location of Bastarneia (green) within European Union (light green) and Europe (gray)
|image_map2 =        Moldova adm location map.svg
|image_map2 =         
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital =            {{wpl|Chișinău|Kisjanaus}}
|capital =            {{wpl|Lviv|Laimbairgs}}
|coordinates =        <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
|coordinates =        <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
|largest_city =      capital
|largest_city =      capital
Line 40: Line 40:


|official_languages = [[Bastarneian language|Bastarneian]]
|official_languages = [[Bastarneian language|Bastarneian]]
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|national_languages = {{wpl|Russian language|Russian}}
|regional_languages = [[Pecheneg language|Pecheneg]], {{wpl|Russian language|Russian}}, {{wpl|Ukrainian language|Ukrainian}}
|regional_languages = {{wpl|Hungarian language|Hungarian}}
|languages_type =    <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional-->
|languages_type =    <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional-->
|languages =          <!--Languages of the further type-->
|languages =          <!--Languages of the further type-->
Line 50: Line 50:




|ethnic_groups =      75.1% [[Bastarneians|Bastarneian]]<br />7.0% {{wpl|Romanians|Romanian}}<br />6.6% {{wpl|Ukrainians|Ukrainian}}<br />4.6% [[Pecheneg people|Pechenegs]]<br />4.1% {{wpl|Russians|Russian}}<br />1.9% {{wpl|Bulgarians|Bulgarian}}<br />0.36% {{wpl|Romani people|Romani}}<br />0.07% {{wpl|Poles}}<br />0.89% ''others''
|ethnic_groups =      83.7% [[Bastarneians|Bastarneian]]<br />8.3% {{wpl|Russians|Russian}}<br />3.1% {{wpl|Ukrainians|Ukrainian}}<br />2.8% {{wpl|Poles|Polish}}<br />1.7% {{wpl|Hungarians|Hungarian}}<br />0.1% {{wpl|Jews|Jewish}}<br />0.3% ''other''
|ethnic_groups_year = 2014
|ethnic_groups_year = 2014
|ethnic_groups_ref =  <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|ethnic_groups_ref =  <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->




|religion =          <!--Religion-->
|religion =          {{nowrap|57.0% {{wpl|Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy}}}}<br />
{{nowrap|30.9% {{wpl|Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Greek Catholicism}}}}<br />4.3% Simply {{wpl|Christianity}}<br />3.9% {{wpl|Protestantism}}<br />1.6% {{wpl|Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism}}<br />0.2% {{wpl|Judaism}}<br />2.1% ''non-religious'' or ''other''
|religion_year =      <!--Year of religion data (if provided)-->
|religion_year =      <!--Year of religion data (if provided)-->
|religion_ref =      <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|religion_ref =      <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
Line 100: Line 101:




|area_rank = 135th
|area_rank = 95th
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_km2 =          33,846
|area_km2 =          131,256
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
Line 109: Line 110:
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|population_estimate = 3,473,242
|population_estimate = 9,765,281
|population_estimate_rank = 138th
|population_estimate_rank = 92nd
|population_estimate_year = 2019
|population_estimate_year = 2019
|population_census =  
|population_census = 10,101,756
|population_census_year =  
|population_census_year = 2001
|population_density_km2 = 90.5
|population_density_km2 = 76.96
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_rank = 93rd
|population_density_rank = 105th
|nummembers =        <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
|nummembers =        <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->




|GDP_PPP =            $27.271 billion
|GDP_PPP =            $102.010 billion
|GDP_PPP_rank =  
|GDP_PPP_rank = 83rd
|GDP_PPP_year = 2019
|GDP_PPP_year = 2019
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $7,700
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,098
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =  
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 107th
|GDP_nominal = $12.037 billion
|GDP_nominal = $33.721 billion
|GDP_nominal_rank =  
|GDP_nominal_rank = 98th
|GDP_nominal_year = 2019
|GDP_nominal_year = 2019
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,399
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,338
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 124th




|Gini =              26.8
|Gini =              25.0
|Gini_ref =          <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
|Gini_ref =          <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
|Gini_rank =  
|Gini_rank = 19th
|Gini_year = 2014
|Gini_year = 2014
|HDI_year =          2017
|HDI_year =          2017
|HDI =                0.700
|HDI =                0.751
|HDI_change =        increase
|HDI_change =        increase
|HDI_rank = 112th
|HDI_rank = 88th
|HDI_ref =            <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
|HDI_ref =            <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->


Line 155: Line 156:
|cctld =              .kb
|cctld =              .kb
|iso3166code =        KB
|iso3166code =        KB
|calling_code =      +373
|calling_code =      +384
|patron_saint =      {{wpl|Saint George}}
|patron_saint =      {{wpl|Saint George}}
|image_map3 =        <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
|image_map3 =        <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
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}}
}}


'''Bastarneia''' ([[Bastarneian language|Bastarneian]]: ''Bastjanaland'', [bastˈjanaland]), officially the '''Kingdom of Bastarneia''' ([[Bastarneian language|Bast.]]: ''Kuniggareiki Bastjanaland'', [kʊnʲɪŋgaˈrʲi:kʲɪ bastˈjanaland]), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by {{wpl|Romania}} to the west and {{wpl|Ukraine}} to the north, east, and south. The capital city is {{wpl|Chișinău|Kisjanaus}}. [[Bastarneian language|Bastarneian]], an {{wpl|Germanic languages|East Germanic}} language, is the sole official language at the national level, but {{wpl|Russian language|Russian}} is widely used for inter-ethnic communication.
{{WIP}}
 
Most of the Bastarneian territory was part of the [[Principality of Bastarneia]] from the 14th century until 1812, when it was ceded to the {{wpl|Russian Empire}} by the {{wpl|Ottoman Empire}} (to which it was a vassal state). Southern Bastarneia was transferred to the {{wpl|United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia}} in 1856, but Russian rule was restored in 1878. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, Bastarneia became an autonomous state within the {{wpl|Russian Republic}} before becoming fully independent. This decision was disputed by {{wpl|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia}}, which in 1924 established, within the Ukrainian SSR, a [[Bastarneian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Bastarneian autonomous republic]] (BASSR) on partially Bastarneian-inhabited territories to the east of the Dniester river. In 1940, as a consequence of the {{wpl|Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact}}, Bastarneia was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the [[Bastarneian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (Bastarneian SSR), which included the greater part of Bastarneia and the westernmost strip of the former BASSR (east of the Dniester river).
 
On 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was underway, the Bastarneian SSR declared independence from the Soviet Union. The [[Constitution of Bastarneia]] was adopted three years later in 1994, which reestablished the [[Monarchy of Bastarneia]]. The strip of Bastarneian territory to the east of the Dniester has since 1990 been under the ''de facto'' control of the breakaway government of [[Pridnestrovia]].
 
Due to a decrease in industrial and agricultural output following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the service sector has grown to dominate Bastarneia's economy and is over 60% of the nation's GDP. Its economy is the poorest in Europe in per capita terms and has the lowest Human Development Index in the continent. Bastarneia is also the least visited country in Europe by tourists with only 11,000 annually recorded visitors from abroad.
 
Bastarneia is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, with [[Hereswith, Queen of Bastarneia]] as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. It is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).
 
==Etymology==
 
The English name ''Bastarneia'' hearkens back to the Latin term ''Bastarnae'' and its Greek equivalent ''Βαστάρναι'', both names which referred to the ancient Germanic peoples that settled near the Dniester river in Eastern Europe near the end of classical antiquity. The origin of this tribal name is uncertain; it is even unknown whether this was an exonym (a name ascribed to them by outsiders) or an endonym (a name by which the ''Bastarnae'' described themselves). A related question is whether the groups denoted ''Bastarnae'' by the Romans considered themselves a distinct ethnic group at all (endonym) or whether it was a generic exonym used by the Greco-Romans to denote a disparate group of tribes of the Carpathian region that could not be classified as Dacians or Sarmatians.
 
One possible derivation is from the proto-Germanic word *''bastjan'' (from Proto-Indo-European root *''bʰas''-) means "binding" or "tie". In this case, ''Bastarnae'' may have had the original meaning of a coalition or ''bund'' of tribes.
 
It is possible that the Roman term basterna, denoting a type of wagon or litter, is derived from the name of this people (or, if it is an exonym, the name of the people is derived from it) which was known, like many Germanic tribes, to travel with a wagon-train for their families.
 
It has also been suggested that the name is linked with the Germanic word ''bastard'', meaning ''illegitimate'' or ''mongrel''. If the name is an endonym, then this derivation is unlikely, as most endonyms have flattering meanings (e.g. "brave", "strong", "noble").
 
==History==
 
===Prehistory===
 
In 2010, {{wpl|Oldowan}} flint tools were discovered at Dubasarja on the lower Dniester that are 800,000—1.2 million years old, demonstrating that early humans were present in Bastarneia during the {{wpl|lower paleolithic}}. During prehistoric times there was a succession of cultures that flourished in the land of present-day Bastarneia from the end of the {{wpl|Quaternary glaciation|ice age}} up through the {{wpl|Neolithic}}, the {{wpl|Chalcolithic}}, the {{wpl|Bronze Age}}, and the beginning of the {{wpl|Iron Age}}, when historical records begin to be made about the people who lived in these lands. These cultures included the {{wpl|Linear Pottery culture}} (ca. 5500–4500 BC), the {{wpl|Cucuteni-Trypillian culture}} (ca. 5500–2750 BC), and the {{wpl|Yamna culture}} (ca. 3600–2300 BC).  During this period of time many innovations and advancements were made, including the practice of agriculture, animal husbandry, kiln-fired pottery, weaving, and the formation of large settlements and towns. Indeed, during the Cucuteni-Trypillian Culture, some of the settlements in this area were larger than anywhere on Earth at the time, and they predate even the earliest towns of {{wpl|Sumer}} in the Mesopotamia. The area, stretching from the Dnieper River in the east to the Iron Gate of the Danube in the west (which included the land now in Bastarneia), had a civilization as highly advanced as anywhere else on Earth during the Neolithic period.
 
The question as to why this area did not remain at the forefront of technological and social development lies in the subsequent history of its geographical location. At the end of the mostly peaceful Neolithic period, this area became a highway for invaders from the east moving into Europe. By the time the historical written record begins to cover this area, it has already seen a number of invasions sweep over it, leaving social and political upheaval in their wake. This trend was to continue on a fairly regular basis up until the 20th century. With so much destruction, it was difficult for the residents of this area to recover from each successive invasion before encountering the next. However, the few societies in this area that managed to survive for a while through these turbulent centuries left behind a culture and history that are rich and dramatic.
 
<gallery mode="packed">
File:CuTryOutline.svg|Cucuteni-Trypillian culture boundaries
File:Roman province of Dacia (106 - 271 AD).svg|The Roman provinces of Dacia (purple) and Moesia Inferior (green)
File:Roman provinces of Illyricum, Macedonia, Dacia, Moesia, Pannonia and Thracia.jpg|The lands of the Lower Danube in Roman times
</gallery>
 
===Antiquity and the early Middle Ages===
In recorded antiquity, Bastarneia's territory was inhabited by several tribes, mainly by {{wpl|Akatziri|''Akatziroi''}}, and at different periods by the {{wpl|Celts}}, {{wpl|Scythians}} and {{wpl|Sarmatians}}. Between the 1st and 7th centuries AD, the south was intermittently under the Roman, then Byzantine Empires. Due to its strategic location on a route between Asia and Europe, Moldova was repeatedly invaded by, among others, the Goths, Huns, Avars, Magyars, Kievan Rus', Pechenegs, Cumans, and the Mongols. The First Bulgarian Empire ruled the area or parts of it from the late 7th century/early 8th century until the late 10th century, the Principality of Halych in the 12th century and the Second Bulgarian Empire from the early 13th century with interruptions until the early 14th century. The colonists of the Genoa Republic also left a trace in this region. The Hypatian Chronicle mentiones the name of the ''Bastarnii'' living in an area stretching from the {{wpl|Răut River|Rauts}} to the Dnieper.
 
====Migrations of the Bastarnae====
[[File:Bolohoveni land from A.V. Boldur description.PNG|thumb|left|200px|Areas of [[Bastarneians#History|Bastarneian]] settlement prior to the 9th century AD]]
The [[Bastarneians#Origins|'''Bastarnae''']] ([[Bastarneian language|Bastarneian]]: ''Bastjaniggos'') were a people associated in classical antiquity with both Germanic and Celtic peoples, often considered to be a confederation of Germanic and Celtic tribes. Large numbers of the Bastarnae were resettled within the Roman empire during the 3rd century AD; those who were not continued to inhabit {{wpl|Podolia}} and Bastarneia until the middle ages.
 
According to the ''Hypatian Chronicle'', the {{wpl|Daniel of Galicia|Prince of Galicia and Volhynia}} was in conflict with the Bastarnae between 1231 and 1257. The Bastarnae sided with the Mongols against the Russian Princes, but were defeated by Daniel of Galicia in 1257, and were forced to migrate southwestward into modern day Bastarneia.
 
===Founding of the Principality of Bastarneia===
{{main|Principality of Bastarneia}}
 
===Between Poland and Hungary===
 
===The Ottomans===
 
===Modern history===
 
==Government==
{{main|Politics of Bastarneia}}
 
===Internal affairs===
 
On 19 December 2016, Bastarneian MPs approved raising the retirement age to 63 years from the current level of 57 for women and 62 for men, a reform that is part of a 3-year-old assistance program agreed with the International Monetary Fund. The retirement age will be lifted gradually by a few months every year until coming fully into effect in 2028.
 
Life expectancy in the ex-Soviet country (which is among Europe's poorest) is 67.5 years for men and 75.5 years for women. In a country with a population of 3.5 million, of which 1 million are abroad, there are more than 700,000 pensioners.
 
===Foreign relations===
 
===Military===
 
===Human rights===
 
===Administrative divisions===
 
==Geography==
{{main|Geography of Bastarneia}}
[[File:Dniester in Moldova, 2004.jpg|thumb|Scenery in Bastarneia, with {{wpl|Dniester River}}]]
[[File:Dniester near Vadul lui Vodă.jpg|thumb|Beach on the shore of {{wpl|Dniester River}}, 23 km east of Kisjanaus]]
 
Bastarneia lies between latitudes {{wpl|45th parallel north|45°}} and {{wpl|49th parallel north|49° N}}, and mostly between meridians {{wpl|26th meridian east|26°}} and {{wpl|30th meridian east|30° E}} (a small area lies east of 30°). The total land area is 33,851 km<sup>2</sup>.
 
The largest part of the nation lies between two rivers, the {{wpl|Dniester}} and the {{wpl|Prut}}. The western border of Bastarneia is formed by the Prut river, which joins the {{wpl|Danube}} before flowing into the {{wpl|Black Sea}}. Bastarneia has access to the Danube for only about {{convert|480|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, and {{wpl|Giurgiulești|Giurgiulaisti}} is the only Bastarneian port on the Danube. In the east, the Dniester is the main river, flowing through the country from north to south, receiving the waters of the {{wpl|Răut|Rauts}}, {{wpl|Bîc|Biuk}}, Ichel, and {{wpl|Botna}}. The Ijalpug flows into one of the Danube {{wpl|Liman (landform)|limans}}, while the {{wpl|Cogîlnic River|Kugilnik}} into the Black Sea chain of limans.
 
[[File:Orhei Vechi, Moldova - Flickr - Dave Proffer (13).jpg|thumb|Cave churches at Old Urheius]]
[[File:Toltre FTȘT-52.JPG|thumb|right|Northern moors]]
 
The country is landlocked, though it is close to the Black Sea. While most of the country is hilly, elevations never exceed {{convert|430|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} – the highest point being the {{wpl|Dealul Bălănești|Balanaisti Hill}}. Bastarneia's hills are part of the Moldavian Plateau, which geologically originate from the {{wpl|Carpathian Mountains}}. Its subdivisions in Bastarneia include the Dniester Hills (Northern Bastarneian Hills and Dniester Ridge), the Bastarneian plain, and the Central Bastarneian Plateau. In the south, the country has a small flatland, the Budjak Plain. The territory of Bastarneia east of the river Dniester is split between parts of the {{wpl|Podolian Plateau}}, and parts of the {{wpl|Eurasian Steppe}}.
 
The country's main cities are the capital Kisjanaus, in the centre of the country, Tiraspol (in the eastern region of Pridnestrovia), Baltja (in the north) and Bender (in the south-east). Komrat is the administrative centre of [[Pecheneg Autonomous Republic|Pechenegia]].
 
===Climate===
 
Bastarneia has a climate which is moderately continental; its proximity to the {{wpl|Black Sea}} leads to the climate being mildly cold in the autumn and winter and relatively cool in the spring and summer.
 
The summers are warm and long, with temperatures averaging about {{convert|20|°C|0|abbr=on}} and the winters are relatively mild and dry, with January temperatures averaging {{convert|-4|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Annual rainfall, which ranges from around {{convert|600|mm|0|abbr=on}} in the north to {{convert|400|mm|0|abbr=on}} in the south, can vary greatly; long dry spells are not unusual. The heaviest rainfall occurs in early summer and again in October; heavy showers and thunderstorms are common. Because of the irregular terrain, heavy summer rains often cause erosion and river silting.
 
The highest temperature ever recorded in Bastarneia was {{convert|41.5|°C|1|abbr=on}} on 21 July 2007 in {{wpl|Camenca|Kamenka}}. The lowest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-35.5|°C|1|abbr=on}} on 20 January 1963 in Brautisainja.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for the three largest cities in Bastarneia
|-
!Location
!July (°C)
!July (°F)
!January (°C)
!January (°F)
|-
|Kisjanaus || 27/17 || 81/63 || 1/−4 || 33/24
|-
|Tiraspolis || 27/15 || 81/60 || 1/−6 || 33/21
|-
|Belts || 26/14 || 79/58 || −0/−7 || 31/18
|}
 
==Economy==
 
==Demographics==
 
==Culture==
 
==See also==


[[category:Countries]][[category:Bastarneia]]
[[category:Countries]][[category:Bastarneia]]

Revision as of 02:21, 3 August 2019

Kingdom of Bastarneia
Kuniggareiki Bastjanaland
A square flag with a white cross on blue field with image of Saint George
Flag
of Bastarneia
Coat of arms
Motto: Hilpa Fraujins jah lubo þiudos sind meina mahts.
"The Lord's help and the love of the people are my strength"
Location of Bastarneia (green) within European Union (light green) and Europe (gray)
Location of Bastarneia (green) within European Union (light green) and Europe (gray)
LocationEastern Europe
Capital
and largest city
Laimbairgs
Official languagesBastarneian
Recognised national languagesRussian
Recognised regional languagesHungarian
Ethnic groups
(2014)
83.7% Bastarneian
8.3% Russian
3.1% Ukrainian
2.8% Polish
1.7% Hungarian
0.1% Jewish
0.3% other
Religion
57.0% Eastern Orthodoxy
30.9% Greek Catholicism
4.3% Simply Christianity
3.9% Protestantism
1.6% Roman Catholicism
0.2% Judaism
2.1% non-religious or other
Demonym(s)Bastarneian
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Hereswith
Raginars Alaþius
LegislatureAlaþing
Formation
• Monarchy established
c. 830 AD
869
1346
1812
15 December 1917
12 October 1924
2 August 1940
• Independence from the
Soviet Union
27 August 1991
• Constitution adopted
29 July 1994
Area
• Total
131,256 km2 (50,678 sq mi) (95th)
• Water (%)
1.4
Population
• 2019 estimate
9,765,281 (92nd)
• 2001 census
10,101,756
• Density
76.96/km2 (199.3/sq mi) (105th)
GDP (PPP)2019 estimate
• Total
$102.010 billion (83rd)
• Per capita
$10,098 (107th)
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
$33.721 billion (98th)
• Per capita
$3,338 (124th)
Gini (2014)25.0
low (19th)
HDI (2017)Increase 0.751
high (88th)
CurrencyShilling (Sk) (KBS)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Driving sideright
Calling code+384
ISO 3166 codeKB
Internet TLD.kb
Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bastarneia&oldid=96565"