Bastarneian grammar: Difference between revisions
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The Bastarneian personal pronoun system is relatively similar to other Germanic languages, particularly German and Icelandic. Pronouns inflect for person, for number, and, in the third person, for gender. Much like many other Germanic languages, Bastarneian has a separate third-person reflexive pronoun ''se''. | The Bastarneian personal pronoun system is relatively similar to other Germanic languages, particularly German and Icelandic. Pronouns inflect for person, for number, and, in the third person, for gender. Much like many other Germanic languages, Bastarneian has a separate third-person reflexive pronoun ''se''. | ||
Pronouns beginning with 'e' are pronounced with a preceding weak palatal approximant. | |||
:{| class="wikitable" | :{| class="wikitable" | ||
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| ''țin'' | | ''țin'' | ||
! 2nd<br><big>(plural or formal sing.)</big> | ! 2nd<br><big>(plural or formal sing.)</big> | ||
| '' | | ''eu'' | ||
| ''zve'' | | ''zve'' | ||
| ''zvăr'' | | ''zvăr'' | ||
Revision as of 22:23, 11 August 2019
Bastarneian grammar is the set of structural rules of the Bastarneian language, which in many respects is similar to that of the other Germanic languages.
Although some features of Bastarneian grammar, such as the formation of some of the verb forms, resemble English, Bastarneian grammar differs from that of English in that it has, among other things, cases and gender in nouns and a strict verb-second word order.
Nouns
Gender
The plural
Case
Nominal phrases
Articles and article-like words
Numbers
Adjectives
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
The Bastarneian personal pronoun system is relatively similar to other Germanic languages, particularly German and Icelandic. Pronouns inflect for person, for number, and, in the third person, for gender. Much like many other Germanic languages, Bastarneian has a separate third-person reflexive pronoun se.
Pronouns beginning with 'e' are pronounced with a preceding weak palatal approximant.
Singular Plural Person Direct Oblique Genitive Person Direct Oblique Genitive 1st e me min 1st vi ui unsăr 2nd (familiar) țu țe țin 2nd
(plural or formal sing.)eu zve zvăr 3rd masculine en em ei 3rd ea eam eze 3rd feminine se ea ezu 3rd neuter etă ei 3rd indefinite ("one") mână mân mâini 3rd reflexive — se șin 3rd reflexive — se șin
Possessive pronouns
Bastarneian possessive pronouns exist in the first and second person as independently declined forms, as well as in the third person reflexive. Non-reflexive possessive pronouns do not exist in the third person, as simply the genitive form of the respective personal pronoun is used instead. Possessive pronouns differ from the simple genitive form of the personal pronoun in that they precede rather than follow the modified substantive.
Case Number First person Singular Plural Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine Direct Singular minăn min mină unsărăn unsăr unsără Genitive mini mineazui unsări unsăreazui Dative minăm mine unsărăm unsăre Direct Plural mine mină minui unsăre unsără unsărui Genitive mineze mineazu unsăreze unsăreazu Dative minem unsărem
Case Number Second Person Singular Plural Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine Direct Singular ținăn țin țină zvărăn zvăr zvără Genitive țini țineazui zvări zvăreazui Dative ținăm ține zvărăm zvăre Direct Plural ține țină ținui zvăre zvără zvărui Genitive țineze țineazu zvăreze zvăreazu Dative ținem zvărem
Case Number Third Person Reflexive Masculine Neuter Feminine Direct Singular șinăn șin șină Genitive șini șineazui Dative șinăm șine Direct Plural șine șină șinui Genitive șineze șineazu Dative șinem
Demonstrative pronouns
The demonstrative dăn carries the meaning of both this/that and of the definite article when used in place of the suffixed definite article.
| Case | Demonstrative: This/That, The | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | |
| Direct | dăn | dăt | do | dăni | do | doi |
| Genitive | de | dezoi | deze | dezo | ||
| Dative | dăm | deze | dem | |||
Relative pronouns
The relative pronouns of Bastarneian are nearly identical to the demonstrative dăn, diverging only in the genitive case.
| Case | Demonstrative: This/That, The | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | |
| Direct | dăn | dăt | do | dăni | do | doi |
| Genitive | dezi | dezoi | dezei | dezoi | ||
| Dative | dăm | deze | dem | |||