Bastarneian grammar

Bastarneian grammar is the set of structural rules of the Bastarneian language, which in many respects is similar to that of the other Germanic languages.

Although some features of Bastarneian grammar, such as the formation of some of the verb forms, resemble English, Bastarneian grammar differs from that of English in that it has, among other things, cases and gender in nouns and a strict verb-second word order.

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

The Bastarneian personal pronoun system is relatively similar to other Germanic languages, particularly German and Icelandic. Pronouns inflect for person, for number, and, in the third person, for gender. Much like many other Germanic languages, Bastarneian has a separate third-person reflexive pronoun se.

Pronouns beginning with 'e' are pronounced with a preceding weak palatal approximant.

Singular				Plural
Person	Direct	Oblique	Genitive	Person	Direct	Oblique	Genitive
1st	e	me	min	1st	vi	ui	unsăr
2nd (familiar)	țu	țe	țin	2nd (plural or formal sing.)	eu	zve	zvăr
3rd masculine	en	em	ei	3rd	ea	eam	eze
3rd feminine	se	ea	ezu
3rd neuter	etă		ei
3rd indefinite ("one")	mână	mân	mâini
3rd reflexive	—	se	șin	3rd reflexive	—	se	șin

Possessive pronouns

Bastarneian possessive pronouns exist in the first and second person as independently declined forms, as well as in the third person reflexive. Non-reflexive possessive pronouns do not exist in the third person, as simply the genitive form of the respective personal pronoun is used instead. Possessive pronouns differ from the simple genitive form of the personal pronoun in that they precede rather than follow the modified substantive.

Case	Number	First person
		Singular			Plural
		Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Direct	Singular	minăn	min	mină	unsărăn	unsăr	unsără
Genitive		mini		mineazui	unsări		unsăreazui
Dative		minăm		mine	unsărăm		unsăre
Direct	Plural	mine	mină	minui	unsăre	unsără	unsărui
Genitive		mineze		mineazu	unsăreze		unsăreazu
Dative		minem			unsărem

Case	Number	Second Person
		Singular			Plural
		Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Direct	Singular	ținăn	țin	țină	zvărăn	zvăr	zvără
Genitive		țini		țineazui	zvări		zvăreazui
Dative		ținăm		ține	zvărăm		zvăre
Direct	Plural	ține	țină	ținui	zvăre	zvără	zvărui
Genitive		țineze		țineazu	zvăreze		zvăreazu
Dative		ținem			zvărem

Case	Number	Third Person Reflexive
		Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Direct	Singular	șinăn	șin	șină
Genitive		șini		șineazui
Dative		șinăm		șine
Direct	Plural	șine	șină	șinui
Genitive		șineze		șineazu
Dative		șinem

Demonstrative pronouns

The demonstrative dăn carries the meaning of both this/that and of the definite article when used in place of the suffixed definite article.

Case	Demonstrative: This/That, The
	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Direct	dăn	dăt	do	dăni	do	doi
Genitive	de		dezoi	deze		dezo
Dative	dăm		deze	dem

Relative pronouns

The relative pronouns of Bastarneian are nearly identical to the demonstrative dăn, diverging only in the genitive case.

Case	Demonstrative: This/That, The
	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Direct	dăn	dăt	do	dăni	do	doi
Genitive	dezi		dezoi	dezei		dezoi
Dative	dăm		deze	dem

Interrogative pronouns

The primary interrogative pronoun in Bastarneian is qua, meaning both who and what.

Case	Interrogative: Who/What
Accusative	qua
Genitive	quai
Dative	quam

The following additional pronouns exist, declined as adjectives:

• quadăr "which"
• quelic "what kind, what sort"
• soalic "such"

Indefinite pronouns

The following additional pronouns exist.

• quăr "each"
• ianquăr "everyone"
• quăzai "whoever/whatever"
• soam "some"
• nemân "nobody"; "no-one" (declined as the indefinite pronoun mân)
• niept "nothing" (declined as a noun)