Seanesia
Republic of Seanesia Republik Sinesia | |
|---|---|
| Motto: Gemah Ripah Répéh Rapih | |
| Anthem: Kanggo Nagari | |
| Capital | Tamansari |
| Official languages | Seanesian |
| Recognised national languages | Seanesian, Galuhan |
| Recognised regional languages | Languages |
| Ethnic groups | By Race: Kawali Galuh Asuran By Nationality: Seanesian Kawanakan Songdangin Indragirian Leidense |
| Demonym(s) | Seanesian |
| Government | Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic |
• President | Ruzhanul Kamil |
• Vice President | Dede Mulyana |
• Speaker of The MMR | Asep Nurjaman |
• Chief Judiciary of the KY | Euis Komalasari |
| Population | |
• 2018 estimate | 53,294,718 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $2.5 billion |
• Per capita | $25,553 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $1.51 trillion |
• Per capita | $30,371 |
| Gini (2019) | 29.5 low |
| HDI (2019) | 0.800 very high |
| Currency | Seanesian Artos (SNA) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +22 |
| ISO 3166 code | SN |
| Internet TLD | .sn |
Seanesia, officially the Unitary State of the Republic of Seanesia or the Republic of Seanesia (Seanesian: Republik Sinesia [reˈpublik ʃɪˈnesia]), is a country in Savai, between the Majulan and Jade oceans. The sovereign state is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected parliament. It has 22 provinces, of which one have special status. Tamansari, the country's capital, is one of the most populous urban area in the world. The country shares land borders with Songdang and Timeria. With most of the population are concentrated along the coast, Seanesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity.
History of the Seanesians has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources and it's strategic location. It has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Pakuan and then later Kawali traded with Cataian dynasties and Asuran empires. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries. Irsad traders and scholars brought Irsad religion to the land,while Asuran powers brought Alydianism. Seanesia experienced a long period of Leidense colonialism that started from Huygenstad to Jubileumpark, eventually covering all of the land and it's surrounding islands. Seanesia achieved independence in 1952 following an armed and diplomatic conflict with the Leidense Republic.
Etymology
The origin of the name of Seanesia goes back to the 14th century. The term "Sean-esia" came from the name "Sin", an abbreviation of "Sinagara", the empire that united both Kawali and Galuh people. The spelling was then changed in Newreyan spelling as "Sea" in order to not misspell the "Sin" which is spelled differently in the international world. The suffix "-esia" was later added from foreign influences.
History
Early History
Although there are fossils and the remains of tools shown that the land has been inhabited by humans around 50,000 years ago, there are no exact origins of where the ancestor of current day's Seanesians came from. There are multiple theories but one theory stands as the most believable among the three. The "Out of Catai" theory, shows that Seanesians shared the same ancestry as Kawanakans in Ajerrin and Indra and Giri people from Indragiri, with a current research shows a possibility of DNA similarity between Savaians and East Cataians. Lots of language similarity between Seanesian, Kawanaka and Indragirian also strengthen this theory. The East Cataian people are believed to emigrate from the large continent to the Savai continent by various ways; the one group went to Ajerrin used a traditional ship, showing a great skill in maritime Kawanakan people have today. The second group may have gone to the southern side of the continent; being the ancestor of Indragirians. The last group is believed to have walked across the small strait between Qyred and Seanesia, when the sea level is far below the current level. Ideal agricultural conditions and the mastering of wet-field rice cultivation as early as the 8th century BCE allowed villages, towns, and small kingdoms to flourish by the first century CE. The land's strategic sea-lane position fostered inter-island and international trade, including links with East Cataian dynasties, which were established several centuries BCE. Trade has since fundamentally shaped Seanesian history. In the 7th century CE, a large Seanesian society flourished across the land. Multiple kingdoms rose and fell, with the latter left two large kingdoms; the Kawali kingdom (previously named Pakuan) and Galuh kingdom which rose in the 1100s. These two kingdom split the land into two regions; North and South. The Kawali kingdom stretches from the center to the north strait, while the Galuh kingdom stretches to the southern islets near Songdang and Timeria. These two kingdoms fought a war for almost 200 years, now known as the "Bubat War", and ended with a pact of non-aggression signed in 1312, resulting in a foundation of Sinagara dynasty by Raden Sinagara, who ruled the dynasty from 14th century to 16th century, and was the first emperor of Sinagara empire.
Colonial Era
The first regular contact between Asuran and the peoples of the Seanesia began in 1412, when Leidense traders, started to explore the globe and traded for centuries with the Sinagara dynasty. In 1602, the Leidense established the Leidense Savai Company, and in the following decades, they gained a foothold in Huygenstad (now Lebak Gede) and Jubileumpark (now Tamansari). For almost 200 years, the company was the dominant Asuran power in the continent. It was dissolved in 1800 following bankruptcy, and the Leidense established the Savai-Leidense Company as a nationalised colony.
Independence
For almost 300 years, Seanesia acted as a colony of Leidense. Oppressed, having to export the national resources (spices) with slavery across the land, both Kawali and Galuh people stood and revolted against the Leidense. The first revolt started in 1920, when a man named R.A. Kusumah worked in the colony's government and started to establish a secret-organization named "Madjelis Kasatoean Perdjoeangan Sinagara" or MKPS, spreading more revolts in Seanesia. Multiple revolts succeeded and failed, with a great loss in 1946 where the Leidense brought military forces from their home country to Seanesia, killing many of MKPS guerillas and civilians, and forced MKPS to burn down the southern area of Tamansari where MKPS barracks and armories were located, now known as the tragedy of "Api Tamansari". A turning point of the revolution sparked in 1952 where Indragiri federation sent a back up forces leading to the independence of Seanesia.
Modern Days
Since 1952, Seanesia restricted it's presidential term to 6 years, with the "50/50 Policy" where citizen's vote are used as recommendation and the incumbent president chose the next candidate from the recommendation. This resulted in every presidents came from the same party of the previous ruling president, making "Partai Berkarya" being the dominant party for almost 30 years. In the 1988, the 5th president, Tarman Hermawan, decided to eliminate the "50/50 Policy" and permanently changed the system where the new indirect election policy is applied; the ruling president is the only one having the rights to elect the candidate of the new president, as he seemed the previous policy to be "inefficient". That policy enraged the democratization community and resulted in protests over the first months of 1988, and in concert with several scandals from the government that year, demonstrators began their movement in the July, starting with a speech at the Gasibu Field in Tamansari. The movement succeeded and leaving Seanesia with an acting president, Surya Hartadi commanded the creation of "National Election Commission" or KPN, which resulted in a first direct election in the December of 1988. Later, Ateng Rosada was elected as the 6th president of Seanesia.
Geography
Seanesia is located on a peninsula located in the Northeastern Savai region of Aeia. The interior of the peninsula is mostly mountains and dense forest leading to most of the population centers being located on the coasts or in some of the less forested valleys. The highest mountain located in the southwestern part of the country is Mt. Malabar with the height of 2,343 meters. In addition to the mainland peninsula, there are seven islands on the north, on strait between the two Savai and East Catai. The capital city on Tamansari is located on the bay area of the peninsula.
Climate
Being located around the equator, Seanesia has three clasifications based on Koppen climate classification; Af (tropical rainforest climate) Am (tropical monsoon climate), and Cfa (humid subtropical climate). The Af climate is mostly spread on the southwest to southeastern part of Seanesia, or the central part of North Savai. The Af climate has a type of tropical climate in which the dry season is very short, and rainfall is normally heavy throughout the year. While the northeastern part of Seanesia where the capital lies, has the Am climate, where distinct wet and dry seasons of relatively equal duration. Most of the annual rainfall is experienced during the wet season and very little precipitation falls during the dry season. The northeastern part where Mt Malabar is located, has Cfa climate where summers are long-lasting, hot and humid, and accompanied by occasional heavy rainstorms and typhoons, while winters are short, generally warm and generally very foggy.
Environment
With most of the builds and developments are more focused in the coastal areas due to mountainous and forested interior, most of Seanesian interior is largerly untouched. National parks flourishes around the central part of the continent. Waterfalls and caverns are common, with multiple rivers flowing to the Jade ocean. The cities also have very good environmental qualities; large environmental programs were commenced in the late 1990s. Land pollution and water pollution has been taken care of, and is 70% cleaner than in the 1980s. Air pollution in the cities are also decreasing in the last 10 years.
- Tamansari Bay Area 2.jpeg
Tamansari Bay Area
- Curug Maribaya Seanesia.jpeg
Curug Maribaya in Maribaya National Park
- Carita Beach Seanesia.jpeg
Carita Beach
- Keraton Cliff Seanesia.jpeg
Keraton Cliff in Maribaya National Park
Government and Politics
Seanesia is a republic with a presidential system. As a unitary state, power is concentrated in the central government. Following the fall of Old System in 1988, political and governmental structures have undergone major reforms, with constitutional amendments revamping the executive, legislative and judicial branches.
Executive Branch
The President of Seanesia is the head of state and head of government taking control of executive branch of the republic, and also commander-in-chief of the Seanesian National Defence Forces (Soldadu Panangtayungan Nasional Sinesia , SPNS, commonly SPN), and the director of domestic governance, policy-making, and foreign affairs. The president appoints a council of ministers, who are not required to be elected members of the legislature. The president may serve a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms. The vice president, however, has the duty to assist the president on every presidential duties.
Legislative Branch
The highest representative body at national level is the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Musyawarah Rahayat, MMR). Its main functions are supporting and amending the constitution, inaugurating and impeaching the president, and formalising broad outlines of state policy. The MMR comprises two houses; the People's Representative Council (Dewan Wawakil Rahayat, DWR), with 560 members, and the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Wawakil Rahayat Daerah, DWRD), with 132 members. The DWR passes legislation and monitors the executive branch. Reforms since 1988 have markedly increased its role in national governance, while the DWRD is a new chamber for matters of regional management.
Judicial Branch
Most civil disputes appear before the State Court (Pangadilan Nagari); appeals are heard before the High Court (Pangadilan Luhur). The Supreme Court of Seanesia (Pangadilan Agung) is the country's highest court. Other courts include the Commercial Court, which handles bankruptcy and insolvency; the State Administrative Court (Pangadilan Tata Usaha Nagara) to hear administrative law cases against the government; the Constitutional Court (Pangadilan Hukum) to hear disputes concerning legality of law, general elections, dissolution of political parties, and the scope of authority of state institutions. In addition, the Judicial Commission (Komisi Yudisial) monitors the performance of judges.
Foreign Relations
Foreign Relations is conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs under the direction of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. The President and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs direct the foreign policy of the Republic. The executive branch has the most jurisdiction over foreign affairs, but the Consultative Assembly ratifies treaties and funds programs. Seanesia is currently applying for a membership in various Aeian organizations, as well as establishing embassies in multiple nations. Seanesia is also a member of The Savaian Alliance and has long-time relations with Ajerrin and Indragiri.
Military
Seanesian Defence Forces include the Army (SPN-AD), Air Force (SPN-AU), Navy (SPN-AL) and the Marine Corps (SPN-KM). The defence forces
was founded before the revolution. Previously named as Seanesian People's Armed Forces (Soldadu Rakyat Sinesia, SRS) then changed in the 1960s to Seanesian National Defence Forces (Soldadu Panangtayungan Nasional, SPN). With over 220,000 active personnel and 50,000 reserved personnel, the SPN is arguably a strong military in Aeia. The SPN often conducts military exercises with Indragiri and Ajerrin military forces, and no exception with the military force of Leidense Republic as well. The national defense takes around 0.8% of national GDP, with the highest spending focused on military equipment.
Demographics
Ethnic
The people in Seanesia are divided into few different ethnic groups. The largest ethnic group being the majority in Seanesia is the Kawali with 53% Seanesians are mostly belonged to this group. The second largest ethnic group is the Galuh, taking around 32% from the population. The remaining 15% are mostly outsiders such as the Indra and Giri people, Kawanakan, and Songdangin. The most spoken language in Seanesia is Seanesian with 98% of the population claiming it as a first language. Leidense is still spoken, but rarely used by the vast majority of people in Seanesia.
Religions
The major religions in Seanesia today are Irsad and Kawali Wiwitan. The Kawali Wiwitan was the preminent religion prior to the arrival of Irsadic traders and scholars. When the trades came they brought with them the Irsad and thus made spread the religion through local clerics, and marriage. Alydianism came later when the Asuran arrives in the 1600s. The Asurans brought their religion as well as their missionaries. Today about 72% of the population believes in Irsad, although most of the Irsad practitioners claimed they don't belong to any school, identifying themselves as "just irsad". 21% are practicing Alydianism, and the remaining 6% are made up of Kawali Wiwitan believers.
Culture
Seanesian Culture has developed from ancient times, and largely untouched by foreign influences except religious influences. Since Irsad was brought to Seanesia, the local culture assimilated the religion to its culture and thus born the Seanesian culture we see today. The language of Seanesia itself derived from the local culture and the old script is sometimes used.
Cuisine
The Seanesian food is characterized by its freshness; the famous lalab (raw vegetables salad) eaten with sambal (chilly paste) and also karedok (peanuts paste) demonstrate the Seanesian fondness for fresh raw vegetables. Similar to other ethnic groups in Savai and Yidao, Seanesian people eat rice for almost every meal. The Seanesian people like to say, "If you have not eaten rice, then you have not eaten at all." Rice is prepared in hundreds of different ways. However, it is simple steamed rice that serves as the centerpiece of all meals.
Next to steamed rice, the side dishes of vegetables, fish, or meat are added to provide variety of taste as well as for protein, mineral and nutrients. These side dishes are grilled, fried, steamed or boiled and spiced with any combination of garlic, galangal (a plant of the ginger family), turmeric, coriander, ginger, and lemon grass. The herb rich food wrapped and cooked inside banana leaf called pepes (Seanesian:pais) is popular among Seanesian people. Pepes are available in many varieties according to its ingredients; carp fish, anchovies, minced meat with eggs, mushroom, tofu or oncom.
Oncom is a popular foodstuff similar to Tempe, made from soy pulp, and fermented using mold. Usually the food itself is not too spicy, but it is served with a very hot sauce made by grinding chili peppers and garlic together. On the coast, saltwater fish are caught; in the mountains, fish tend to be either pond-raised carp or goldfish. A well-known Seanesian dish is lalapan, which consists only of raw vegetables, such as papaya leaves, cucumber, eggplant, and bitter melon.
Architecture
The architecture of a Seanesian house is characterized by its functions, simplicity, modesty, uniformity with a little details, its use of natural thatched materials, and its quite harmonic with the nature and environment.
Seanesian traditional houses mostly take basic form of gable roofed structure, commonly called kampung style roof, made of thatched materials (black fibers, kirai, palm leaves) covering wooden frames and beams, woven bamboo walls, and its structure is built on short stilts. Its roof variations might includes hip and gablet roof (combination of gable and hip roof).
Artforms
Seanesian literature was basically oral; their arts (architecture, music, dance, textiles, ceremonies, etc.) substantially preserved traditions from an earlier phase of civilization, stretching back even to the Neolithic, and never overwhelmed by foreign influences. The art and culture of Seanesian people reflect historical influences by various cultures that include pre-historic native animism and shamanism traditions, and Irsadic culture. The Seanesian have very vivid, orally-transmitted memories of the grand era of the two kingdoms. The oral tradition of Seanesia people is called Pupuh: the chant of poetic verses employed for story-telling. The Pupuh often recount Seanesian folklore and legends. The most well known and distinctive Seanesian dances are Jaipongan, a traditional social dance which is usually, but mistakenly, associated with eroticism. Other popular dances such as Merak dance describe colorful dancing peafowls. Wayang golek puppetry is the most popular wayang performance for Seanesian people. Seanesian puppetry is more influenced by Irsadic folklore.
Occupations
The traditional occupation of Seanesian people is agricultural, especially rice cultivation. Seanesian culture and tradition are usually centred around the agricultural cycle. Festivities such as the Seren Taun harvest ceremony are held in high importance. The typical Seanesian leuit (rice barn) is an important part of traditional Seanesian villages; it is held in high esteem as the symbol of wealth and welfare. Since early times, Seanesians, mostly Galuh people have predominantly been farmers. They tend to be reluctant to be government officers or legislators.
Next to agriculture, Seanesian people, mostly Kawali people, often choose business and trade to make a living, such as opening a travelling food or drink vendors, establishing modest warung (food stall) or restaurants, as the vendor of daily consumer's goods or open a modest barber shop. Their affinity for establishing and running small-scale entrepreneurship is most likely contributed by Seanesian tendency to be independent, carefree, egalitarian, individualistic and optimistic. Their entrepreneurship led to this day's large-but-down-to-earth Seanesian companies, with Kawali people as the directors or key peoples.
Nevertheless, there are numbers of Kawali and Galuh people that successfully carved their career as intellectuals or politicians in national politics, government offices and military positions.