Haydag language

Mokhavian
Moshkhani, Khokhtian
Мохшали нен
Pronunciation	[mɔx.ʃa.li nɛn]
Native to	Qazhshava
Region	Southern Thuadia
Ethnicity	Mokhavics
Native speakers	L1: - L2: -
Language family	Paleo-Qazhshavan Proto-Mokhavic Mokhavian
Standard forms	Mezhian
Dialects	Northern Hill Southern Hill (Mezhian) Meadow Transmountain Anravy-Basil Nashean
Writing system	Govoric
Official status
Official language in	Qazhshava
Recognised minority language in	Riamo Republic of Gomaya City of Nashe
Language codes
ISO 639-1	mh
ISO 639-2	mkh
ISO 639-3	mkh

The Mokhavian language is the widely spoken of it's family, called Mokhavic, and the official language of the nation of Qazhshava. It is an ancient Thuadian tounge with no known ancestral conection to the surrounding Thuado-Thrismaran languages.

Classification

As of yet, any attempts to link the Mokhavian languages to any other languages in the world have failed, altough some still believe its a very old relative to the Thuado-Thrismaran languages, which is only backed up by similar features which have been speculated and some proven to have come due to influence from said languages, and some reconstructed-proto words and existign root words that seem to have been borrowod from early forms of the slavic and germanic languages.

Dialects

The standart form of the Mokhavian language is based on the mezhian dialect, also known as the Southern Hill dialect.

History

TBA

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	glottal
Nasal		m		n		(ɲ)
Plosive	voiceless	p	t				k
	voiced	b	d				ɣ (ɡ)
Affricate	voiceless			t̬͡s	t̬͡ʃ
	voiced
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	ʃ		x~h
	voiced	v		z	ʒ
Aproximant	voiced	w		l		j (ʎ)
Tap & Trill	voiced			ɾ

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Close-Mid		ɤ
Open-Mid	ɛ	ɔ
Open	a~ɑ

Stress

Stress in Mokhavian is pretty weak, there is no set rules to it and linguists disagree as to where stress occurs in words.

Writing System

Mokhavian is written using the Govoric script, which was adopted around the 11th century, and used ever sence
Govoric version:

А а	Ӑ ӑ	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ж ж	З з
И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м	Н н	О о	П п	Р р
С с	Т т	У у	Ў ў	Ф ф	Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ш ш
Ы ы	Ь ь	Ю ю	Я я

However the government adapted a standartized Romanized form of the script in the late 20th century
Romanized version:

А а	Ӑ ӑ	B b	C c	Č č	D d	E e	F f	G g
H h	I i	J j	K k	L l	M m	N n	O o	P p
Q q	R r	S s	Š š	T t	U u	V v	W w	X x
Y y	Z z	Ž ž

Detailed table

Bruh	Name	IPA	Romanized
А а	а	/a/	a	/ɐ/ when reduced.
Ӑ ӑ	ӑ	/ɤ/	ă	/ə/ when reduced.
Б б	бӑ	/b/	b
В в	вӑ	/v/	v
Г г	гӑ	/ɣ/,/ɡ/	g	Usually by 2L speakers, foreing loanwords, and in some dialects, it gets pronoucned as /ɡ/.
Д д	дӑ	/d/	d
Е е	е	/ɛ/	e	/e~ɪ/ when reduced.
Ж ж	жӑ	/ʒ/	ž
З з	зӑ	/z/	z
И и	и	/i/	i
Й й	йӑ	/j/	y	It's used only as a first letter, when it appears after a vowel.
К к	кӑ	/k/	k
Л л	лӑ	/l/	l	In some dialects it can get pronounced /w/ after vowels.
М м	мӑ	/m/	m
Н н	нӑ	/n/	n
О о	о	/ɔ/	o
П п	пӑ	/p/	p
Р р	рӑ	/ɾ/, /r/	r
С с	сӑ	/s/	s
Т т	тӑ	/t/	t
У у	у	/u/	u
Ў ў	ўӑ	/w/	w
Ф ф	фӑ	/f/	f
х х	хӑ	/x~h/	h
Ц ц	цӑ	/t̬͡s/	c	The language dosen't distinguish voiced/unvoiced versions of /t͡s~d͡z/ & /t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ/, instead the value of the sound is often determied by the previous sound, if it's voiceless or a vowel the affricate is also voiceless, if its voiced, then the affricate is voiced too, but it the voiceness dosen't matter in practice.
Ч ч	чӑ	/t̬͡ʃ/	č
Ш ш	шӑ	/ʃ/	š
Ы ы	ӑ-паль, и-грек	/ɤ/	y	Only in loanwords.
Ь ь	йӑ-паль	/◌ʲ/	y	Used only after consonants, except in conbination with 'У у' for the govoric version of 'W w'.
Ю ю	ю	/ju/	yu
Я я	я	/ja/,/ɛ/	ya/е	In some dialects it geats read as /ɛ/ when its between consonants.
Ль ль	льӑ	/ʎ/	ly
Нь нц	ньӑ	/ɲ/	ny
Кь кь	Кю	/kʷ/,/kʲ/,/c/	q	Only in foreign words. /kʷ/ after every vowel except ⟨i⟩ & ⟨e⟩, where its /kʲ/.
Кс кс	икс	/k͡s/	x	Only in foreign words

Braille

Аа - a	Ӑӑ - ӑ	Бб - b	Вв - v	Гг - g	Дд - d	Ее - e	Жж - ž
Зз - z	Ии - i	Йй - y1	Кк - k	Лл - l	Мм - m	Нн - n	Оо - o
Пп - p	Рр - r	Сс - s	Тт - t	Уу - u	Ўў - w	Фф - f	Хх - h
Цц - c	Чч - č	Шш - š	Ыы - y2	Ьь - y3	Юю - yu	Яя - ya

Keyboard layout

TBA

Grammar

Syllable structure

Mokhavian's syllable structure is classed as complex.

• (C)(C)V(C2)(S)
• S - /s/, /ʃ/, (/f/)
• if C2 is a consonant of the (S) class, then the (S) consonant can be a stop

Morphology

Mokhavian is generally an agglutinative language, there are many suffixes going into a verb, for example 'йорхелӑчкемеченой' (we wern't going to drink it), the verb can be broken down into parts 'йор-хе-лӑ-чкем-еч-ен-ой' . Each morpheme here contributes to the meaning of the verb tense or the person who has performed the verb.

Number & Articles

Mokhavian has 2 numbers; Singular and Plural

Plurality
Multisyllabic	Monosyllabic
-(т)aр -(t)ar	-(т)ӑби -(t)ӑbi

Mokhavian also has only a definite article

	Defenitiness
	Type1	Type2
Sing.	-(т)и -(t)i	-я -ya
Plur.	-тфи -tfi

Inflection

Mokhavian has a very high count of noun cases, that being 20 (listed below), most of these being motion and location cases,

Case Name	Suffix	Question Words	Example
Nominative	-	мо, рo (who, what; subject)	чам (a man; subject)
Genitive	-(и)с	мос, рос (whose, what's)	чамис (of a man)
Dative	-(а)по	мопо, ропо (to whom, to what/why)	чамапо (to a man)
Accusative	-(а)иц	моц, роц (whom, what; object)	чамиц (a man; object)
Instrumental	-(а)но	моно, роно (with who, with what)	чамано (with a man)
Comitative	-мах	момах, ромах (with whom, with what)	чаммах (with a man)
Comparative	-бча	мобча, робча (like who, like what/how)	чамбча (like a man)
Inessive	-(а)ш	мош, рош (in who,/what)	чамаш (in a man)
Adessive	-ка	мока, рока (neer who, neer what)	чамка (neer a man)
Postessive	-(а)зи	мози, рози (Behind who,/what)	чамази (Behind a man)
Superessive	-(v)ма	мома, рома (On top of who,/what)	чамма (on top of a man)
Subessive	-сен	мосен, росен (Under of who,/what)	чамсен (under a man)
Allative	-ле	моле, роле (towards who, where to)	чамле (towards a man)
Ablative	-сао	мосао, росао, мсао (from who,/what/where)	чамсао (from a man)
Lative	-ахк	моахк, роахк (into who,/what)	чамахк (into a man)
Elative	-епе	моепе, роепе (Out of who,/what)	чамепе (out of a man)
Benefactial	-й/ижба	моижба, роижба (for who,/what)	чамижба (for a man)
Vocative	-/о,-е	-	чаме (man/dude!)
Adjective	-(а)в	роав (like what-adj)	чамав (manly -adj)
Adverbial	-дӑл	радӑл (how-adv)	чамдӑл (manly -adv)

Mokhavian uses Comparison forms of Adjectives and Adverbs:

• Positive - Bassic form of the word- happy - ахчив
• Negative - Negation of the word - unhappy - юахчив
• Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - happier - мпеахчив
• Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - happiest - амшахчив
• Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - амбахчив

Pronouns

Mokhavian has a high number of inflected pronouns due to the number of cases it has.

			Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acu.	Ins.	Com.	Compr.	Ine.	Ade.	Poste.	Supe.	Sube	All.	Abl.	Lat.	Ela.	Bene.	Voc.	Adj.	Adv.
Singular	First		ме	мейс	ми	йеmц	мено	мемах	менле	мейш	мека	мези	мема	мепша	меле	месао	мехк	мепе	мейжба	-	мейв	мейдӑл
	Second		шен	шес	ше	шейц	шено	шемах	шенле	шейш	шека	шези	шема	шепша	шеле	шесао	шехк	шепе	шейжба	ши!	шев	шедӑл
	Third	proximal	ой	ойс	йо	ойц	ойно	оймах	ойнле	ойш	ойка	ойзи	ойма	ойпша	ойле	ойсао	ойхк	ойпе	ойжба	-	ойв	ойдӑл
		distal	ая	аяс	айо	айц	аяно	аямах	аянле	аяш	аяка	аязи	аяма	аяпша	аяле	аясао	аяхк	аяпе	аяйжба	-	аяв	аявдӑл
Plural	First		чен	ченaс	че		ченно	ченмах	ченнле	ченaш	ченка	чензи	ченма	ченпша	ченле	ченсао	ченахк	ченпе	ченижба	-	ченав	чендӑл
	Second		смен	сменaс	сме		сменно	сменмах	сменнле	сменaш	сменка	смензи	сменма	сменпша	сменле	сменсао	сменахк	сменпе	сменижба	сме!	сменав	смендӑл
	Third	proximal	они	онис	нийо	ониц	онино	онимах	онинле	ониш	оника	онизи	онима	онипша	ониле	онисао	онихк	онипе	онийжба	-	онив	онидӑл
		distal	ана	анас	анао	анац	анано	анамах	ананле	анаш	анака	анази	анама	анапша	анале	анасао	анахк	анапе	анайжба	-	анав	анавдӑл
Self			тоф	тофaс	то		тофно	тофмах	тофнле	тофaш	тофка	тофзи	тофма	тофпша	тофле	тофсао	тофахк	тофпе	тофижба	-	тофав	тофдӑл

Instead of using an auxiliary word for am/are/is the language instead has contracted forms of the pronouns and the word be

			Past		Present		Future		Future in the past
			-was	-NEG.was	-be	-NEG.be	-will.be	-NEG.will.be	-was.going.to	-NEG.was.going.to
Singular	First		тех	ютех	вам	ювам	лум	юлум	хелум	юхелум
	Second		цех	юцех	ци	юци	луц	юлуц	хелуц	юхелуц
	Third	proximal	ех	йех	ар	уюр	лу	юлу	хелу	юхелу
		distal
Plural	First		чех	ючех	веч	ювеч	луч	юлуч	хелуч	юхелуч
	Second		смех	юсмех	вемс	ювемс	лумс	юлумс	хелумс	юхелумс
	Third	proximal	сех	юсех	сер	юсер	лус	юлус	хелус	юхелус
		distal

The language also uses possessive sufixes, one could say my dog and another dog-my, the only diference being that using a pronoun brings more emphasis to it.

			Suffix	Example
Singular	First		-й/им	кичим (my dog)
	Second		-й/иш	кичиш (your dog - sin.)
	Third	Proximal	-(и)йо	кичийо (his/her dog)
		Distal	-й/ия	кичия (his/her dog)
Plural	First		-е/ен	кичен (our dog)
	Second		-(е)сен	кичесен (your dog - plr)
	Third	Proximal	-(и)йоч	кичийоч (their dog)
		Distal	-й/ияч	кичияйч (their dog)

Verbs

Tenses

Mokhavian dosen't have conjunctions, if a verb dosen't fit into the template a filler affix -и- is incerted, and in the
бод - walk

Mood	Person	Number	Past		Present	Future		Future in the past
			Simple	Perfect	Simple	Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect
Indicative	1st	Singular	бодвади	бодкфади	бодва	бодвани	бодкфани	брабодвани	брабодкфани
		Plural	бодчади	бодбчади	бодча	бодчани	бодбчани	брабодчани	брабодбчани
	2nd	Singular	бодсди	боджди	бодс	бодсани	бодждани	храбодсани	храбодждани
		Plural	бодсемди	бодмзди	бодсем	бодсмани	бодмздани	храбодсмани	храбодмздани
	3d	Singular	бодиди	боддади	боди	бодини	боддни	залбодини	залбоддни
		Plural	боднди	боддинди	бодни	сбодно	сбоддини	залбодно	залбоддини
Imperative	All	Singular			бодчи	бодчти
		Plural			бодчат	бодчтат

Direction

Mokhavian has a Polypersional agreement where a verb contains both the body doing the action and the body expiriencing the action.

		Prefix	Example
Self	Singular	то-	тобцесва (i drank myself - "i got drunk")
	Plural		тобцесча (we drank ourselves - "we got drunk")
2s	Singular	ши-	шимовади (i hit you)
	Plural	мсе-	мсемовади (i hit you)
3s	Singular	и-	ипсесди (you hit him/her)
	Plural	ай-	айпсесди (you hit them)

Negatoin

For negation the prefix "ю(р)-" is added in singular, for example ибцесва(i drank it) and 'юрибцесва' (i didn't drank it).

Infinite

In Mokhavian there is the infinite prefix 'де-', for example: тоdeбцесва ((me) to get drunk)

Template

basic Noun Template
Comparison	Noun	Plurality	Possessive suffix	Case suffix	Definite article

basic Verb Template
Negation prefix	Direction prefix	Infinite prefix	(Tense prefix)	Stem	Tense/person/number	Question suffix

Synatx

Mokhavian is a pro-drop SOV~OVS language where possessees come before possessors, adjectives before nouns and it has postpositions.

Example of pro-drop:

• ме ше мекьева - i love you
• шимекьева - i love you

Questions

Yes or No Questions

To form yes or no questions the suffix -(а)ка is used: for example "did i drink" - бцесвака

Interrogatives

Mokhavian	English
ро роц	what?
мо моц	who?
рамдо	how much/many
рое	which
робча	how
тао	why
мао	where
мой	when

Vocabulary

Mokhavian uses a word-derivation system. By using a root, and adding some definite prefixes, suffixes and conbining words, one can derive many nouns and adjectives from the root. For example, from the root -мохш-, the following words can be derived: Мохшац (a Mokhavian person), Мохшали (the Mokhavian language) and Амохшфети (Mokhavia/Qazhshava), also сўан (word) + ача (book/read) becomes сўаняча (dictionary).

Numerals

The Mokhavian numberal system is decimal.

Cardinal numbers

	Mokhavian	Lakhian	Zal	Tghok
1	Цех	-	-	-
2	Кер	-	-	-
3	Сем	-	-	-
4	Ошт	-	-	-
5	Боўг	-	-	-
6	Алш	-	-	-
7	Швен	-	-	-
8	Рор	-	-	-
9	Цхет	-	-	-
10	Ен	-	-	-
11	Енцехсен	-	-	-
12	Енкерсен	-	-	-
13	Енсемсен	-	-	-
14	Еноштсен	-	-	-
15	Енбоўгсен	-	-	-
20	Керен	-	-	-
21	Керенцехсен	-	-	-
30	Семен	-	-	-
40	Оштен	-	-	-
50	Боўген	-	-	-
60	Алшен	-	-	-
70	Швенен	-	-	-
80	Рорен	-	-	-
90	Цхетен	-	-	-
100	Ошӑр	-	-	-
101	Ошӑр де цех	-	-	-
102	Ошӑр де кер	-	-	-
110	Ошӑр де ен	-	-	-
200	Керошӑр	-	-	-
500	Боўгошӑр	-	-	-
1000	Витӑш	-	-	-
1999	Витӑш цхетшӑр де цхетенцхетсен	-	-	-
2000	Кервитӑш	-	-	-
10000	Енвитӑш	-	-	-

Ordinal numbers

In mokhavian the circumfix

Mokhavian	Lakhian	Zal	Tghok
ту-NUMBER-не	--NUMBER--	--NUMBER--	--NUMBER--

	Mingrelian	Laz	Georgian	Svan
1st	Мартане	-	-	-
2nd	Тукерне	-	-	-
3rd	Тусемне	-	-	-
4th	Туоштне	-	-	-
5th	Тубоўгане	-	-	-

Language example

TBA