Toro Main Battle Tank

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Toro Main Battle Tank
T50MBT.jpg
TypeMain battle tank
Place of origin Luminerra
Service history
In service1950 - 1981
Used bySee Users
Production history
DesignerCalvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A
Designed1944 - 1949
ManufacturerCalvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A
Produced1951 - 1975
VariantsSee variants
Specifications
Weight47.2 tonnes
Length7.8 m (hull)
10.3 m (including gun)
Width3.4 m
3.91 m (applique armor)
Height3.1 m
Passengers4

ArmorGlass-reinforced plastic sandwiched between layers of steel
Third generation composite armor (Steel composite blend), modular armor packages
Main
armament
Original design: Munizioni Reali C-9051 90 mm cannon
Toro A and forward: Munizioni Reali C-105/59 mm cannon
Secondary
armament
2 x Calvano Armi Leggere S.p.A M-1944C coaxial 7.35×51 mm machine gun with 2,000, second M-1944 pintle-mounted machine gun on the commanders station.
Toro C and D: 1 x MGMAC 50 7.5x54 mm mm machine gun with 2,000 rounds, second <> pintle-mounted machine gun on the commanders station
EngineMVGD E-75 V-12 turbocharged multi-fuel diesel engine
630 hp
TransmissionAutomatic (4 forward, 2 reverse)
Ground clearance0.4 m
Fuel capacity850 L
Operational
range
350 km
SpeedOn-road: 55 km/h
Off-road: 32 km/h


The Toro Main Battle Tank is a main battle tank designed and produced by Calvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A of Luminerra for use by the Lumenic Army. In service from 1951 until the later stages of the Omandan Continental War when it was replaced by the less capable Mangusta Main Battle Tank, which sought to overcome the advanced armaments of Order of Soviet Socialist Republics by sacrificing armor protection for speed, maneuverability, and a main armament able to destroy Soviet armored vehicles.

History and design

Operational History

Variants

  • Toro: Original production version of the Toro, equipped with a Munizioni Reali C-9051 90 mm cannon.
  • Toro A: Toro model with the M-1944C coaxial 7.35×51 mm machine gun replaced by a ARO CAPA.2038 20 mm cannon. These were converted back to machine guns on the Toro C, using the MGMAC 50 7.5x54 mm machine gun over the older M-1944 design.
  • Toro B: 1959 upgrade which saw the 90 mm Munizioni Reali C-9051 replaced with a heavier Munizioni Reali C-105/59 mm cannon.
  • Toro C: 1970 upgrade for the Toro B replacing the existing engine with a new MVGD E-75 V-12 turbocharged multi-fuel diesel engine. In addition, the 20 mm ARO CAPA.2038 20 mm cannons were removed and replaced with the MGMAC 50 7.5x54 mm general purpose machine guns.

See also