User:Native Qazh/Sandbox5
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Kamak | |
---|---|
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Kamak Islands |
Ethnicity | Kamaks |
Latin Cyrillic | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | sibilant | lateral | plain | labial | plain | labial | ||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | t͡s̻ ⟨c⟩ | t͡ɬ ⟨tlh⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | kʷ ⟨kw⟩ | |||
ejective | pʼ ⟨pʼ⟩ | tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩ | t͡s̻ʼ ⟨cʼ⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩ | kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩ | kʼʷ ⟨kwʼ⟩ | ||||
Fricative | plain | s̻ ⟨s⟩ | ɬ ⟨l⟩ | x ⟨x⟩ | xʷ ⟨xw⟩ | χ ⟨xh⟩ | χʷ ⟨xhw⟩ | |||
voiced | ʁ~ɣ ⟨g⟩ | ʁʷ~ɣʷ ⟨gw⟩ | ||||||||
Sonorant | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ | |||||
Trill/Tap | ɾ~r ⟨r⟩ |
- Plain plosives/affricates vary between voiced, semi-voiced, voiceless and aspirated (allophonic and depending on the speaker)
Vowels
Front | Central | back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ⟨i⟩ | ɨ̞ ⟨ĕ⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |
Mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | ɤ ⟨ă⟩ | o ⟨o⟩ |
Open | a ⟨a⟩ |
Writing System
class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
class="wikitable sortable"
class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
Cyrillic | Latin | Name | IPA | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
A a | A a | /a/ | ||
Б б | B b | /b~p/ | ||
В в | V v | /w~v/ | ||
Г г | G g | /ɣ~ʁ/ | ||
Гў гў | Gw gw | /ʁʷ~ɣʷ/ | ||
Д д | D d | /d~t/ | ||
Е е | E e | /ɛ/ | ||
Ж ж | Zh zh | /z̻~s̻/ | ||
З з | Z z | /z̻~s̻/ | ||
И и | I i | /i/ | ||
Й й | Y y | /j/ | ||
К к | K k | /k/ | ||
Кў кў | Kw kw | /kʷ/ | ||
К' к' | K' k' | /kʼ/ | ||
Кў' кў' | Kw' kw' | /kʼʷ/ | ||
Л л | L l | /l/ | ||
Лъ лъ | Lh lh | /ɬ/ | ||
М м | M m | /m/ | ||
Н н | N n | /n/ | ||
О о | O o | /o/ | ||
П п | P p | /p/ | ||
П' п' | P' p' | /pʼ/ | ||
Р р | R r | /ɾ~r/ | ||
С с | S s | /s̻/ | ||
Т т | T t | /t/ | ||
Т' т' | T' t' | /tʼ/ | ||
Тлъ тлъ | Tlh tlh | /t͡ɬ/ | ||
Тлъ' тлъ' | Tlh' tlh' | /t͡ɬʼ/ | ||
У у | U u | /u/ | ||
Ў ў | W w | /w/ | ||
Ф ф | F f | /p~f/ | ||
Х х | X x | /x/ | ||
Хў хў | Xw xw | /xʷ/ | ||
Хъ хъ | Xh xh | /χ/ | ||
Хъў хъў | Xhw xhw | /χʷ/ | ||
Ц ц | C c | /t͡s̻/ | ||
Ц' ц' | C' c' | /t͡s̻ʼ/ | ||
Ч ч | Ch ch | /t͡s̻/ | ||
Ш ш | Sh sh | /s̻/ | ||
Ъ ъ | H h* | |||
Ы ы | Ĕ ĕ | /ɨ̞/ | ||
Ӹ ӹ | Ă ă | /ɤ/ | ||
Ь ь | Y y | /◌j/ | ||
Ю ю | Yu yu | /ju/ | ||
Я я | Ya ya | /ja/ |
Grammar
Syntax
SVO (SOV when O is a pronoun) noun like adjectives possessee - possessor adjective - noun prepossitions
Pronouns
Nom | Dat | Gen | Acc | Ins | Loc | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | |||||||
Second | ||||||||
Third | Proximal | |||||||
Distal | ||||||||
Plural | First | |||||||
Second | ||||||||
Third | Proximal | |||||||
Distal |
Nouns
Number
Case
Case | Word | Example | Question |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | |||
Dative | |||
Genetive | |||
Accusitive | |||
Instrumental | |||
Locative |
Adjectives and Adverbs
Verbs
"to be"
Tense, Aspect, Mood
Person
Direction
Questions
Derivation
Affix | Used to create: | Example(s) |
---|---|---|
- | agents from verbs/nouns | |
- | collective nouns | |
- | adjectives/adverbs from nouns/verbs | |
- | adjectives indicating the lack of something | |
- | nouns from adjectives | |
- | diminutives of nouns | |
- | augmentatives of nouns | |
- | locations (places related to the stem) | |
- | inhabitants (of places) | |
- | decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives) | |
- | decendents (child of) | |
- | languages/dialects |