User:Native Qazh/Sandbox5
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Kamak | |
---|---|
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Kamak Islands |
Ethnicity | Kamaks |
Cyrillic Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | sibilant | lateral | ||||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiced | b ⟨b⟩ | d ⟨d⟩ | d͡z̻ ⟨j⟩ | ɡ ⟨g⟩ | |||
voiceless | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | t͡s̻ ⟨c⟩ | t͡ɬ ⟨tlh⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | |||
ejective | pʼ ⟨pʼ⟩ | tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩ | t͡s̻ʼ ⟨cʼ⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩ | kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩ | |||
Fricative | voiced | z̻ ⟨z⟩ | ʁ~ɣ ⟨gh⟩ | |||||
voiceless | s̻ ⟨s⟩ | ɬ ⟨lh⟩ | x ⟨x⟩ | χ ⟨xh⟩ | ||||
Sonorant | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ | |||
Trill/Tap | ɾ~r ⟨r⟩ |
- Plain plosives/affricates vary between voiced, semi-voiced, voiceless and aspirated (allophonic and depending on the speaker)
Vowels
Front | Central | back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ⟨i⟩ | ɨ̞ ⟨ĕ⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |
Mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | ɤ ⟨ă⟩ | o ⟨o⟩ |
Open | a ⟨a⟩ |
Writing System
Cyrillic | Latin | Name | IPA | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
A a | A a | a | /a/ | |
Б б | B b | бӹ, bă | /b~p/ | Only in foregin words. |
В в | V v | вӹ, vă | /w~v/ | Only in foregin words. |
Г г | G g | гӹ, gă | /ɣ~ʁ/ | |
Гў гў | Gw gw | Гўӹ, гwă | /ʁʷ~ɣʷ/ | |
Д д | D d | дӹ, dă | /d~t/ | Only in foregin words. |
Е е | E e | e | /ɛ/ | |
Ж ж | Zh zh | жӹ, zhă | /z̻~s̻/ | Only in foregin words. |
З з | Z z | зӹ, ză | /z̻~s̻/ | Only in foregin words. |
И и | I i | и, i | /i/ | |
Й й | Y y | /j/ | As first letter of a word, or after a vowel. | |
К к | K k | кӹ, kă | /k/ | |
Кў кў | Kw kw | кўӹ, kwă | /kʷ/ | |
К' к' | K' k' | к'ӹ, k'ă | /kʼ/ | |
Кў' кў' | Kw' kw' | кў'ӹ, kw'ă | /kʼʷ/ | |
Л л | L l | лӹ, lă | /l/ | |
Лъ лъ | Lh lh | лъӹ, lhă | /ɬ/ | |
М м | M m | мӹ, mă | /m/ | |
Н н | N n | нӹ, nă | /n/ | |
О о | O o | о | /o/ | |
П п | P p | пӹ, pă | /p/ | |
П' п' | P' p' | п'ӹ, p'ă | /pʼ/ | |
Р р | R r | рӹ, ră | /ɾ~r/ | |
С с | S s | сӹ, să | /s̻/ | |
Т т | T t | тӹ, tă | /t/ | |
Т' т' | T' t' | т'ӹ, t'ă | /tʼ/ | |
Тлъ тлъ | Tlh tlh | тлъӹ, tlhă | /t͡ɬ/ | |
Тлъ' тлъ' | Tlh' tlh' | тлъ'ӹ, tlh'ă | /t͡ɬʼ/ | |
У у | U u | у, u | /u/ | |
Ў ў | W w | /w/ | ||
Ф ф | F f | фӹ, fă | /p~f/ | Only in foregin words. |
Х х | X x | хӹ, xă | /x/ | |
Хў хў | Xw xw | хўӹ, xwă | /xʷ/ | |
Хъ хъ | Xh xh | хъӹ, xhă | /χ/ | |
Хъў хъў | Xhw xhw | хъўӹ, xhwă | /χʷ/ | |
Ц ц | C c | цӹ, că | /t͡s̻/ | |
Ц' ц' | C' c' | ц'ӹ, c'ă | /t͡s̻ʼ/ | |
Ч ч | Ch ch | чӹ, chă | /t͡s̻/ | Only in foregin words. |
Ш ш | Sh sh | шӹ, shă | /s̻/ | Only in foregin words. |
Ъ ъ | H h* | Used in digraphs, no sound value on it's own. | ||
Ы ы | Ĕ ĕ | /ɨ̞/ | ||
Ӹ ӹ | Ă ă | /ɤ/ | ||
Ь ь | Y y | /◌j/ | Used after consonants. | |
Ю ю | Yu yu | ю, yu | /ju/ | |
Я я | Ya ya | я, ya | /ja/ |
Grammar
Syntax
SVO (SOV, when O is a shorterned pronoun) noun like adjectives possessee - possessor adjective - noun prepossitions
Pronouns
Nom | Dat | Gen | Acc | Via | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | ||||||
Second | |||||||
Third | |||||||
Plural | First | Inclusive | |||||
Exclusive | |||||||
Second | |||||||
Third |
Nouns
Number
Number | Affix | Example |
---|---|---|
Singular | - | |
Plural | - |
Case
Case | Word | Example | Question |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | |||
Dative | |||
Genetive | |||
Accusitive | |||
Vialis |
Adjectives and Adverbs
Verbs
Copula
Present | Imperative | Future | Past Imperfect |
Aorist | Resultative participle | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | |||||||
Second | ||||||||
Third | ||||||||
Plural | First | |||||||
Second | ||||||||
Third |
Tense, Aspect, Mood
Person
Direction
Questions
Derivation
Affix | Used to create: | Example(s) |
---|---|---|
- | agents from verbs/nouns | |
- | collective nouns | |
- | adjectives/adverbs from nouns/verbs | |
- | adjectives indicating the lack of something | |
- | nouns from adjectives | |
- | diminutives of nouns | |
- | augmentatives of nouns | |
- | locations (places related to the stem) | |
- | inhabitants (of places) | |
- | decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives) | |
- | decendents (child of) |