Wihda Khatti Unification War |
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Members of the Ibn Muzahir Resistance Committee near Umm az Zaytun |
Date | 8 November 1958 – 26 January 1983 (24 years and 79 days) |
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Location | |
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Result |
Unification of Zubaydah
- Decolonialization of the Agoanatolian Subcontinent
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Belligerents |
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Crown Colony of Qusayr Suwaydah Sultanat Emirate of Balqis Democratic Republic of Bouarej State of Fahel Republic of Ruhaybah Republic of Jamlah Union of Hamid and Zahraa Emirate of Abtin Mankhalla Imamate |
Qusayri Republic People's Popular Resistence Committees
Republic of Ruhaybah (1963-1965) |
Popular Resistence Front
Ansarullah Jaysh al-Mudzhill Halk Oppozisiýa Goşuny HOD-EK Katibat Haras Tabaria Jaysh al-Gharb al-Rasulii |
Commanders and leaders |
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William Henry Phayre Sultan Ikhtiyar al-Din ibn Mua'dh Emir Taufiq al-Bahlol ibn Faheem President Ifraym Manqabadi Idris al-Otayf President Mustafa Bekir Silah (1965-1977) Julyat Talhouni Abdul Mukhlis Taajwar Emir Musa Safniya ibn Waqr al-Zahyr al-Za'ab Imam Abdullah Awad al-Mueaqly |
Hussayn al-Baqir ibn Ka'b Naqbiyli Hidayatullah Bettayeb Riyadh al-Alusi Amr al-Dawsi Sa'ad Abdul Qadir Zoubi Julaybib ibn Wahb al-Shalhoub Nauym al-Hilaliyyah Bursuq al-Athar (1963-1965) |
Muhammad Ziryab al-Badr Masruq al-Mubarak Anjum Othman al-Qaa'id Ra'uf Abu Sabiq Talib al-Farrukh Saadeddin Chadirji Azad Ali Malmîsanij Nasrallah Bashir Saad Symeon Abbas |
Strength |
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Total troops: 560,000 |
Total troops 650,000 275,000 at peak |
75,000 |
Casualties and losses |
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97,900 KIA 271,000 WIA and POW |
142,000 Killed in Action 376,000 WIA |
18,700 KIA |
Civilian Dead: 275,000+ |
The Wihda was an armed conflict between Nationalist forces led by the Qusayri Republic and numerous khatti states on the Agoanatolian Subcontinent. In Zubaydi nationalist historiography the conflict is considered to have started after the murder of Saadallah al-Ashari and the start of the Qusayr Emergency in 1958. The conflict lasted from the Qusayr Emergency until the signing of the Marj al-Sultan Accords between Ruhaybah, Mankhalla, Abtin, and Qusayr.
The conflict was conducted based on the ideological goals of the Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy which spearheaded the Khatti insurgency in Qusayr. Hussayn al-Baqir ibn Ka'b Naqbiyli would bolster the growing nationalist militancy movement during the Cassette Revolution where he would distribute religious sermons via RCA tape cartridge and then later by cassette tape. Nationalist forces would invade the Suwaydah Sultanate and Balqis. Between 1963 and 1968 the Thulathi would control the Qusayri Republic, with the invasion of Fahel the Thulathi would expel Bettayeb, that next year the Toilers Revolution and the attempted coup by al-Alusi would fail, leaving Naqbiyli as the sole leader of the Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy.
in 1973 Qusayri forces would conduct the Highland Campaign with the intent of invading and taking over Abtin, Hamid and Zahraa, Ruhaybah, and Jamlah. The invasion would devastate the local economies of the region and led to increased regional instability. major battles in Deir al-Nasraniy, Koysin, and Baykufteh led to large losses on all sides. The conflict would end in 1983 after the signing of the Marj al-Sultan Accords which formally incorporated the last remaining states into Qusayr.
Background
Crown Colony of Qusayr
Abtin
Other Khatti States
Qusayr Emergency and the Suwaydah Insurgency
Cassette Revolution
Invasion of Balqis and War in the South
Invasion of Fahel and the Toilers Revolution
Insurgencies in the North
Highland Campaign
War with Abtin and Mankhalla
Fall of Deir al-Nasraniyy and the Marj al-Sultan Accords
Aftermath
Casualties
Economic Situation
Science and Technology
Post-War Insurgency
Popular Support
War Crimes Trials
Qusayri use of WMDs
Foreign Involvement
Cultural Impact