Tyrnica

Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica Väldig-Königreich Týrland (Tyrnican)
Flag Coat of Arms
Motto:  "Wegen Der Kälde Erlangen Stärke" "Through The Cold Comes Strength"
Anthem: März des Nordens "March of the North"
Location of Tyrnica
Capital	Vovaya Kronor
Largest city	Stierstandt
Official languages	Tyrnican
Recognised regional languages	Vervillien, Karmínov
Demonym(s)	Tyrnican
Government	Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy
• Monarch	Frederick IV Vönigkrein
• Prime Minister	Kristen Lehmann
Legislature	Rechtzuhör
• Upper house	Chamber of the King’s Council
• Lower house	Chamber of the People’s Representatives
Establishment
• Founding of Velcalår	October 463 BCE
• Reunification	25 May 1106
• Blockade of Audrache	3 January 1689
• Valschaffën Act	8 June 1783
Area
•	7,448,264 km2 (2,875,791 sq mi)
• Water (%)	18.8
Population
• 2018 census	62,112,898
• Density	8.33/km2 (21.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2018 estimate
• Total	$3.722 trillion
• Per capita	$59,923
GDP (nominal)	2018 estimate
• Total	$3.814 trillion
• Per capita	$61,404
Gini (2018)	27.3 low
HDI (2018)	0.943 very high
Currency	Tyrnican Mark (TYK)
Time zone	UTC+1 to +3 (various)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 to +4 (various)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy (CE)
Driving side	left
Calling code	+07
ISO 3166 code	TYR
Internet TLD	.tr and .kn

Tyrnica (/tɜrnɪkɑː/; Tyrnican: Týrland, pronounced /tɪərleɪnd/), officially the Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica (Tyrnican: Väldig-Königreich Týrland) but also known as the North and the Kingdom of the North, is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy located in Levilion. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by Blayk and Vervillia, on the east by a series of Eastern Continental states and on the south by several alpine nations. Tyrnica is a federation comprised of eighteen constituent provinces within 7,448,264 square kilometres, and possesses a population of 62,112,898. The legislative and royal capital rests within Vovaya Kronor, the nation's second largest urban centre following the city of Stierstandt. Other major cities include Valschaffën, Audrache, Iserstandt, Schwarzeberg, Evverkäben, Karsfjord, Rechnyye and Velcalår.

Tyrnica has been continuously inhabited by a large number of distinct and unique Tyrnican tribes since 650 BCE. During the second century BCE, the Auhressian Empire came into contact with the Tyrnican cultural sphere, leading to a prolonged period of uneasiness that eventually resulted in the coronation of King Audun I in 463 CE after several centuries of migration and warfare. The Tyrnican Kingdom was largely isolationist until the 8th century, when the Viking Age and spread of Tyrnican culture began. Beginning in the eleventh century, a series of religious conflicts dominated the majority of Tyrnican history until the creation of the Tyrnican Empire, lasting from the early sixteenth century to the last throes of the eighteenth century.

Tyrnican culture first emerged in the 8th century BCE, confined to the shores of Vestur-Mijörlicht. aFollowing the establishment of Velcalår in 463 BCE and the rapid cultural development that ensued, Tyrnican control quickly spread to the northern coast

Following the Imperial Revolution and the ratification of the Valschaffën Act by Nicholas II in 1783, the Tyrnican Kingdom was re-established in conjunction with the introduction of the Valschaffën System and the Rechtzuhör, a democratic parliament headed by a Prime Minister. During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a set of political upheavals within Levilion saw the beginning of the Vaalic Wars, which led to the creation of the Confederation of the Vaal and the end of the Blaykish Empire following the Congregation in Vovaya in 1829. During the reigns of the early Vönigkrein monarchy, Tyrnica rose to status as a reaffirmed great power during both the Great War of 1852 and the industrial revolutions of the nineteenth century.

Over the course of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Tyrnica has maintained a stable position within the global scene, undergoing a process of decolonisation and further modernisation in accordance with international trends. Tyrnica utilises the Valschaffën welfare and economic model and is a proponent of universal healthcare, government secularism, tuition-free tertiary education, environmental protection and social equality. Tyrnica is a developed country with a robust and powerful economy, ranking highly in a number of national performance listings, such as health, education, quality of life, economic freedom and the protection of civil liberties and rights. It holds one of the highest human development index scores in Levilion.

Tyrnica is a member of the World Assembly and is a founding member of several political, economic, cultural and militaristic alliances, partnerships or coalitions across Levilion. It has preserved its status as a great power both within and outside of the region with a history of select interventionism prior to 1990 and following June 2016. As a former colonial power and a present-day great power, Tyrnica possesses a significant amount of cultural influence around the world, and is often hailed as the birthplace of many varities of the arts, philosophy, science and music.

Etymology

Etymologically, the name "Tyrnica" is a simplified Latinisation of the native "Týrland," which is derived from Týr, the Ríkljóth god of war and justice. The first Tyrnicans to inhabit the mainland, circa 389 BCE, believed that the enormous expanse of land before them could only be borne of divine power, and thus Týrland – literally, "the land of Týr" – was born. This concept later contributed to the personification of the Tyrnican nation-state as an offspring of Týr, and all those of Tyrnican descent or alleigance as the children of such; thus, prompting the idea of "das Moderland."

Originally pronounced as (/tɪərnikɑː/), the common pronunciation of "Tyrnica" has since changed to (/tɜrnɪkɑː/), but earlier forms are still used and recognised. In Tyrnican, the native "Týrland" is pronounced only as (/tɪərleɪnd/) or (/tɪərlɑːnd/), with variants such as (/tɜrleɪnd/) typically perceived as incorrect.

The standard way to refer to a citizen of Tyrnica is as a "Tyrnican," although colloquial phrases such as "northman" and "Týr" are deemed as acceptable. In Tyrnican and other related languages, the most common form of demonym is “Týrnische," which is also used to refer to Tyrnican culture, institutions and politico-economic items.

History

Prehistory

The Tyrnican region is believed to have been occupied by ancient humans since 430,000 BCE, when humans first migrated and expanded through the southern reaches of the northern continent in Vertange and Tyrnica. The first signs of solidified human habitation in Tyrnica proper were in the form of huts and painted caves near the Virkaevahn Lakes between Schwarzeberg and Valschaffën.

The Virkaevahn Man is well-known for being one of the oldest and most well-preserved examples of early human life, while ancient flutes and pipes show the existence of musical instruments in Tyrnica as early as 48,000 BCE.

Antiquity

The earliest records of a centralised Tyrnican culture are concentrated in the southern reaches of Mijörlicht, most notably in and around the city of Velcalår, where it is believed that the Tyrnican society, in the earliest discernible form, originated from. Archaeological, genealogical and linguistic evidence suggests that, circa 820 BCE, the proto-Tyrnican cultures of the area began to take on an increasingly uniform, recognisable manner as the populace became interconnected, causing minor differences in language and custom to fall away as a part of the cultural development. By 650 BCE, the population had become too great for the area to sustain, causing a mass migration to the Tyrnican mainland. Subsequently, the flourishing culture spread across Central Auhres in earnest, establishing a foothold for northern society and intermixing with the existing Celtic populace on the mainland.

As the Tyrnican civilisation continued its rapid expansion across the continent in the following years, the sheer size and force of the emergence prevented the ascension of a central leader or figure, and soon enough, what little unity the movement had was undercut by the formation of seperate tribes and kingdoms, typically based around growing urban centres or isolated from large population hubs entirely. The most powerful of the early clans were those inhabiting and controlling the major settlements, which were almost always constructed with access to fresh water and commanding a natural defensive position. The Vovayii, Scharzi, Valthasii and Iserii were among the first tribes that rose to prominence in the years after the Tyrnican development and materialisation out of Mijörlicht, and maintained their standing in the centuries to come.

The earliest records of a centralised Tyrnican culture are concentrated in the southern reaches of Mijörlicht, where it is believed that Tyrnican society – in its earliest discernible form – originated from. Archaeological, genealogical and linguistic evidence suggests that, circa 680 BCE, the proto-Tyrnican cultures of the area began to take on an increasingly uniform, recognisable manner as the populace became interconnected, causing minor differences in language and custom to fall away as part of the ongoing cultural development. This was followed by a period of increased communication, cooperation and trade between local communities, which ultimately resulted in the founding of Velcalår in 463 BCE. Initially, the Velcalån community was an unofficial affair and was based solely around trade and commerce, without laws or rules to maintain any sense of authority within the township. Soon, however, the city came under the influence of the Aldinnæmd, a committee of elected landowners and important figures within the locale. Despite the novelty of a ruling body amongst free men and women, the Aldinnæmd became a central factor of life in Velcalår and Vestur-Mijörlicht as a whole. The council grew as Velcalår did and operated as a primarily benevolent entity, devoted to the development and progression of the city across the years in which it held sway.

By 400 BCE, the population of Velcalår had become too great for the area and infrastructure of the city to sustain. This, combined with coinciding period of cooling known as the Dvala, caused a mass migration to the Tyrnican mainland, orchestrated and directed by the Aldinnæmd of the era. The first fleets landed at the site of Valcårwik in 390 BCE, where the Aldinnæmd took residence until the founding of Vovaya Kronor – a vastly superior location – the following year in 389. Subsequently, the flourishing culture spread across the continent in earnest, establishing a foothold for northern society. It was during this period that the concept of "Tyrnica" began; an early creation myth of the Ríkljóth faith cites a perceived child of Týr, the god of war and principal deity. Early Tyrnicans believed that the large expanse of land before them was the incarnation of this child, and thus Týrland – literally, "the land of Týr" – was born.

In the years immediately following the foundation and growth of Vovaya Kronor, the Tyrnican people adopted a belief that their exponential expansion and domination of the continent was both righteous and inevitable. This idea was adopted by the Aldinnæmd in their central philosophy and contributed to the beginning of hostilities between the northerners and the pre-existing Celtic nations, who had already established a foothold in Tyrnica. Generally, it is accepted that the first major conflict between the two cultures was in the First War of the North, which saw the Tyrnican acquisition of the lower Auhrer to the site of present-day Kratüss. The Second and Third Wars of the North resulted in territorial gain as far as Iserstandt, while concurrent conflicts in the northeast led to the extension of Tyrnican control to the northern reaches of the River Auhrer, which had become the sole unifying aspect of Tyrnican civilisation and transport.

Audun I, the first Emperor of Tyrnica

Runestones dating to the third century BCE indicate that, by 230 BCE, Tyrnican culture had reached the foothills of the Levilic Alps and assumedly attempted to settle them. However, the high altitudes, rocky terrain and infertile fields prevented the Tyrnicans from setting the foundations for any real communities as they had done in the Auhrer Valley. The desire to cross the Alps was not as pronounced following these discoveries but, less than a hundred years later in 168 BCE, groups of Tyrnicans had penetrated the mountain range. These frontier confederations soon found themselves within the northern marches of Auhressian civilisation, and while initial interactions were peaceful, cultural dissonance between the two groups eventually resulted in a clear conflict and the beginning of a war that would last for less than fifty years. By 113 BCE, the Tyrnicans had been pushed back beyond the Alps and the threat was presumed to have disappeared.

However, even as news of the outsiders spread and the Tyrnican expansion mindset was lessened, there were still a number of clans that chose to sail west over the Khovaar Strait in 93 BCE. It is unknown what exactly caused this migration, but scholarly sources hypothesise that a minor religious schism in the theology of the early Ríkljóth faith could have contributed to the abnormal movement and outweighed the potential cost of sailing beyond Tyrnican control. Soon after landing in Western Auhres, the migrating tribes came into contact with the peripheral legions of the Auhressian Empire, who were already well aware of the threat posed by the foreigners, and immediately began to take military action against them. At the time, however, the provinces of Blaeccia and Vervillia were lightly-manned only to ensure the obedience of the subservient Celts in the region, and the Tyrnicans were soon able to overwhelm the outermost garrisons and establish a foothold on the other side of the Khovaar Strait.

These actions saw the beginning of the extended communication between Auhressia and Tyrnica, and the synergy of various elements in each culture. The Tyrnicans soon realised that the Auhressian Empire was expansive, and that the border regions of their realm were easy to settle without extensive counterattacks from the Empire. A number of Auhressian Emperors recognised that the base desire of the Tyrnican realm was to own and cultivate land, as the northern economy was predominantly based on agricultural needs – a historical remnant of the exodus from Velcalår in 650 BCE. However, the lack of a central Tyrnican authority meant that the Auhressian Emperors of the time were unable to ensure long-lasting peace, as the concept of multiple, unaffiliated tribes maintaining a single peace was unfamiliar to the Tyrnicans. The Empire's attempts, though, were ultimately successful, and the waves of Tyrnican migration that ensued both in the west and in other Auhressian territories were all met with peaceful incorporation into the accepted laws and customs – thereby increasing the Imperial military power and lessening the northern threat.

The decision to align with the Tyrnicans eventually backfired, however, as the foreign populace began to combine Auhressian military and societal ideals with their own traditional styles and form larger, more powerful confederations and alliances amongst themselves. These new ideas spread across the Tyrnican sphere, both in the Auhressian vassal territories and in the Tyrnican homeland. Those who resided within the borders of the Empire politically manoeuvred themselves into beneficial positions, using their large numbers and newfound consolidated force to move from border regions into large urban centres, while those who remained outside the Imperial grasp resumed the incessant raiding and expansion that had taken place centuries earlier, breaking the fragile peace and causing the Empire to devote entire legions to repelling the threat – thus being unable to stop the cultural overthrow that was taking place inside its very own borders. By the time the antagonistic Tyrnicans had retreated back across the mountains and the Empire returned to a state of peace, the status quo had been altered greatly. Now, the majority of the Auhressian military – much of which had been destroyed in conflict with the North – was made up of Tyrnican citizens of Auhressia, and the extensive warfare of the past century had caused a political rift between factions of the Empire, which later evolved into the onset of total anarchy within the Imperial homeland.

In response to what was a clear collapse of the Auhressian Empire, the Tyrnican tribes across the continent surged across borders and boundaries in the beginning of the Migration Age, which saw Tyrnicans settling in heretofore untouched locations throughout Auhres, often seperated from the homeland by thousands of kilometres. As such, the close cultural connection that Tyrnicans of earlier centuries had enjoyed was lost, and the northerners in the furthest locations from Tyrnica itself began to take on seperate identities and convert to the local Christian faiths. The development of new cultures from a society that itself was less than a millenium old was a sign that the cultural emergence was complete, and that Tyrnica had cemented its place in history.

Geography

Tyrnica is located in the central area of the northern continent. It borders Blayk to the south and southwest various other states to the east and also shares maritime borders with Vervillia to the west, separated by the Khovaar Strait. The vast majority of such borders are primarily mountainous in terrain, with the Auhrer River forming the remaining portion of the Blako-Tyrnican border near Grenstêdt.

The highest point of elevation in Tyrnica is the Drachemont, measuring to 6,609 m (21,683 ft.) above sea level. The lowest point rests at the bottom of the Auhrer River between Vovaya Kronor and Valschaffën, measuring at 12.1 m (39.7 ft) below sea level.

Metropolitan Tyrnica (also referred to as Continental Tyrnica and the Motherland) includes the mainland section of Tyrnica as well as Khovaar, Kilkis, Mijörlicht, Avilême and various other coastal islands and spans up to 7,448,264 km² (2,875,971 sq mi) of territory.

Biodiversity

The Tyrnican wolf is the national animal of Tyrnica.