Police of Russia (Rossyiah)
In the Russian Empire, the overall management of the public security services is assigned to Main Directorate of Police and Public Security (Russian: Главное Yправление Полиции и Oбщественной Безопасности, ГYOБ Glavnoye Upravleniye Politsii i Obshchestvennoy Bezopasnosti, GUPOB), aslo known ss simply as Police (Полиция Politsiya) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD).
The Governor is the highest authority of public security in the provinces and, with regard to the functions of the police, he may adopt the necessary measures for the protection of public order and public security. The Governorate Police Director (Директор полиции провинции, Direktor politsii provintsii) exercises the technical direction of all police services and public order in the Governorate.
The Politsiya is under the Ministry of Internal Affairs and part of the armed forces of the state, therefore being subject to the military law of peace and war, and, in the case of violations, judged by military courts.
Each of the components (Governors and Politsiya) follows its own rules of reference with regard to disciplinary measures, professional training, remuneration and career prospects.
As of 2013, the overall strength of the Politsiya is 1,483.982, excluding support organisations such as the Russian Guard, but including support personnel.
The main and foremost function and mission of the whole Politsiya is to protect the public order and security, to protect the individual citens' security, legitimate interests and properties and to provide rescue for those who are in jeopardy. In case of necessity, the Politsiya, through the lawfully pre-determined bodies, is entlited to issue decisions on or propose the suspension or termination of operations of agencies, organisations or individuals which are detrimental to public order and security; to requisition means of transport, communication equipments and other technical means of agencies, organisations, individuals and operators or users of such means according to the provisions of law.
Functions of the whole apparatus of the Politsiya include taking part to protect the Tsar and the State, protecting life and properties of the Russian peoples, to contribute to protect high-ranking leading officials of the IRO and the State and foreign guests, to contribute to safeguard important events, targets and key projects of national security, foreign representative offices, representatives of Russia-based international organisations, individuals holding or closely related to state secrets.
Other functions include advising the State on protection of national security and maintenance of social order and security, performing the unified management in protection and maintenance of social order and security, preventing and fighting against crimes of all types and violations of law on national security as well as social order and safety. In order to carry out such duties, the Politsiya is tasked to collect information, analyze, evaluate and predict situation and propose the State to promulgate and direct the implementation of guidelines, policies, laws and strategies on protection and maintenance of public order and security. Such pieces of information, because their vastity and diversity, are collected by the whole Politsiya and by all its Directorates, each according the relevant information required. Such functions, mainly the information gathering, are carried out by the Politsiya and other bodies of the MVD as well as by the SVB.