Toro Main Battle Tank
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| Toro Main Battle Tank | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Main battle tank |
| Place of origin |  Luminerra |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1950 - 1981 |
| Used by | See Users |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Calvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A |
| Designed | 1944 - 1949 |
| Manufacturer | Calvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A |
| Produced | 1951 - 1975 |
| Variants | See variants |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 47.2 tonnes |
| Length | 7.8 m (hull) 10.3 m (including gun) |
| Width | 3.4 m 3.91 m (applique armor) |
| Height | 3.1 m |
| Passengers | 4 |
| Armor | Glass-reinforced plastic sandwiched between layers of steel Third generation composite armor (Steel composite blend), modular armor packages |
Main armament | Original design: Munizioni Reali C-9051 90 mm cannon Toro A and forward: Munizioni Reali C-105/59 mm cannon |
Secondary armament | 2 x Calvano Armi Leggere S.p.A M-1944C coaxial 7.35×51 mm machine gun with 2,000, second M-1944 pintle-mounted machine gun on the commanders station. Toro C and D: 1 x MGMAC 50 7.5x54 mm mm machine gun with 2,000 rounds, second <> pintle-mounted machine gun on the commanders station |
| Engine | MVGD E-75 V-12 turbocharged multi-fuel diesel engine 630 hp |
| Transmission | Automatic (4 forward, 2 reverse) |
| Ground clearance | 0.4 m |
| Fuel capacity | 850 L |
Operational range | 350 km |
| Speed | On-road: 55 km/h Off-road: 32 km/h |
The Toro Main Battle Tank is a main battle tank designed and produced by Calvetti Industria Pesante S.p.A of Luminerra for use by the Lumenic Army. In service from 1951 until the later stages of the Omandan Continental War when it was replaced by the less capable Mangusta Main Battle Tank, which sought to overcome the advanced armaments of Order of Soviet Socialist Republics by sacrificing armor protection for speed, maneuverability, and a main armament able to destroy Soviet armored vehicles.
History and design
Operational History
Variants
- Toro: Original production version of the Toro, equipped with a Munizioni Reali C-9051 90 mm cannon.
- Toro A: Toro model with the M-1944C coaxial 7.35×51 mm machine gun replaced by a ARO CAPA.2038 20 mm cannon. These were converted back to machine guns on the Toro C, using the MGMAC 50 7.5x54 mm machine gun over the older M-1944 design.
- Toro B: 1959 upgrade which saw the 90 mm Munizioni Reali C-9051 replaced with a heavier Munizioni Reali C-105/59 mm cannon.
- Toro C: 1972 upgrade for the Toro B replacing the existing engine with a new MVGD E-75 V-12 turbocharged multi-fuel diesel engine. In addition, the 20 mm ARO CAPA.2038 20 mm cannons were removed and replaced with the MGMAC 50 7.5x54 mm general purpose machine guns.
