Drambenburgian

Drambenburgian (also known as Draug and Deutsch) is a south Drambenic language from the Euronian family tree. It is the official language of Drambenburg.

Consonants

There are twenty-two consonants in Drambenburgian.

Consonant Name	Symbol (lowercase)	Pronounciation
Bet	B (b)	/b/
Qet	C (c)	/q/
Chet	Χ (χ)	/ħ/
Deth	D (δ)	/d/
Phil	Φ (φ)	/f/
Gimel	Γ (ג)	/ɣ/
Hey	H (h)	/h/
Jod	J (j)	/j/
Kilt	K (k)	/k/
Lod	L (λ)	/l/
Mun	M (m)	/m/
Nun	N (n)	/ŋ/
Pis	P (π)	/p/
Qilt	Q (q)	/x/
Roud	R (p)	/r/
Set	S (s)	/s/
Shet	Σ (σ)	/ʃ/
Torn	T (t)	/t/
Eth	Ћ (ð)	/ð/
Theta	Θ (θ)	/θ/
Vee	V (ו)	/v/
Tzed	Z (ז)	/ts/

Vowels

Short Vowels

Name	Symbol	IPA Pronunciation
Alpha	A (a)	/ɔ/
Olam	O (o)	/a/
Omicron	Œ (œ)	/ɔː/
Eko	E (e)	/ɛ/
Kubutz	U (u)	/u/
Upsilon	Υ (υ)	/ʌ/

Long Vowels

Name	Symbol	IPA Pronunciation
Agr	Å (å)	/eɪ/
Ilm	I (i)	/aɪ/
Omega	Ω (ω)	/oʊ/

Diagraphs

Name	Symbol	IPA Pronunciation
"Boy"	oi/oj	/ɔɪ/
"Bain"	ai/aj	/eɪ/
"Bue"	ue/uh	/uʔ/

Alphabet

Name	Symbol
Aleph	א
Alpha	A (a)
Bet	B (b)
Qet	C (c)
Chet	Χ (χ)
Deth	D (δ)
Eko	E (e)
Phil	Φ (φ)
Gimel	G (γ)
Hey	H (h)
Ilm	I (i)
Jod	J (j)
Kilt	K (k)
Lod	L (λ)
Mun	M (m)
Nun	N (ν)
Olam	O (o)
Omicron	Œ (œ)
Pis	P (π)
Qilt	Q (q)
Roud	R (p)
Set	S (s)
Shet	Σ (σ)
Torn	T (t)
Eth	Ћ (ð)
Theta	Θ (θ)
Kubutz	U (u)
Upsilon	Υ (υ)
Vee	V (ו)
Tzed	Z (ז)
Agr	Å (å)
Omega	Ω (ω)

Nouns

Articles

There are three types of articles in Drambenburgian, definite, indefinite, and proper.

Definite Articles

Definite articles come before nouns where the subject/thing is known to the speaker or author. The complete list of first and second declension articles can be found in the table under first and second declension. The thrid declension article is hiθ.

Indefinite Articles

The indefinite article is almost always implied when a noun drops the preceding article that would generally be present. Occasionally, the word et may be used by a speaker or writer to specify indefiniteness of the noun.

Proper Articles

When a proper noun appears, it is linked with a proper article instead of the standard definite article. See table below for proper articles.

Case	1st Declension Masc./Neut.	2nd Declension Fem.	3rd Declension Masc./Fem./Neut.
Nominative	o	a	o
Genative	to	ta	to
Dative	tov	tav	θan
Accusative	tos	tas	toσ
Ablative	jo	ja	jan

Pronouns

Case	1st Person Masculine	1st Person Feminine	2nd Person Masculine	2nd Person Feminine	3rd Person Masculine	3rd Person Feminine	3rd Person Neuter
Nominative Sg	ix	ix	ju	ju	he	she	it
Genative Sg	meine	meina	jure	jura	ðeie	ðeia	its
Dative Sg	mej	meha	ju	juha	ðem	ðeim	it
Accusative Sg	me	me	ju	ju	him	her	it
Ablative Sg	me	me	ju	ju	him	her	it
Nominative Pl	we	we	jou	jou	ðey	ðey	ðey
Genative Pl	ours	ours	jours	jours	his	hers	ðeirs
Dative Pl	us	us	jous	jous	ðem	ðeim	ðem
Accusative Pl	us	us	jou	jou	ðem	ðeim	ðem
Ablative Pl	us	us	jou	jou	ðem	ðeim	ðem

Declensions

There are three noun declensions in Drambenburgian, each with six noun cases. The declensions relate to a specific gendered language from Elder Drambenburgian which was lost in usage around the 3rd century CE. While the declensions are still considered gendered, the usage of gender no longer coincides with the gender of the person, place, or thing described by the Drambenburgian noun except in the instances of pronouns and proper nouns.

First and Second Declension Singular and Plural Cases

First and second declension nouns are all nouns ending in consonants.

The following is an example table of noun declension endings using the word of child/boy/girl in Drambenburgian, Kind.

Case	1st Declension Masc.	2nd Declension Neut.	1st Declension Fem.
Nominative Sg	ho Kindos	ho Kindo	ha Kinda
Genitive Sg	hoes Kindoes	hoes Kindos	has Kindas
Dative Sg	ju Kingoj	ju Kindj	ja Kindaj
Accusative Sg	to Kindon	to Kindo	ta Kindan
Ablative Sg	fe Kindof	fe Kindof	fa Kindaf
Nom. Pl	hos Kindes	hos Kindos	has Kindis
Gen. Pl	hoeσ Kindoeσ	hoeσ Kindoσ	haσ Kindaσ
Dat Pl.	jun Kindoin	jun Kindin	jan Kindain
Acc. Pl	ton Kindon	ton Kindon	tan Kindan
Abl. Pl	fein Kindofin	fein Kindof	fain Kindafin

Drambenburgian Third Declension Nouns

Third declension nouns are all nouns whose root form ends in a vowel as opposed to a consonant. Root form should not be confused with lexical form which is the nominative singular form of the word; instead, root form is the word without a case ending present.

The following is the Drambenburgian third declension table using the word "tree" as an example. Unlike 1st and 2nd declension case endings, third declension does not require the definitive article to identify because the definitive article for third declension is "hiθ" regardless of the case.

Case	3rd Delcension Masc./Fem.	3rd Declension Neut.
Nom Sg	Treos	Treo
Gen Sg	Treoos	Treoos
Dat Sg	Treoj	Treoj
Acc Sg	Treoa	Treo
Abl Sg	Treoσ	Treoσ
Nom Pl	Treoes	Treoa
Gen Pl	Treon	Treon
Dat Pl	Treosj	Treosj
Acc Pl	Treoas	Treoa
Abl Pl	Treoσj	Treoσj

Verbs

There are two types of verbs in Drambenburgian: strong verbs and weak verbs. Strong verbs are tense-based and can be past, present, future, or aorist. Weak verbs have a verbal aspect instead of a tense and can be either perfect or imperfect. Most, if not all, verbs in Drambenburgian have both a strong and weak form. Weak verbs are signified by the prefix iא. To better understand verb conjugation the example verb of threw from the sentence, "the boy threw the ball" (Dram.: Wurφυνeð ho Kindos to Balloν) is used.

Mood

The mood of a verb is generally indicative of the author's certainty that the action will come to pass, with two exceptions. There are six moods: indicative, a statement of fact; imperative, a command or request; subjunctive, a statment of possibility; optative, a statment of wish; infinitive, a noun used as a verb; and participle, an adjective used as a verb. Infinitves and adjectives stand out in mood as they do not indicate the certainty of the action being performed, but rather refer to a different part of speech (adjective or noun) functioning in the sentence as a verb. As such, infinitives and participles conjugate differently than the other four moods.

Standard

Mood	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Suffix	-os	-ov	-oσ	-ωθ

In this instance, continuing with the example of throw, if the author is positive the action will or has happened, throw conjugates as Wurφosא.

Infinitives

Infinitves conjugate using noun endings instead of verb endings for number and person, and have no special indicator for mood.

Participles

Participles conjugate using adjectival endings instead of verb endings for number and person, and have no special indicator for mood.

Voice

There are three voices to verbs in Drambenburgian: active, middle or reflexive, and passive. For infinitives and participles, middle and passive verbs conjugate the same, while active conjugates differently.

Voice	Active	Middle	Passive	Middle/Passive
Suffix	-υν	-ωm	-åb	-oiγ

Continuing with the above example, if the boy is active in the action of throwing the ball, then throw adds the active suffix and becomes Wurφosυν.

Strong Verb Conjugation

Strong verbs have no prefix indicating them. Instead, they are identified merely by their suffix.

Tense	Past	Present	Future	Aorist
Suffix	-eð	-	-iλλ	-iν

Continuing the example of throw, if the author wishes to make a strong statement of an action already completed, throw would add the past tense suffix and become Wurφosυνeð.

Weak Verb Conjugation

Weak verbs are identified by the prefix iא- attached to the root.

Aspect	Perfect	Imperfect
Suffix	-im	-iν

Finally, if instead of making a strong statement, the author wished to make a weak statment of the action, the author could conjugate with an aspectal ending instead of a tense suffix. For example: Wurφosυνim