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Republic of Peru | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: "Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spanish) "Firm and Happy for the Union" | |
| Anthem: "Himno Nacional del Perú" (Spanish) "National Anthem of Peru" | |
National seal Great Seal of the State | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Lima Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Official languages | Spanish |
| Co-official languages | |
| Ethnic groups (2017[b]) |
|
| Religion |
|
| Demonym(s) | Peruvian |
| Government | Unitary presidential republic[2][3] |
| Dina Boluarte | |
| Vacant | |
| Alberto Otárola | |
| José Williams | |
| Legislature | Congress of the Republic |
| Independence from Spain | |
• Declared | 28 July 1821 |
| 9 December 1824 | |
• Recognized | 14 August 1879 |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi) (19th) |
• Water (%) | 0.41 |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 34,352,719[4] (41th) |
• Density | 23/km2 (59.6/sq mi) (197th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total |  $556.680 billion[5] (45th) |
• Per capita | $16,132[5] (96th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $268.235 billion[5] (49th) |
• Per capita | $7,772[5] (87th) |
| Gini (2019) |  41.5[6]medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.762[7] high (84th) |
| Currency | Peruvian sol (PEN) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (PET) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +51 |
| ISO 3166 code | PE |
| Internet TLD | .pe |
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- ↑ "Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. p. 231. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3427. OCLC 6895745903.
Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent).
- ↑ "DataBank - Population estimates and projections". The World Bank. 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Peru". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
- ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.