User:Ferwsn/sandbox2
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
ǎversion 2.0
No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Days | Election | Political Party |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | General Augusto Cintra (1794–1881) |
18th October 1836 | 18th October 1856 | 20 years | 1836, 1841, 1846; 1851 | PC | |
The first holder of the office, Cintra was one of the leaders of the Belmontese Revolution that ousted dictator Joaquim Durão out of power and sentenced him to exile. A pragmatic conservative, he was responsible for the creation of the Riachuelo Agreement between liberals and conservatives which ensured the oligarchic nature of most of the Third Republic and its long-term stability, assuming the premiership shortly afterwards. His 20-year tenure remains the largest in Belmontese history and was marked by the stabilization of Belmontese territory and intense economic growth, stepping down in 1856 to be elected president in that same year. | |||||||
2 | Duarte Peixoto (1809–1883) |
18th October 1856 | 26th November 1859 | 3 years, 1 month and 8 days | 1856 | PC | |
Cintra's chosen successor, Peixoto was a known conservative politician who already served on several portfolios during his life, being easily elected in 1856. However, he lacked his predecessor's charisma and political skills which, combined with poor leadership choices, led him to be voted out by a motion of no-confidence, consequently losing that year's snap election as well. | |||||||
3 | General Cícero de Sá (1799–1877) |
26th November 1859 | 26th November 1864 | 5 years | 1859 | PL | |
A renowned general, Calixto was the first liberal premier to be elected in Belmonte ever since president Plínio Veríssimo in 1828. His premiership was marked by the beginning of industrialization and immigration (at the time from most Euclean countries) in Belmonte, enacting policies to promote them. Nonetheless, he found trouble in quelling internal fighting between moderate and radical (also known as exalted) liberals, with the latter being more vocal and further alienating many to the conservative side, leading to his defeat in 1864. | |||||||
4 | Duarte Peixoto (1809–1883) |
26th November 1864 | 19th February 1866 | 1 year, 2 months and 24 days | 1864 | PC | |
Returning to the premiership, Peixoto resumed the policies of his first government and continued overseeing the beginning of industrialization and immigration in Belmonte, but once again his poor political skills, combined with a stagnating economy and fears of a liberal return through a motion of no-confidence, led to senior members of his party oust him in 1866. | |||||||
5 | General Jorge Calixto (1803–1869) |
19th February 1866 | 7th April 1869 | 3 years, 1 month and 19 days | – | PC | |
One of the main perpetrators of the ousting of Peixoto out of the premiership, Calixto immediately succeeded him, being able to reverse the stagnating situation of the Belmontese economy at the time to expansion and growth while also capable of maintaining a good relationship with his party, having to high popularity during his premiership. He died from unknown natural causes months behind the 1869 general election, becoming the first to die in office. | |||||||
6 | Arthur Bernardes (1795–1883) |
7th April 1869 | 26th November 1869 | 7 months and 19 days | – | PC | |
Already serving as a caretaker premier days before Calixto's passing, Bernades was a traditional conservative, often clashing with more moderate members of his party while being a cabinet minister during previous governments. Nonetheless, he managed to secure conservative leadership for the upcoming election, but his obscurity from the general public and poor electoral campaign led to his defeat months later. | |||||||
7 | Francisco Gomes (1824–1896) |
26th November 1869 | 15th September 1875 | 5 years, 9 months and 20 days | 1869, 1874 | PL | |
An exalted liberal, Gomes is considered to be the father of the Belmontese political left due to his progressive ideology and reformist agenda, being credited from modernising the country and empowering urban regions which would further increase immigration and industrialization in the following years, with his biggest contribution being the Electoral Reform Act of 1865 which lowered property qualifications for voting. He was the first premier since Augusto Cintra to be re-elected in 1874, but internal fighting between exalted and moderate liberals led to his resignation a year later in 1875. | |||||||
8 | Henrique Prado-Leão (1812–1890) |
15th September 1875 | 26th November 1875 | 2 months and 11 days | – | PL | |
An elder liberal politician, Prado-Leão was a former president of the republic, being the first politician to assume the premiership after leaving the presidency, he was chosen to end internal fighting between the different factions of his party, all without success. With a fragmented base of support and signs of economic decay, he agreed to anticipate elections to 1875, losing it by a large margin. | |||||||
9 | General Severino Proença (1819–1885) |
26th November 1875 | 26rd May 1880 | 5 years | 1875 | PC | |
A famous general among conservative circles, Proença represented a quasi-reactionary faction of the party which grew as a result of Gomes' progressive premiership. During his tenure Proença sidelined with the rural oligarchy and the clergy instead of supporting the rising urban elites and industrialization at all, leading to an economic recession. Highly unpopular, he was able to say in power by having a large conservative base but was defeated in 1880. | |||||||
10 | Henrique Prado-Leão (1812–1890) |
26th November 1880 | 2nd June 1882 | 1 year, 6 months and 7 days | 1880 | PL | |
Returning to the premiership with a large majority at the expense of Proença's unpopularity, Prado-Leão, unlike his first government, was successful in quelling internal fighting between radicals and moderates while managing to contain the recession during his first months in office. He resigned in 1882 citing health reasons, passing away 8 years later. | |||||||
11 | João Honório-Graça (1831–1897) |
2nd June 1882 | 7th May 1894 | 11 years, 11 months and 5 days | 1884, 1889 | PL | |
A famous industrialist and politician considered to be the richest man of Belmonte at the time, Honório-Graça managed to consolidate his position within the party by purging radical members and declaring a snap election two years after his ascension, winning a comfortable margin in Congress. His premiership oversaw the height of industrialization and economic growth in an era marked by prosperity while established Belmonte as a relevant player in regional geopolitics. He declined to run for a 3rd term after a feud with cabinet members. | |||||||
12 | Renato Borges (1839–1900) |
7th May 1894 | 21nd October 1900 | 6 years, 5 months and 14 days | 1894, 1899 | PC | |
The first premier to be born in the Third Republic, Borges reformed his party away from Proença's quasi-reactionary traditionalism in favour of a more moderate agenda towards the crescent urban elites, embracing most economic policies of his predecessor despite halting further social advances to the working class. During his premiership the first signs of economic degradation, decadence and social strife started to appear, although he is credited for keeping national stability in the midst of nascent socialist movements. He died while in office in 1900. | |||||||
13 | Alexandre Guedes (1837–1905) |
21nd October 1900 | 7th May 1904 | 3 years, 6 months and 16 days | – | PC | |
Replacing Borges after his death, Guedes also was a moderate conservative who kept most of his predecessor's policies, but his poor health led to a failure by the government to combat the country's stagnating economy and rising violence, urban decadence and civilian strife, becoming highly unpopular and unable to win an election by his own in 1904. | |||||||
Graciliano Gusmão (1849–1937) |
7th May 1904 | 7th May 1909 | 5 years | 1904 | PL ↓ PRP | ||
14 | |||||||
Considered to be one of Belmonte's most influential premiers, Graciliano Gusmão was the leader of the party's radical wing, being able to rise in power as an urban reaction to the country's economic and social crisis. Promising large-scale reforms, he was opposed by moderate liberals who paralyzed his government leading to the 1906 riots, causing the end of the Liberal Party and the breaking of the Riachuelo Agreement, ending the decades-long political stability. He founded the Progressive Republican Party in 1906 and managed to stay in power with a plurality of seats, but refused to run for re-election in 1909. | |||||||
15 | João Soverosa (1859–1913) |
7th May 1909 | 13rd November 1909 | 6 months and 6 days | 1909 | PRP | |
A former member of the progressive wing of the Liberal Party, Soverosa served in several cabinet positions during the Gusmão premiership as the intellectual mentor of the government. He was able to succeded Gusmão as party leader and be elected premier thanks to a coalition with the PR, PTU and SBIO, however, ideological differences between the PRP and its more centrist junior partner PR would lead to a successful motion of no-confidence against him. | |||||||
16 | Pacheco Dumont (1860–1937) |
13rd November 1909 | 8th April 1911 | 1 year, 4 months and 26 days | – | PR | |
Responsible for the downfall of the Soverosa government, Pacheco was a former moderate liberal who sought for technocratic government to end the looming political, economic and social crisis which has become worse since then, forming a coalition with centrist and centre-right parties. Initially successful, the coalition would soon suffer from constant attacks by the leftist and far-right opposition effectively making his premiership a lame-duck one, leading to Dumont resign in favour of someone with a better relationship with Congress. | |||||||
17 | Joaquim Quércia (1862–1938) |
8th April 1911 | 27th June 1911 | 2 months and 19 days | – | PLD | |
Chosen due to his relationship with the more centrist parties in the Chamber of Deputies, Quércia remained in the rump Liberal Party reformed into the Liberal Democratic Party, also being a moderate liberal. He found difficulty in convincing centre-left parties to join his technocratic coalition due to feuds with Soverosa and, after a deadly protest in Castelonovo, he decided to call a snap election to expand his seats and gain an outright majority but lost to the leftist coalition by a narrow margin. | |||||||
18 | João Soverosa (1859–1913) |
27th June 1911 | 4th February 1912 | 7 months and 8 days | 1911 | PRP | |
Returning to the premiership with a narrow majority, Soverosa tried to resume the policies of wide-scale reforms that he planned to put in practise during his first government, but faced difficulties in doing so in the months afterwards after massive resistance from centrist and right-wing parties, resulting in another successful motion of no-confidence against him, also losing by another narrow margin the following snap election though he was still able to keep himself as party leader. | |||||||
19 | Lauro Borges (1869–1957) |
4th February 1912 | 28th November 1912 | 9 months and 24 days | 1912 (February) | PC | |
The son of former premier Renato Borges, Lauro Borges was the last conservative premier of Belmonte, although he is credited for saving the Conservative Party from the same fate the liberals had years earlier. Rising into the premiership as a compromise candidate between moderates and more radical rightists in the National Congress, his premiership was marked by the failure of reviving the Belmontese economy at the time, leading to another motion of non-confidence and another election in the same year. | |||||||
20 | João Soverosa (1859–1913) |
28th November 1912 | 8th January 1913 | 1 month and 11 days | 1912 (November) | PRP | |
Returning to the premiership once again, Soverosa was the first and only premier to serve under three different occasions. He managed to stay in power through the support of the SBIO and other far-left parties and was reliable on a strong radical leftist agenda in consequence of the massive polarization of Belmontese society at the time. With most of Congress divided into far-right and far-left lines whilst most of the country was under social unrest, he ended being shot and killed by a disgruntled military officer months after beginning his term in 1913. | |||||||
21 | Joaquim Quércia (1862–1938) |
8th January 1913 | 12nd May 1913 | 4 months and 4 days | – | PLD | |
Assuming the premiership in an emergency way after the assassination of Soverosa, Quércia was responsible for quelling the several riots, rebellions and ill-fated coup attempts made by both the SBIO and the PRN after his death, being capable to calm most of the situation during its first days. He would declare a new snap election in May, in a move criticized by many due to its prematurity. | |||||||
22 | Lúcio Bonfim (1858–1913) |
12th May 1913 | 22th October 1913 | 5 months and 10 days | 1913 | SBIO | |
The first socialist premier of Belmonte and the last of the Third Republic, Bonfim was a lead member of the country's labour and communist movements ever since the turn of the century, being elected on a highly polemical election. Immediately after assuming the premiership, he would launch a wide array of socialist reforms, many of them aiming at the establishment of a council republic, inciting the fury of several right-wing sectors of society. With the Great Collapse destroying the remaining of Belmontese economy he tried to convince Congress of giving him emergency powers, resulting in a military coup that killed him. | |||||||
23 | Júlio Lobato (1889–1961) |
15th January 1935 | 5th April 1940 | 5 years, 2 months and 21 days | 1935 | URN | |
The first premier of the Fifth Republic, Lobato served as an important resistance leader during the Great War, forcing dictator João Berquó to declare new general elections and ousted him with the support of the Armed Forces after he tried to resist it, easily becoming premier afterwards. His premiership would be marked by the return of democracy to Belmonte and the beginning of its reconstruction after the war under the developmental policies of the ITSP Plan, being considered to be one of the greatest premiers of Belmontese history. He would step down in 1940 to run for the presidency. | |||||||
24 | Sílvio Behringer (1889–1947) |
5th April 1940 | 5th April 1945 | 5 years | 1940 | URN | |
A close friend of Lobato who served in various cabinet positions, Behringer was chosen to suceeded him as a compromise candidate between more conservative and reformist factions within the party. During his premiership the economy would continue recovering as major Belmontese cities would undergo massive reconstruction efforts, also being a main promoter of modernist arts. Although very popular, he refused to run for a second term due to health problems. | |||||||
25 | Cédrico Alvim (1880–1964) |
5th April 1945 | 5th April 1950 | 5 years | 1945 | URN | |
A member of the party's left-wing, Alvim would win the URN leadership election by a narrow margin in a tense transition of power which included a failed military coup. Once assuming power, he would abandon the ITSP Plan in favour of the National Development Plan (PND), which included more socialist-oriented policies and the creation of a welfare state. It was during his premiership that several core state-owned companies were created and although he was highly popular tensions with conservatives, hardliners and the Armed Forces led to his defeat as party leader in 1950, forming the PSD afterwards. | |||||||
26 | Patrício Gama (1885–1951) |
5th April 1950 | 23rd May 1951 | 1 year, 1 month and 18 days | 1950 | URN | |
Assuming the premiership after successfully winning the URN leadership election, Gama would maintain most of the welfare apparatus of his predecessor but would reverse most of his radical policies by instituting the National Advancement and Acceleration Program (PNAA), seen by many as the continuation of the ITSP Plan although more liberal in nature. He would die in a plane crash a year after taking office in 1951. | |||||||
27 | Vincente Cunha (1901–1996) |
23rd May 1951 | 10th June 1951 | 18 days | – | URN | |
The first premier to be born in the 20th century, Cunha was an important minister during both Alvim and Gama governments, being a rising star within the URN due to his acceptable positions for the several wings and faction of his party as well as his high popularity, assuming provisorily after the later's death though he refused to run for party leadership at that moment. |