Haydag language
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Mokhavian | |
---|---|
Mokhian, Kkolkhian | |
Мохшалей нен | |
Pronunciation | [mɔx.ʃa.li nɛn] |
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Southern Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Mokhavics |
Native speakers | L1: - L2: - |
Paleo-Qazhshavan
| |
Standard forms | Mezhian
|
Dialects |
|
Govoric | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Qazhshava |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | mh |
ISO 639-2 | mkh |
ISO 639-3 | mkh |
The Mokhavian language is the widely spoken of it's family, called Mokhavic, and the official language of the nation of Qazhshava. It is an ancient Thuadian tounge with no known ancestral conection to the surrounding Thuado-Thrismaran languages.
Classification
As of yet, any attempts to link the Mokhavian languages to any other languages in the world have failed, altough some still believe its a very old relative to the Thuado-Thrismaran languages, which is only backed up by similar features which have been speculated and some proven to have come due to influence from said languages, and some reconstructed-proto words and existign root words that seem to have been borrowod from early forms of the slavic and germanic languages.
Dialects
The standart form of the Mokhavian language is based on the mezhian dialect, also known as the Southern Hill dialect.
History
TBA
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ||||
voiced | b | d | ɣ (ɡ)[a] | |||||
Affricate | voiceless | t̬͡s[b] | t̬͡ʃ[c] | |||||
voiced | ||||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x~h | |||
voiced | v | z | ʒ | |||||
Aproximant | voiced | w | l | j ʎ |
||||
Tap & Trill | voiced | ɾ |
- ↑ Some speakers pronounce it as /g/, mainly 2L speakers, but naturally it occurs mainly in loanwords and in stressed syllables.
- ↑ It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡z and voicless t͡s.
- ↑ It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡ʒ and voicless t͡ʃ.
Vowels
Front | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Close-Mid | ɤ | ||
Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a~ɑ |
Stress
Stress in Mokhavian is pretty weak, there is no set rules to it and linguists disagree as to where stress occurs in words.
Writing System
Mokhavian is written using the Govoric script, which was adopted around the 11th century, and used ever sence
Govoric version:
А а | Ӑ ӑ | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ж ж | З з |
И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | О о | П п | Р р |
С с | Т т | У у | Ў ў | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш |
Ы ы | Ь ь | Ю ю | Я я |
However the government adapted a standartized Romanized form of the script in the late 20th century
Romanized version:
А а | Ӑ ӑ | B b | C c | Č č | D d | E e | F f | G g |
H h | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | O o | P p |
Q q | R r | S s | Š š | T t | U u | V v | W w | X x |
Y y | Z z | Ž ž |
Detailed table
Bruh | Name | IPA | Romanized | Expand |
---|
Brail
TBA
Keyboard layout
TBA
Grammar
Syllable structure
Mokhavian's syllable structure is classed as complex.
- (C)(C)V(C2)(S)
- S - /s/, /ʃ/, (/f/)
- if C2 is a consonant of the (S) class, then the (S) consonant can be a stop
Morphology
Mokhavian is generally an agglutinative language, there are many suffixes going into a verb, for example 'йорхелӑчкемеченой' (we wern't going to drink it), the verb can be broken down into parts 'йор-хе-лӑ-чкем-еч-ен-ой' . Each morpheme here contributes to the meaning of the verb tense or the person who has performed the verb.
Number & Articles
Mokhavian has 2 numbers; Singular and Plural
Plurality | |
---|---|
Multisyllabic | Monosyllabic |
-(т)aр -(t)ar |
-(т)ӑби -(t)ӑbi |
Mokhavian also has only a definite article
Defenitiness | |||
---|---|---|---|
Sing. | -(т)и -(t)i | ||
Plur. | -тфи -tfi |
Inflection
Mokhavian has a very high count of noun cases, that being 20 (listed below), most of these being motion and location cases,
Case Name | Suffix | Question Words | Example |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | - | мо, рo (who, what; subject) | чам (a man; subject) |
Genitive | -(и)с | мос, рос (whose, what's) | чамис (of a man) |
Dative | -(а)ти | моти, роти (to whom, to what/why) | чамати (to a man) |
Accusative | -(а)иц | моц, роц (whom, what; object) | чамиц (a man; object) |
Instrumental | -(а)но | моно, роно (with who, with what) | чамано (with a man) |
Comitative | -мах | момах, ромах (with whom, with what) | чаммах (with a man) |
Comparative | -бча | мобча, робча (like who, like what/how) | чамбча (like a man) |
Inessive | -(а)ш | мош, рош (in who[a],/what) | чамаш (in a man) |
Adessive | -ка | мока, рока (neer who, neer what) | чамка (neer a man) |
Postessive | -(а)зи | мози, рози (Behind who,/what) | чамази (Behind a man) |
Superessive | -(v)ма | мома, рома (On top of who,/what) | чамма (on top of a man) |
Subessive | -сен | мосен, росен (Under of who,/what) | чамсен (under a man) |
Allative | -ле | моле, роле (towards who, where to) | чамле (towards a man) |
Ablative | -сао | мосао, росао, мсао (from who,/what/where) | чамсао (from a man) |
Lative | -ахк | моахк, роахк (into who,/what) | чамахк (into a man) |
Elative | -епе | моепе, роепе (Out of who,/what) | чамепе (out of a man) |
Benefactial | -й/ижба | моижба, роижба (for who,/what) | чамижба (for a man) |
Vocative | -/о,-е[b] | - | чаме (man/dude!) |
Adjective | -(а)в | роав (like what-adj) | чамв (manly -adj) |
Adverbial | -(а)дӑл | радӑл (how-adv) | чамдӑл (manly -adv) |
Mokhavian uses Comparison forms of Adjectives and Adverbs:
- Positive - Bassic form of the word- happy - ахчив
- Negative - Negation of the word - unhappy - юахчив
- Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - happier - мпеахчив
- Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - happiest - амшахчив
- Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - амбахчив
Pronouns
Mokhavian has a high number of inflected pronouns due to the number of cases it has.
Nom. | Gen. | Dat. | Acu. | Ins. | Com. | Compr. | Ine. | Ade. | Poste. | Supe. | Sube | All. | Abl. | Lat. | Ela. | Bene. | Voc. | Adj. | ExpandAdv. |
---|
Instead of using an auxiliary word for am/are/is the language instead has contracted forms of the pronouns and the word be
Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-was | -NEG.was | -be | -NEG.be | -will.be | -NEG.will.be | -was.going.to | -NEG.was.going.to | |||
Singular | First | тех | ютех | вам | ювам | лум | юлум | хелум | юхелум | |
Second | цех | юцех | ци | юци | луц | юлуц | хелуц | юхелуц | ||
Third | proximal | ех | йех | ар | уюр | лу | юлу | хелу | юхелу | |
distal | ||||||||||
Plural | First | чех | ючех | веч | ювеч | луч | юлуч | хелуч | юхелуч | |
Second | смех | юсмех | вемс | ювемс | лумс | юлумс | хелумс | юхелумс | ||
Third | proximal | сех | юсех | сер | юсер | лус | юлус | хелус | юхелус | |
distal |
The language also uses possessive sufixes, one could say my dog and another dog-my, the only diference being that using a pronoun brings more emphasis to it.
Suffix | Example | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | -й/им | кичим (my dog) | |
Second | -й/иш | кичиш (your dog - sin.) | ||
Third | Proximal | -(и)йо | кичийо (his/her dog) | |
Distal | -й/ия | кичия (his/her dog) | ||
Plural | First | -е/ен | кичен (our dog) | |
Second | -(е)сен | кичесен (your dog - plr) | ||
Third | Proximal | -(и)йоч | кичийоч (their dog) | |
Distal | -й/ияч | кичияйч (their dog) |
Verbs
Tenses
Mokhavian dosen't have conjunctions, if a verb dosen't fit into the template a filler affix -и- is incerted, and in the
бод - walk
Mood | Person | Number | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Perfect | Simple | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | ||||
Indicative | 1st | Singular | бодвади | бодкфади | бодва | бодвани | бодкфани | брабодвани | брабодкфани | |
Plural | бодчади | бодбчади | бодча | бодчани | бодбчани | брабодчани | брабодбчани | |||
2nd | Singular | бодсди | боджди | бодс | бодсани | бодждани | храбодсани | храбодждани | ||
Plural | бодсемди | бодмзди | бодсем | бодсмани | бодмздани | храбодсмани | храбодмздани | |||
3d | Singular | бодиди | боддади | боди | бодини | боддни | залбодини | залбоддни | ||
Plural | боднди | боддинди | бодни | сбодно | сбоддини | залбодно | залбоддини | |||
Imperative | All | Singular | бодчи | бодчти | ||||||
Plural | бодча | бодчта | ||||||||
Direction
Mokhavian has a Polypersional agreement where a verb contains both the body doing the action and the body expiriencing the action.
Prefix | Example | ||
---|---|---|---|
Self | Singular | то- | тобцесва (i drank myself - "i got drunk") |
Plural | тобцесча (we drank ourselves - "we got drunk") | ||
2s | Singular | ши- | шимовади (i hit you) |
Plural | мсе- | мсемовади (i hit you) | |
3s | Singular | и- | ипсесди (you hit him/her) |
Plural | ай- | айпсесди (you hit them) |
Negatoin
For negation the prefix "ю(р)-" is added in singular, for example ибцесва(i drank it) and 'юрибцесва' (i didn't drank it).
Infinite
In Mokhavian there's an infinite suffix that has the translated meaning of "to", as in "you want me to drink" would be literaly you-want to-drink-i.
Template
Synatx
Mokhavian is generally SVO, though SOV can be used too, and other word orders commonly apear in folk songs and poetry. Possessees come before possessors, adjectives before nouns and it has postpositions.
Questions
Yes or No Questions
To form yes or no questions the suffix -(а)ка is used: for example "did i drink" - бцесвака
Interrogatives
Mokhavian | English |
---|---|
ро роц |
what? |
мо моц |
who? |
рамдо | how much/many |
рое | which |
робча | how |
тао | why |
мао | where |
мой | when |
Vocabulary
Mokhavian uses a word-derivation system. By using a root, and adding some definite prefixes, suffixes and conbining words, one can derive many nouns and adjectives from the root. For example, from the root -мохш-, the following words can be derived: Мохшац (a Mokhavian person), Мохшалей (the Mokhavian language) and Амохшфети (Mokhavia/Qazhshava), also сўан (word) + ача (book/read) becomes сўаняча (dictionary).
Numerals
The Mokhavian numberal system is decimal.
Cardinal numbers
Mokhavian | Lakhian | Zal | Tghok | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Цех | - | - | - |
2 | Кер | - | - | - |
3 | Сем | - | - | - |
4 | Ошт | - | - | - |
5 | Боўг | - | - | - |
6 | Алш | - | - | - |
7 | Швен | - | - | - |
8 | Рор | - | - | - |
9 | Цхет | - | - | - |
10 | Ен | - | - | - |
11 | Енцехсен | - | - | - |
12 | Енкерсен | - | - | - |
13 | Енсемсен | - | - | - |
14 | Еноштсен | - | - | - |
15 | Енбоўгсен | - | - | - |
20 | Керен | - | - | - |
21 | Керенцехсен | - | - | - |
30 | Семен | - | - | - |
40 | Оштен | - | - | - |
50 | Боўген | - | - | - |
60 | Алшен | - | - | - |
70 | Швенен | - | - | - |
80 | Рорен | - | - | - |
90 | Цхетен | - | - | - |
100 | Ошӑр | - | - | - |
101 | Ошӑр де цех | - | - | - |
102 | Ошӑр де кер | - | - | - |
110 | Ошӑр де ен | - | - | - |
200 | Керошӑр | - | - | - |
500 | Боўгошӑр | - | - | - |
1000 | Витӑш | - | - | - |
1999 | Витӑш цхетшӑр де цхетенцхетсен |
- | - | - |
2000 | Кервитӑш | - | - | - |
10000 | Енвитӑш | - | - | - |
Ordinal numbers
In mokhavian the circumfix
Mokhavian | Lakhian | Zal | Tghok |
---|---|---|---|
ту-NUMBER-не | --NUMBER-- | --NUMBER-- | --NUMBER-- |
Mingrelian | Laz | Georgian | Svan | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Мартане | - | - | - |
2nd | Тукерне | - | - | - |
3rd | Тусемне | - | - | - |
4th | Туоштне | - | - | - |
5th | Тубоўгане | - | - | - |
Language example
TBA