Holynia
Holyn Kingdom Holynska Kráľovstvo | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Anthem: Bude Slávne Holynsko! "Be Glorious Holynia!" | |
 Location of Holynia with Spero | |
| Capital | Cizekporok |
| Largest city | Bystrica |
| Official languages | Hornat Masov |
| Recognised regional languages | Bogor |
| Ethnic groups (2015) | 68.3% Hornat 29.4% Masov 2.3% other |
| Demonym(s) |
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| Government | Constitutional Monarchy |
• King | Mikuláš I |
• Prime Minister | Renáta Mišurová |
| Legislature | Národná Rada (National Council) |
| Foundation | |
• First Holyně Realm | 81 BC |
• Second Holyně Realm | 1052 |
• Holyně Kingdom | December 1574 |
• Union of Holyně Socialist States | February 1924 |
• Republic of Holynia | September 1998 |
• Second Holyně Kingdom | April 2001 |
| Population | |
• 2017 estimate | 109,230,431 |
• Density | 79.10/km2 (204.9/sq mi) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $2.16 trillion |
• Per capita | $20,737 |
| HDI (2019) | 0.901 very high |
| Currency | Koruna (HRK) |
| Calling code | +63 |
| Internet TLD | .hk |
Holynia, also referred to as Holyn, officially the Holyn Kingdom (Hornat and Masov: Holynska Kráľovstvo and Holynska Království), is a sovereign country in southeastern Spero, covering an area of 1,014,174 square kilometers, with 109,230,431 inhabitants within its borders. Owing to Holynia's highly mountainous topography, the inhabitants of the country are widespread, with a population density of 79 people per square kilometer. Holynia borders six countries, Movargovina in the north, Stesopol to the northeast, Bogoria to the east, and Elmad and Corvia to the nothwest. The Holyn Sea straddles the southern coastline of Holynia, which flows into the Great Spero Sea. The Kingdom consists of two countries, referred to as Principalities, Hornatyia and Masovia, which is further divided into eight kraj (Regions) and further into 53 counties. The capital and largest city of Holynia is Cizekporok, with a population of over 7 million. The country is a constitutional monarchy, with a parliamentary system of government.
Modern day Holynia traces its history back to the Holyně Realm, which encompassed the Duchy of Hornatyia and Duchy of Masovia. The Holyně Realm grew to control territory within modern-day Movargovina, Stesopol, Elmad and Corvia. Eventually internal disputes between the two Duchy's within the Realm led to its collapse c. 120. The Hornatyian Duchy was influential and powerful enough to remain in control of much of the former northern territories of the Holyně Realm. The independent country reformed itself into the Kingdom of Hornatyia and was led by Cizek I. Meanwhile the Masovian monarchy was unstable with numerous rivalries preventing effective rule. The Council of Skrbovice marked the introduction of Catholicism into the former Holyně Realm. In 1052, the Masovian Kingdom finally collapsed with the fall of the Hanák Dynasty, resulting in Hornatyia invading and annexing the Masovian lands and the reestablishment of the Holyně Realm.
In 1310, Holyně was invaded by its northern neighbor Ergoth, this war came to be known as the Catastrophe. The war ended during the Battle of Bavorovská Hill, when the Holynians pushed invading forces back into Ergoth. The destruction as a result of the war set the Kingdom back several hundred years. The first national legislature, the National Council of Hornatyia and Masovia convened in 1611. The Kingdom began a slow growth, with the economy transforming from outdated medieval economics to capitalism. At the start of the 20th century, a wealth gap of major proportions developed within Holynia. In 1921, the Workers' Party of Holynia was formed and grew in popularity in the poorer and more rural countryside. Communist visionaries led by Volen Hajek eventually overthrew the monarchy and established the Democratic Socialist Republic of Holynia.
Volen Hajek died in 1941 and was replaced by Jan Kříž, who ruled over a period of rapid industrialization and growing authoritarian rule. Failed agricultural reforms in the late 1940s led to the Bogor famine. Kříž died in 1959 and was succeeded by Jiří Liška. Liška initially oversaw a period of economic stagnation. In 1971, Liška approved major economic reforms reducing the centrally planned economy and introducing a "socialist-oriented market economy".
Kamil Sládek succeeded Liška in 1975 and oversaw a period of growing authoritarianism and rapid spending. A series of natural disasters slowed Holynia's economy including the 1987 Vamik Dam collapse and the 1989 Łuków Volcano eruption. The 1993 death of Kamil Sládek saw Vlastimil Prusík succeed the longtime leader. Economic reforms introduced in 1995 failed to revive the sluggish economy. Ethnic and political tensions in Bogoria boiled over into an active rebellion. The violence in Bogoria and widespread dissaproval of Prusík's reforms saw the Workers Party fall from power by June 1998.
A new constitution and democratic elections were held in late 1998. The first democratic government was led by Jonáš Široký. In 1999 the Treisberg accords were signed, officially ending the war and granting independence to Bogoria. Economic reforms and political reforms conducted by the Široký government saw a dramatic rise in unemployment. In late 1999, Holynia became a monarchy with the return of the royal family and the adoption of the second post-Communist constitution. In 2000, Holynia saw its first annual GDP growth since 1995. In 2010, a regional referendum on Masovian independence was defeated with 67% of the populace voting to remain within Holynia.
Holynia is a highly developed country, with an advanced high income economy and high living standards. The country has extremely low unemployment rates, however varying rates of wealth inequality. The country boasts a post-industrial economy, with a growing e-market developing within Holynia. Since 2004, Holynia has seen yearly GDP growth of 4-8 percent, with the economy still growing at rapid rates in 2016. Holynia is a member of the not!UN, Southern Artemia Commerce Initiative, International Trade Commission, and the Global Monetary Fund.
History
Early history
First and Second Holyně Realm
First Holyně Kingdom
Communist Holynia
The continuing crisis in Holynia was exasperated by the 1921 founding of the Holyn Workers Party. Communist leader Volen Hajek founded People's Councils in Bystrica and Uhrov. The councils were formed of popularly elected workers and peasants. The Bystrica people's council rivaled the city council in issuing decrees. Members of the police force in Bystrica declared allegiance to the People's Council. The People's Councils were declared illegal by the monarchy in Cizekporok. Kováč II sent soldiers to Bystrica in an attempt to stop the councils from operating, however these attempts failed. A general strike was declared by coal miners in northern Hornatyia in solidarity with the People's Councils in Bystrica and Uhrov. By 1923, fighting between the Popular Army of the Workers Party and the monarchist army had erupted. The Workers Party exerted control over most of northern Hornatyia and western Masovia, while the Kováč II's allies controlled central Hornatyia and all of Bogoria. Heavy fighting centered on the city of Uhrov and the midland region of Hornatyia. Cizekporok was surrounded in October 1924 and King Kováč II was evacuated to Staré in eastern Holynia. The fall of Cizekporok culminated in a series of mass deportations of royal family members and supporters. Monarchists responded with the Słomniki massacre in southern Bogoria, killing an estimated 15,000 Bogorian civilians accused of pro communist sympathies. The end of the civil war came in late 1925 when Kováč II abdicated and fled overseas. The war claimed casualties of around 3 million, mainly civilians.
Hajek's government ensued on a campaign of mass nationalisation, seizing land, businesses and industry. Hajek's economic policy heavily favored industry and massive subsidies were granted to rebuild much of Holynia's post war industry. Small private business were permitted to operate and peasants were allowed to sell surplus product on the open market. The state allowed both peasant and collective farms to operate side by side. Hajek's government utilised the SRB to arrest, execute or relocate thousands of peasants whose farms were chosen for collectivization. The large cities of Holynia saw rapid increases in the rate of urbanisation, as peasants relocated seeking employment. By 1930, Holynia's economic output surpassed pre war levels.
The early 1930s saw Hajek centralize control in Cizekporok. A new constitution was adopted in 1931, granting broad powers to the central government in Cizekporok. The Workers' Party was given a constitutional role and political opposition was largely outlawed. Political repression also increased in the 1930s. The SRB forcibly deported tens of thousands of Bogorian civilians to northern Hornatyia to work in coal mines. Internal exile became widespread as Hajek sought to remove political enemies and rivals. By 1935, Hajek's economic policies had managed to reduce unemployment by 25%. Despite the economic growth, rural areas of Holynia faced low standards of living in comparison to the large cities.
Volen Hajek's death in 1941 was followed by an internal power struggle. Jan Kříž emerged as the new leader of Holynia. Kříž emphasized continuing collectivization of farming and growing authoritarian rule. Kříž embarked on a campaign of international communism unseen under Hajek. The 1940s would see the defence budget relative to GDP increase to 25%. Kříž argued that communism would only prevail in Holynia if socialism was spread across the continent. The Salcheny crisis saw the first foreign deployment of Holynian troops in 1947. In 1951, neighboring Movargovina fell into chaos after communist rebels seized control of several cities along the border with Holynia. Holynia launched a military invasion of the country in support of the rebels. The Movargovinan government fell after Holyn soldiers and rebels seized the capital of Goranci. In June 1952, Holynia successfully tested its first nuclear weapon.
Crisis enveloped Holynia during the 1957 Bogorian unrest. Bogor civilians protested after the death of 3 civilians during an arrest by police. The protests descended into mass insurrection when police opened fire on demonstrators in Utena's main square. After 3 days of unrest, the military and police successfully quashed the rebellion after killing almost 400 civilians. Kříž suffered a heart attack in 1958 and the top leadership of the Workers' Party began making plans for his successor. In March 1959, Kříž suffered a stroke during a live Parliamentary meeting and subsequently fell into a coma. Unable to govern, the Politburo voted to remove Kříž from the post of General Secretary. Jiří Liška became the obvious successor once Kříž eventually died in April.
Liška began removing older leaders within the party, promoting a number of younger party members to key posts. In April 1960, Holynia launched its first satellite into space, Satelit-1. The government placed great emphasis on the development of Holynia's space program in the 1960s. In 1962, Liška expressed his ideas for greater availability of consumer goods and a higher quality of life for citizens. The centrally planned economy saw elements of a market economy introduced. Small privately owned businesses were permitted to operate alongside state run businesses. State owned businesses and collective farms gained a degree of autonomy from central planners. These industries were permitted to branch into related and different sectors of the economy at their own will.
Liška's reforms continued in the 1970s, with the introduction of the 1972 constitution, offering a degree of liberalisation to the political process. Liška's death in 1975 saw him succeeded by Kamil Sládek, Liška's agriculture minister. Sládek reversed a number of political reforms introduced under Liška and tightened the authority of the central government. Sládek packed the politburo with several close allies, allowing Sládek to pursue an immense infrastructure campaign. New motorways, airports and railways began to be built across Holynia. Sládek's program was highly popular among the populace, reducing unemployment to almost zero. However, Sládek's government was forced to take foreign loans in order to finance the massive infrastructure program.
In 1984, unrest erupted in Bogoria following the arrest of Bogorian leader Filip Sieja. The party ordered a massive crackdown, with army, police and SRB units killing an estimated 200 civilians. The region was locked down for months, with rolling power outages, road closures and mass arrests of thousands of civilians. In June 1987, the Vamik Dam burst, sending a massive torrent of water into the Solany valley. 2,000 civilians were killed. In September 1989, the Łuków Volcano erupted along the Bogorian/Hornatyian border. The volcano erupted with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6. The eruption devastated the River Chełm valley and killed an estimated 11,000 civilians, with entire towns and villages being flattened. Hundreds of thousands of civilians were evacuated in both Hornatyia and Bogoria. The Łuków eruption of 1989 is the most destructive volcanic eruption in Holynia's modern history.
Political and economic crisis gripped Holynia following the Łuków Volcano eruption and Vamik Dam disaster. Environment minister Aleš Mach was imprisoned and Energy Minister Melichar Krejčí was executed because of the twin disasters. Protests in Cizekporok demanded the resignation of leader Kamil Sládek, who refused to resign. Holynia's economy fell into a recession soon after the eruption, only exiting in July 1990. A period of hyperinflation from 1990 to 1993 was caused by massive government deficits in response to the crisis. In 1993, Kamil Sládek died and Vlastimil Prusík emerged as the new leader of Holynia. Prusík began a series of economic and political reforms to revive the economy and reduce simmering tensions across Holynia. These reforms led to unintended consequences as economic output was halved and unemployment skyrocketed. Government deficits of 30 percent became common as the government became forced to prop up struggling industries.
Rebellion broke out in Bogoria in August 1997 as ethnic Bogorian politicians, military officers and soldiers rebelled. Clashes escalated through the fall of 1997 into open warfare. By March 1998, two-thirds of Bogoria had fallen into rebel hands. Simultaneous unrest spread throughout Holynia as pro-democracy activists demanded free elections. Attempts at political reforms failed and by June 1998, Prusík and the politburo resigned. A caretaker unity government assumed control comprised of both communist and pro-democracy figures. Several attempts at a ceasefire in Bogoria failed to gain traction and fighting continued.
Second Holyně Kingdom
On 12 September 1998, an interim constitution was adopted by referendum with national elections to be held on 15 October 1998. Jonáš Široký, a former Workers' Party Central Committee member and pro-democracy activist led the Naša budúcnosť party to victory. Široký's government formed a constitutional committee to finalise a constitution by the year 2000. In November 1998, Široký invited the exiled Holyn Royal family to return to Holynia. Pro-monarchy demonstrations made an appeal for a referendum on becoming a constitutional monarchy. The government began the arduous process of reforming Holynia's communist economy into a capitalist economy. Throughout late 1998 and 1999, the Národná Rada passed a series of legislation outlining the process of privatisation of state companies. The renewed Workers' Party and various workers unions were opposed to sudden privatisation and led protests against the government in early 1999. In February 1999, the exiled Holyn Royal Family visited Holynia for the first time since 1925. This visit saw a wave of support for reestablishing the monarchy in an official capacity.
Members of the Royal Family began to return en-masse to Holynia in the spring of 1999. In March 1999, a series of bombings by Bogorian independence groups throughout Holynia caused public support for the war in Bogoria to drop. In early 2000, Široký and Bogorian rebels declared a ceasefire. In June 2000, the Holyn government reached a peace deal in Treisberg officially ending the war in Bogoria. Holynia would grant independence to Bogoria, while the new Bogorian government would be responsible for reparations to the Holyn government.
Široký's government pressed ahead with economic reforms, with the first economic reform legislation passed with broad support among the Národná Rada. Opposition grew as the privatisation legislation became widely opposed by trade unions. Široký advocated for the mass closure of unprofitable factories and coal mines, which would cause mass unemployment. In June 2000, legislation was passed for a national referendum on restoring the monarchy. The referendum was held in September 2000 and saw 57% of voters support Holynia becoming a constitutional monarchy. In November 1999, the first draft of the new constitution was unveiled, with the final draft to be adopted by May 2001. Alexandr IV was crowned King of Holynia in a ceremony in Cizekporok on December 7th 2001.
Geography
Climate
Politics
Holynia operates as a constitutional monarchy with a hereditary monarch as head of state and a unicameral parliament, the Národná Rada. The current constitution was adopted on 12 September 2005, replacing the 1997 constitution. The constitution of Holynia places primary governance with the Prime Minister and the cabinet, who are appointed by the monarch after recommendation by members of the Národná Rada. The Prime Minister exerts control over all functions of the executive branch and is de-facto the most powerful politician in the country. The Národná Rada is a 210 seat unicameral legislature which is elected every two years using a proportional representation of political parties, resulting in a diverse array of political parties. A Royal Commissioner is elected by the Národná Rada in a secret ballot every year, who is in charge of overseeing the legality of government actions and issues judgments on certain policies. The ruling monarch holds little power, however has the ability to reject a proposed government and the ability to force from office a ruling government using the Royal Commissioner.
Holynia uses a hybrid of both common-law and civil-law principles with two chief courts, the High Court handling civil cases and the Crown Court handling justice, with the Supreme Court existing as the court of last resort, handling both civil and criminal cases. In addition to the civil and justice courts, military courts and special tribunals also exist in Holynia and handle cases brought by the Supreme Prosecutor of the Ministry of Defence. The Principality of Masovia maintains its own justice system, with Principle Court for civil cases and the Crown Court for criminal justice cases, with the Holynian Supreme Court in Cizekporok as its court of last resort. The Masov justice system is formed in a similar hybrid system like the national court system, however it does not accept a "not proven" verdict in criminal trials. Along with this difference, the civil courts do not allow a jury system, with the sole verdict lying in the hands of the judge. The Principality of Hornatyia utilizes the national Holynian court system for both civil and criminal cases. In addition, Masovian courts are beneath the national Holynian courts, thus a verdict issued by a national Holynian court will affect a verdict issued by a Masov court.
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Military
The Royal Holynian Defence Forces serve as Holynia's primary military force, consisting of the Ground Force, Navy and the Air Force. Additionally the National Police, Coast Guard and the National Intelligence Directorate are subordinated to military command in wartime. The Defence Forces receives a budget of $101 billion, which is roughly 4.7 percent of the country's GDP. The Defence Forces can call upon 347,192 active personnel, of which 131,245 belong to the Ground Force, 111,314 belong to the Navy and 104,633 belong to the Air Force. The military has relied upon volunteers since the 2001 abolition of conscription. Prior to that, all Holynians that reached the age of 18 were required to perform military service or alternate civil service for a period of at least 6 months.
The Defence Forces fall under the command of the Chief of General Staff who is subordinate to the Minister of Defence. In wartime, Ground Force and Navy command assume respective command of the National Police and the Coast Guard. Defence funding is provided through a annual act of Parliament called the National Defence Allocation Act, which proscribes a budget for the following year. Defence spending was, until 2005, dropping as a result of the fall of communism, however since 2008 the annual budget has grown at least 5% every year. Much of the budget has been spent on modernizing equipment, increasing troop pay, constructing new training and living facilities for servicemen and increasing readiness. Holynia maintains a strong state and private defence industry, dating back to before the communist era. This industry has since expanded with growing exports to foreign nations and a healthy domestic market.
An additional military branch are the two separate National Guards of Holynia, the Hornatyian National Guard and the Masovian National Guard. These were both formed after Parliament devolved powers to form an "internal security force" to the governments of Hornatyia and Masovia. The first National Guard was founded in November 2002 in Masovia, with the establishment of a Ministry for Internal Defence within the Masovian government. The National Guard began recruiting in March 2003 and a training facility in Číchov was handed over from the Holynian Ground Force to the Masovian government. Since its establishment, the National Guard of Masovia has gained a force of 95,710 service members, of which roughly 21,000 are active duty. The National Guard is solely an internal force within Masovia and cannot be deployed into Hornatyia without approval by an act from the Hornatyian legislature. The Masovian National Guard is prohibited by Holynian legislation from deploying internationally outside the national borders of Holynia. Hornatyia maintains a similar National Guard, which is roughly on par with the Masovian one. The Hornatyian National Guard is prohibited from deploying within 100 km of the border with Ergoth because of legal issues stemming to a territorial dispute. Both National Guards have the ability to procure "reasonable weaponry for the defence of the defence of the nation".
Law enforcement and justice
Economy
Energy
Transport
Holynia maintains a radial road network consisting of 124,713 km of main roads and 11,519 km of motorways, out of a total of 1,119,791 km of paved roads. The motorways are the primary responsibility of the Roadway Directorate, meanwhile main road responsibility are split between the Directorate and local authorities. All non-motorway and main roadways are the responsibility of either local or private entities. Cizekporok maintains the densest road network in the country, along with the longest bypass road in the country. The M1 is the primary motorway between Cizekporok and Bystrica and has the heaviest usage of all motorways in the country. According to the Ministry of Transport, a total of 41 million vehicles were registered in 2012.
Holynia has an extremely dense railway network, with 41,387 km of railway in the country. 35,241 km are electrified at 25 kV AC, with the remaining being non-electrified. The railways fall under the responsibility of the national railway operator, Kráľovskej Holynske železnice (Royal Holynia Railway), which is a private company with the government transport ministry as the sole shareholder. Holynia Railways operates passenger and freight rail services throughout the country. National operator Masovia Rail operates intercity and local passenger services within Masovia. Several private coal companies operate their own private rail lines which connect to the national network. These companies occasionally operate services on the national network under contract by Holynia Railways. Holynia established its first high speed line in 1993 and since then the high speed network has grown to 3,109 km of the national network. Masovia Rail is presently constructing its own high speed line along the coast, utilizing both government and private funding, with service expected to start in 2017.