Jinchao Wars

Jinchao Wars
Clockwise from top: Imperial Hoterallian Navy ships' attack on Lin'an Hoterallian marines occupying the Jiangkou Haicheng Customs Office Hoterallian steamship Eikō (right background) destroying the Beihu fleet outside of Haicheng
Date First Jinchao War: 12 May 1852 – 29 April 1855 (2 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 3 days) Second Jinchao War: 21 October 1891 – 24 September 1892 (11 months and 3 days) Location Beihuhai Result First Jinchao War: Hoterallian victory Treaty of Haicheng Second Jinchao War: Hoterallian victory Treaty of Lin'an Convention of Ryuiki Territorial changes First Jinchao War: Jinchao Archipelago was ceded to Hoterallia. Haicheng-gai Nada was established as a Hoterallians-exclusive settlement. Second Jinchao War: More ports and cities were ceded to Empire of Hoterallia as part of Kitatora-Umi Governance. More treaty ports were created and more unequal treaties were signed.
Belligerents
Empire of Hoterallia	Yan Dynasty

The Jinchao Wars (Huwen: 靜潮戰爭, Hoterallian: 静潮諸島戦争) were two wars waged between the Yan dynasty and Empire of Hoterallia in the mid-19th century and late-19th century. The First Jinchao War, fought in 1852–1855, was a conflict triggered by the Yan dynasty's campaign to enforce its prohibition of opium against Hoterallian merchants who sold opium and the imprisonment of the merchants. The Second Jinchao War was fought from 1891–1892 after an initial invasion attempted by the Yan dynasty to retake Jinchao. In each war, the Hoterallian force's modern military technology led to an easy victory over the Yan forces. The Yan government was compelled to grant favorable tariffs, trade concessions, reparations, and territory to the Hoterallian.

The wars and the subsequently-imposed treaties weakened the Yan imperial government and forced Beihuhai to open specified treaty ports that handled all trade with imperial powers. In addition, Hoterallia also occupied a portion of the Yan dynasty's capital, Haicheng, and created a government for occupied territories that the Yan dynasty ceded to Hoterallia.

The prestige of the Yan dynasty, along with the classical tradition in Beihuhai, suffered a major blow. The humiliating loss of ports and a portion of the capital sparked an unprecedented public outcry. Within Beihuhai, the defeat was a catalyst for a series of political upheavals led by TBA, culminating in the 1912 Bamboo Revolution.