Chancellor of Germany (TNO:ANM)
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Chancellor of the Reich | |
---|---|
Reichskanzler (German) | |
Standard of the chancellor | |
Reich Government | |
Style | Mr. Chancellor (informal) His Excellency (diplomatic) |
Type | Head of government |
Appointer | President of Germany |
Term length | 4 years, renewable |
Constituting instrument | German constitution |
Inaugural holder | Otto von Bismarck |
Formation | 21 March 1871 |
Salary | ℛ︁ℳ︁400,000 |
reichskanzlei.de |
The chancellor of Germany, officially the chancellor of the Reich, (German: Reichskanzler) is the head of government of Germany. Along with the Reichsministers, he forms the national government and determines the guidelines of their policy. The chancellor is considered the highest official, though by the order of precedence the chancellor only ranks third place.
The chancellor is elected by the Reichstag on the advice of the president, and then appointed by the president and sworn in by the president of the Reichstag.
List of officeholders
† denotes people who died in office.
North German Confederation (1867-1871)
Portrait | Bundeskanzler | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898) | 1 July 1867 | 21 March 1871 | 3 years, 263 days | Non partisan |
German Empire (1871-1918)
Portrait | Reichskanzler | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Cabinet | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898) | 21 March 1871 | 20 March 1890 | 18 years, 364 days | Non partisan | Bismarck | ||
Leo von Caprivi (1831–1899) | 20 March 1890 | 26 October 1894 | 4 years, 220 days | Non partisan | Caprivi | ||
Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1819–1901) | 29 October 1894 | 17 October 1900 | 5 years, 353 days | Non partisan | Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst | ||
Bernhard von Bülow (1849–1929) | 17 October 1900 | 14 July 1909 | 8 years, 270 days | Non partisan | Bülow | ||
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856–1921) | 14 July 1909 | 13 July 1917 | 7 years, 364 days | Non partisan | Bethmann Hollweg | ||
Georg Michaelis (1857–1936) | 14 July 1917 | 1 November 1917 | 111 days | Non partisan | Michaelis cabinet | ||
Georg von Hertling (1843–1919) | 1 November 1917 | 30 September 1918 | 333 days | Centre | Hertling | ||
Max von Baden (1867–1929) | 3 October 1918 | 9 November 1918 | 37 days | Non partisan | Baden |
Weimar Republic (1918-1933)
Portrait | Reichskanzler | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Cabinet | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Friedrich Ebert (1871–1925) | 9 November 1918 | 13 February 1919 | 96 days | SPD | Council of the People's Deputies SPD–USPD (as of 29 December 1918 SPD alone) | ||
Philipp Scheidemann (1865–1939) | 13 February 1919 | 20 June 1919 | 127 days | SPD | Scheidemann SPD–DDP–Z (Weimar Coalition) | ||
Gustav Bauer (1870–1944) | 21 June 1919 | 26 March 1920 | 279 days | SPD | Bauer SPD–DDP–Z (Weimar Coalition) | ||
Hermann Müller (1876–1931) | 27 March 1920 | 21 June 1920 | 86 days | SPD | Müller I SPD–DDP–Z (Weimar Coalition) | ||
Constantin Fehrenbach (1852–1926) | 25 June 1920 | 10 May 1921 | 319 days | Centre | Fehrenbach Z–DDP–DVP | ||
Joseph Wirth (1879–1956) | 10 May 1921 | 22 November 1922 | 1 year, 196 days | Centre | Wirth I Z–SPD–DDP (Weimar Coalition) Wirth II Z–SPD–DDP (Weimar Coalition) | ||
Wilhelm Cuno (1876–1933) | 22 November 1922 | 12 August 1923 | 263 days | Non partisan | Cuno Ind.–DVP–DDP–Z–BVP | ||
Gustav Stresemann (1878–1929) | 13 August 1923 | 30 November 1923 | 109 days | DVP | Stresemann I DVP–SPD–Z–DDP Stresemann II DVP–SPD–Z–DDP | ||
Wilhelm Marx (1863–1946) | 30 November 1923 | 15 January 1925 | 1 year, 46 days | Centre | Marx I Z–DVP–BVP–DDP Marx II Z–DVP–DDP | ||
Hans Luther (1879–1962) | 15 January 1925 | 12 May 1926 | 1 year, 117 days | Non partisan | Luther I DVP–DNVP–Z–DDP–BVP Luther II DVP–Z–DDP–BVP | ||
(1863–1946) | Wilhelm Marx17 May 1926 | 28 June 1928 | 2 years, 42 days | Centre | Marx III Z–DVP–DDP–BVP Marx IV Z–DNVP–DVP–BVP | ||
(1876–1931) | Hermann Müller28 June 1928 | 27 March 1930 | 1 year, 272 days | SPD | Müller II SPD–DVP–DDP–Z–BVP | ||
Heinrich Brüning (1885–1970) | 30 March 1930 | 30 May 1932 | 2 years, 61 days | Centre | Brüning I Z–DDP–DVP–WF–BVP–KVP Brüning II Z–DSP–BVP–KVP–CLV | ||
Franz von Papen (1879–1969) | 1 June 1932 | 3 December 1932 | 185 days | Non partisan | Papen I Ind.–DNVP | ||
Kurt von Schleicher (1882–1934) | 3 December 1932 | 30 January 1933 | 58 days | Non partisan | Schleicher I Ind.–DNVP | ||
Adolf Hitler (1889–1963) | 30 January 1933 | 24 March 1933 | 53 days | NSDAP | Hitler NSDAP–DNVP |
Nazi Germany (1933-1976)
- ↑ Retroactively affiliated with the DVP: during the time of his chancellorship, he was an independent politician.
Portrait | Reichskanzler | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Cabinet | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adolf Hitler (1889–1963) from 1934 Führer und Reichskanzler | 24 March 1933 | 15 October 1963 | 30 years, 205 days | NSDAP | Hitler NSDAP | ||
Albert Speer (1905–1980) Recognized as Führer and Chancellor 23 March 1964 | 23 March 1964 | 3 April 1977 | 13 years, 11 days | NSDAP | Speer NSDAP | ||
Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1904–1988) Interim chancellor until elections in 1978 | 3 April 1977 | 13 March 1978 | 344 days | German People's Party (TNO:ANM) | Kiesinger DVP[a] |
German Reich (1978 - )
Portrait | Reichskanzler | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Cabinet | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Helmut Schmidt (1918–2015) | 13 March 1978 | 1 October 1982 | 4 years, 202 days | Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM) | Schmidt LDPD–DVP | ||
Rainer Barzel (1924–2006) | 1 October 1982 | 25 October 1984 | 2 years, 24 days | German People's Party (TNO:ANM) | Barzel DVP–LDPD | ||
Hans-Jochen Vogel (1926–2020) | 25 October 1984 | 29 May 1991 | 6 years, 216 days | SDAP | Vogel SDAP–LDPD | ||
Klaus Kinkel (1936–2019) | 29 May 1991 | 26 October 1994 | 3 years, 150 days | Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM) | Kinkel LDPD–SDAP | ||
Helmut Kohl (1930–2017) | 26 October 1994 | 7 November 1998 | 4 years, 12 days | German People's Party (TNO:ANM) | Kohl DVP–LDPD | ||
Edmund Stoiber (born 1941) | 7 November 1998 | 18 September 2006 | 7 years, 315 days | German People's Party (TNO:ANM) | Stoiber DVP–LDPD | ||
Gerhard Schröder (born 1944) | 18 September 2006 | 21 March 2009 | 2 years, 184 days | SDAP | Stoiber SDAP–DVP | ||
Angela Kasner (born 1954) | 21 March 2009 | 22 November 2011 | 2 years, 246 days | German People's Party (TNO:ANM) | Kasner I DVP–LDPD | ||
Sigmar Gabriel (born 1959) | 22 November 2011 | 19 March 2013 | 1 year, 117 days | SDAP | Gabriel SDAP–DVP–LDPD | ||
(born 1954) | Angela Kasner19 March 2013 | 7 December 2018 | 5 years, 263 days | German People's Party (TNO:ANM) | Kasner II DVP–LDPD–SDAP | ||
Frank-Walter Steinmeier (born 1956) | 7 December 2018 | 27 January 2024 | 5 years, 51 days | SDAP | Steinmeier SDAP–DVP–LDPD | ||
Jens Spahn (born 1980) | 27 January 2024 | 227 days | German People's Party (TNO:ANM) | Spahn DVP–LDPD |