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10th Holyn Parliament
National Council of Holynia Národná Rada Holynska | |
|---|---|
| 10th Holyn Parliament | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Houses | |
Term limits | 5 years |
| Leadership | |
Speaker | Milan Kríž, National Renewal 8 July 2024 |
1st Deputy Speaker | Peter Novák, National Renewal 18 September 2024 |
2nd Deputy Speaker | Robert Pekár, National Renewal 21 May 2020 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 700 100 Regional Deputies 600 Representatives |
.svg) | |
Council of Regions political groups | His Majesty's Government (37) National Renewal (37) |
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Council of Representatives political groups | His Majesty's Government (275) National Renewal (275) |
The Národná Rada Holynska (English: National Council of Holynia) is the bicameral legislature of Holynia, a unitary constitutional monarchy. Power is centralized but devolved through the constitution and legislation to regional governments, creating a framework for local governance without forming a federation. The King of Holynia serves as the ceremonial head of state, while the Prime Minister and Cabinet exercise executive powers. However, all legislation requires Royal Assent to become law, underscoring the monarch’s constitutional role in Holynian governance.
The current structure of the Národná Rada was established in 2001, following Holynia’s transition from communism to a parliamentary democracy. It consists of two houses; the Council of Representatives, which is directly elected, and the Council of Regions, which represents the interests of Holynia's 20 administrative regions.
History
The modern Národná Rada was established in 2001 following Holynia’s transition from a communist state to a parliamentary democracy. Prior to this, Holynia had a single-party legislature under communist rule, which was dissolved during the democratic reforms of the late 1990s. The 2001 reforms introduced the bicameral structure and mixed electoral system, designed to balance proportional representation with regional interests.
Composition
Council of Regions
The Council of Regions is the upper house of parliament and is composed of 100 members, with each of Holynia’s 20 regions electing five representatives. Members are selected indirectly by regional assemblies, reflecting the principle of equal regional representation, regardless of population.
Council of Representatives
The Council of Representatives is the lower house of the Národná Rada and consists of 600 seats. Members are elected every five years through a mixed electoral system that combines at-large constituencies with party lists and proportional representation. This system ensures a balance between regional accountability and proportional political representation.
The Národná Rada follows a structured legislative process:
- Introduction of Bills: Legislation can be proposed by members of either house, the Prime Minister, or through citizen initiatives.
- Debate and Committee Review: Bills are debated in the Council of Representatives, with detailed examination conducted by specialized committees.
- Council of Regions Review: The Council of Regions reviews bills passed by the lower house, offering amendments or recommendations to reflect regional interests.
- Approval and Royal Assent: Once approved by both chambers, the bill is sent to the monarch for Royal Assent. Although this is typically a formality, it is constitutionally required for the enactment of laws.
Sessions
The Národná Rada meets in regular sessions three times a year, with additional extraordinary sessions convened as needed. Sessions alternate between the chambers, although joint sessions may be called for significant national events or major policy debates.
Committees
Both chambers rely on a network of specialized committees to review legislation, conduct investigations, and provide detailed analysis on key issues. These include committees on defense, foreign affairs, finance, education, and healthcare.
Investigative commissions
Members of the Národná Rada are empowered to conduct investigations if a committee and the Národná Rada vote to open a temporary investigative commission. They have broad powers related to the scope of the investigation. At the conclusion of an investigation, the findings are typically read and published to the whole of the Národná Rada. The Národná Rada can order the findings be published under seal, preventing their disclosure to the general public or be publicly read aloud in the chamber. An investigative commission can also forward their findings to the Prosecutor General.
Location
The Národná Rada Holynska convenes in Narodný Palác (National Palace), a historic building in the capital city of Cizekporok. The complex includes:
- Assembly Hall of the Council of Representatives: A grand chamber designed to accommodate the 600 representatives.
- Council of Regions Chamber: A smaller, more formal chamber reflecting the deliberative nature of the upper house.
- Public Galleries: Spaces for citizens and the press to observe parliamentary sessions.
Elections
Elections to both chambers of the Národná Rada are held every five years, although early elections may be called under specific circumstances, such as a failure to form a government.
Council of Representatives Elections
Elections to the Council of Representatives use a mixed-member proportional representation system, with voters casting two votes:
- Constituency Vote: For a political party within their at-large constituency (300 seats).
- National List Vote: For a political party at the national level, which determines the allocation of the remaining 300 seats.
To enter the Council of Representatives, a party must surpass a 5% national threshold or win at least one constituency seat. This system balances proportional representation with regional accountability.
Council of Regions Elections
The members of the Council of Regions are selected by regional assemblies. Each of Holynia’s 20 regions elects five representatives through a process determined by its regional legislature, ensuring diversity in representation while maintaining equal regional influence.
Incidents
In 1999, the Holynian Parliament descended into chaos during a heated debate over the Spero Treaty Organization’s (STO) intervention in Bogoria, led by Cuscan troops. The intervention, aimed at quelling the escalating violence in the neighboring country, divided Holynian lawmakers. Pro-intervention factions, led by Foreign Minister Ivana Petrakova, supported the mission as a necessary step for regional stability, while nationalist hardliners, spearheaded by Marek Sidorov, condemned it as Cuscan imperialism encroaching on Holynia's sphere of influence. Tensions reached a boiling point when Sidorov’s accusations against the intervention provoked a fiery response from Petrakova, leading to shouting, physical intimidation, and an eventual eruption of violence on the parliamentary floor.
The altercation turned into a full-scale brawl, with lawmakers exchanging punches, shoves, and verbal attacks, causing significant chaos in the chamber. Parliamentary security struggled to restore order, with overturned chairs and scattered papers marking the aftermath of the melee. The incident garnered international attention, highlighting the deep divisions in Holynia over its foreign policy and fueling nationalist sentiment among the public. The brawl damaged the government’s credibility, polarized the country further, and became a symbol of Holynia’s volatile political climate during a critical moment in regional geopolitics.
NO party
Holyn National Renewal Holynska Národná Obnova | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chairperson | Renáta Mišurová |
| Founder | Renáta Mišurová and Havel Řehák |
| Founded | June 22, 2015 |
| Merger of | Obnova, Svätá Ludová, Akcia Teraz |
| Headquarters | 51 Mlýnské údolí, Cizekporok, Holynia |
| Ideology | Conservatism National liberalism National conservatism Right-wing populism |
| Political position | Right-wing |
| Colours | Blue |
| Council of Regions | 37 / 100 |
| Council of Representatives | 275 / 600 |
| Most seats | 301 (2019) |
| Website | |
| narodnaobnova.co.hy | |
Holynska Národná Obnova (English: Holyn National Renewal, HNO), commonly shortened to Národná Obnova, is a right-wing political party in Holynia, founded on June 22, 2015. The party was established through the merger of three political movements: Obnova, Svätá Ludová, and Akcia Teraz, consolidating their ideologies into a unified platform of conservatism, national liberalism, and national conservatism. Since its inception, HNO has grown to become the dominant political force in Holynia, leading the government under the leadership of its founder and chairperson, Renáta Mišurová, the current Prime Minister.
The party's headquarters is located at 51 Mlýnské údolí, Cizekporok, and its official color is blue.
History
The formation of National Renewal in 2015 was driven by a perceived need to unify the fragmented right-wing opposition to the ruling coalition at the time. Renáta Mišurová and Havel Řehák, prominent figures in Holynia’s conservative political circles, spearheaded the merger of Obnova, Svätá Ludová, and Akcia Teraz. The merger aimed to combine traditional values with modern political strategies, appealing to a broad base of voters concerned about issues such as immigration, national security, and economic stagnation.
HNO’s first electoral success came in the 2015 general election, where it secured 126 seats in the Council of Representatives, becoming the largest opposition party. By 2019, the party had solidified its support, achieving a historic victory with 301 seats, marking the first time a single party had come close to an outright majority under Holynia’s proportional representation system.
The 2019 election victory propelled Renáta Mišurová to the position of Prime Minister, and she has since led the government through successive terms, implementing a robust policy agenda focused on national sovereignty, economic liberalization, and cultural preservation.
Ideology
Holyn National Renewal positions itself on the right-wing of Holynian politics, blending elements of conservatism, national liberalism, national conservatism, and right-wing populism. A strong emphasis on protecting Holynia’s independence, resisting external influences, and prioritizing Holynian interests in foreign policy. Národná Obnova has advocated for a free-market economy with limited government intervention, while promoting strategic industries to ensure national self-reliance. The party has committed to upholding traditional Holynian values and opposing what it sees as threats to the nation’s cultural identity. The party is in favour of implementing stricter immigration policies, citing concerns over security and social cohesion. Supporting increased defense spending and modernizing the armed forces to address emerging security threats.
NO’s messaging often includes populist themes, appealing to voters frustrated with the political establishment. The party’s rhetoric frequently criticizes globalism, unchecked immigration, and perceived elitism in Holynia’s political system.
Opponents accuse the party of eroding democratic norms through aggressive rhetoric and centralization of power. The 2023 military action in Kifathe has been widely criticized as an overreach, with accusations that the government stoked tensions to justify the conflict. HNO’s immigration reforms have been labeled xenophobic by human rights organizations. The party has faced accusations of cronyism, though investigations have not led to formal charges.
Election results
Holyn National Renewal has demonstrated consistent electoral success since its founding, dominating both the Council of Representatives and the Council of Regions.
Council of Representatives
- 2015: 126 seats
- 2019: 301 seats (peak performance)
- 2024: 275 seats
Council of Regions
- 2024: 37 out of 100 seats
While HNO saw a slight decline in the 2024 elections, it retained its status as the largest party in both chambers and remains the leading force in Holynian politics.
Leadership
The party’s leadership has been a significant factor in its success, with Renáta Mišurová serving as its chairperson since its inception. Known for her pragmatic leadership and strong communication skills, Mišurová has guided the party through periods of both growth and controversy.
Other notable figures within the party include:
- Havel Řehák, co-founder and architect of the party’s initial policy platform.
- Martina Bohušová, Minister of Foreign Affairs and key advocate for HNO’s national sovereignty agenda.
- Lukáš Vojta, Minister of Defense and proponent of Holynia’s increased military spending.
The party operates through a hierarchical structure with the Chairperson at the top, supported by a National Executive Committee responsible for strategic decisions. Local party branches play a critical role in organizing grassroots campaigns and voter outreach.
The party’s headquarters at 51 Mlýnské údolí, Cizekporok, serves as the central hub for policymaking, media relations, and coordination of national campaigns.
Holyn Workers' Party
Holyn Workers' Party Holynská Robotnícka Strana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Kryštof Lázňovský |
| Founder | Volen Hajek |
| Founded | January 15, 1921 |
| Headquarters | 31 Hlavná, Cizekporok, Holynia |
| Ideology | Communism (Ideological goal) Socialism Democratic Socialism |
| Political position | Left-wing to far-left |
| Council of Regions | 16 / 100
|
| Council of Representatives | 161 / 600
|
| Party flag | |
 | |
| Website | |
| robotnickastrana.co.hy | |
The Holyn Workers' Party (Hornat: Holynská Robotnícka Strana, HRS) is a major left-wing political party in Holynia. Initially established as the ruling party of communist Holynia, it has since transitioned into a key player in the country’s democratic political system. The HRS has historically positioned itself as a champion of labor rights, social justice, and progressive economic policies, but its legacy as the former vanguard of a one-party state has continued to shape its identity and influence its trajectory.
History
Foundation and single-party rule (1921–1998)
The Holyn Workers' Party was founded in 1921 by Volen Hajek. The party grew in popularity by associating with trade unions and opposing the unpopular government. It soon formed an armed faction and courted members of the military. This buildup and growing opposition to the ruling class saw Holynia fall into civil war. The civil war resulted in a victory for the Workers' Party and its allies. The Workers' Party centralized its rule and pushed out opposition, with Hajek ruling Holynia as a single party state. The Workers' Party functioned to serve as the ruling political organization of the Holyn Socialist States. During this period, it controlled all aspects of political and economic life, implementing centralized planning and collectivization policies. While it oversaw industrialization and expanded access to healthcare and education, its rule was marked by widespread repression, limited political freedoms, and economic stagnation in its later years.
Democratic Transition and Reformation
Following the fall of communism in Holynia in 1998, the HRS was forced to relinquish its monopoly on power. Many of its leaders were ousted, and the party underwent a significant transformation, abandoning its communist ideology in favor of democratic socialism. During the 2000s, it struggled to rebuild its support base in a competitive political landscape dominated by center-right and liberal parties. The party inherited much of the real estate and financial assets from the communist era. Some party assets were seized during decommunization efforts in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
By the early 2000s, under the leadership of reformist figures, the HRS successfully rebranded itself as a modern left-wing party, advocating for social welfare programs, labor rights, and equitable economic policies.
The HRS formed its first government in democratic Holynia after winning the 2003 general elections, benefiting from public discontent with the economic inequality and privatization efforts of the early 2000s. The party's administration expanded welfare programs, strengthened labor protections, and pursued moderate economic reforms. However, allegations of corruption and inefficiency led to its defeat in 2009.
After a period in opposition, the HRS returned to power in 2015, led by a new generation of leaders promising progressive reforms. Its policies focused on addressing income inequality, expanding public healthcare, and investing in education. However, internal divisions and growing criticism over its handling of economic challenges resulted in another electoral defeat in 2019.
Recent Developments
In the 2024 general elections, the HRS suffered a significant loss to the ruling coalition led by Prime Minister Renáta Mišurová. This defeat marked a period of introspection and internal debate within the party. The resignation of its long-serving leader triggered a leadership race, revealing a rift between moderates seeking to maintain the party’s progressive platform and hardliners advocating for a return to policies reminiscent of Holynia's communist era.
Since 2024, the party’s hardline faction has gained prominence, calling for a radical shift in the HRS's agenda. These members argue that the party should embrace more state control over the economy, nationalize key industries, and adopt a stronger stance against neoliberal policies. Critics have warned that this shift could alienate moderate voters and damage the party’s credibility in democratic Holynia.
Ideology
The HSP identifies as a democratic socialist party, focusing on expanding access to healthcare, education, and housing. Advocating for workers rights by protecting labor unions and ensuring fair wages. Reducing income inequality through progressive taxation and public investments.
While moderates emphasize collaboration with other parties and pragmatic governance, hardliners within the party advocate for a more confrontational approach and a return to state-dominated economic policies.
Election results
The HRS remains one of Holynia’s largest political parties, but its support has fluctuated over the years. It has traditionally drawn strong backing from rural workers, public sector employees, and older voters nostalgic for the stability of the communist era.
Leadership
The party’s leadership has been instrumental in shaping its direction. Past leaders include:
- Andrej Sedláček (2000–2009): Oversaw the party’s first democratic government.
- Vincent Jeleň (2009-2014): Largely viewed as an interim leader, defeated in the 2012 election.
- Štefan Jahnátek (2014–2024): Led the HRS’s return to power with a progressive platform.
- Kryštof Lázňovský (2024-present): Far-left economist advocating for a strong central government.