Manannandrahana: Difference between revisions
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|status = <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations--> | |status = <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations--> | ||
|image_flag = <!--e.g. Flag of country.svg--> File:Manannandrahana.png | |image_flag = <!--e.g. Flag of country.svg--> File:Manannandrahana.png | ||
|alt_flag = <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)--> | |alt_flag = <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)--> Flag of Manannandrahana | ||
|flag_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> yes | |flag_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> yes | ||
|image_flag2 = <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg--> | |image_flag2 = <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg--> | ||
|alt_flag2 = <!--alt text for second flag--> | |alt_flag2 = <!--alt text for second flag--> | ||
|flag2_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> | |flag2_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> | ||
|image_coat = <!--e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg--> | |image_coat = <!--e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg--> File:Emblem of the Malagasy Republic.svg | ||
|alt_coat = <!--alt text for coat of arms--> | |alt_coat = <!--alt text for coat of arms--> | ||
|symbol_type = <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)--> | |symbol_type = <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)--> | ||
|symbol_footnote = <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption--> | |symbol_footnote = <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption--> Coat of Arms of Manannandrahana | ||
|national_motto = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> {{native phrase|mg|Tompo ô, omeo ranonorana sy vokatra tsara izahay}} | |national_motto = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> {{native phrase|mg|Tompo ô, omeo ranonorana sy vokatra tsara izahay}} | ||
|englishmotto = <!--English language version of motto--> O Lord, give us rain and good harvest | |englishmotto = <!--English language version of motto--> O Lord, give us rain and good harvest | ||
|national_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | |national_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> {{native name|mg|Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!|nolink=yes}}[[File:MediaPlayer.png|180px|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOL7c8C4cvo]] | ||
|royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | |royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | ||
|other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | |other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city--> | |largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city--> | ||
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement--> | |largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement--> | ||
|official_languages = <!--Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc--> | |official_languages = <!--Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc--> [[wikipedia: Malagasy language|Malagasy]] and [[wikipedia:French language|French]] | ||
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc--> | |national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc--> | ||
|regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--> | |regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--> [[Malagasy creole]] | ||
|languages_type = <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional--> | |languages_type = <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional--> | ||
|languages = <!--Languages of the further type--> | |languages = <!--Languages of the further type--> | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)--> | |religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)--> | ||
|demonym = <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)--> Manannese | |demonym = <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)--> Manannese | ||
|government_type = <!--(often a compound multi-wikilinked term, e.g. "Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic", etc)--> | |government_type = <!--(often a compound multi-wikilinked term, e.g. "Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic", etc)--> [[wikipedia: Unitary state|Unitary]]<br>[[wikipedia:Semi-parliamentary system|semi-parliamentary]]<br>[[wikipedia: Republic|republic]] | ||
|leader_title1 = <!--(for a country, usually the head of state's (wikilinked) title, e.g. "President", "Monarch")--> President | |leader_title1 = <!--(for a country, usually the head of state's (wikilinked) title, e.g. "President", "Monarch")--> President | ||
|leader_name1 = Ramiro Rakotonomenjanahary | |leader_name1 = Ramiro Rakotonomenjanahary | ||
| Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
|area_rank = | |area_rank = | ||
|area = <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)--> | |area = <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)--> | ||
|area_km2 = <!--Major area size (in square km)--> | |area_km2 = <!--Major area size (in square km)--> 587,041 | ||
|area_sq_mi = <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)--> | |area_sq_mi = <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)--> | ||
|area_footnote = <!--Optional footnote for area--> | |area_footnote = <!--Optional footnote for area--> | ||
|percent_water = | |percent_water = 0.9 | ||
|area_label = <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")--> | |area_label = <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")--> Total | ||
|area_label2 = <!--Label below area_label (optional)--> | |area_label2 = <!--Label below area_label (optional)--> | ||
|area_data2 = <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)--> | |area_data2 = <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)--> | ||
|population_estimate = | |population_estimate = 28,172,462 | ||
|population_estimate_rank = | |population_estimate_rank = | ||
|population_estimate_year = | |population_estimate_year = 2022 | ||
|population_census = | |population_census = | ||
|population_census_year = | |population_census_year = | ||
|population_density_km2 = | |population_density_km2 = 35.2 | ||
|population_density_sq_mi = | |population_density_sq_mi = | ||
|population_density_rank = | |population_density_rank = | ||
| Line 178: | Line 178: | ||
| year high F = | year high C = | | year high F = | year high C = | ||
| Jan mean F = | Jan mean C = 28. | | Jan mean F = | Jan mean C = 28.1 | ||
| Feb mean F = | Feb mean C = 28.5 | | Feb mean F = | Feb mean C = 28.5 | ||
| Mar mean F = | Mar mean C = 27. | | Mar mean F = | Mar mean C = 27.7 | ||
| Apr mean F = | Apr mean C = 24. | | Apr mean F = | Apr mean C = 24.5 | ||
| May mean F = | May mean C = 23.4 | | May mean F = | May mean C = 23.4 | ||
| Jun mean F = | Jun mean C = 22. | | Jun mean F = | Jun mean C = 22.4 | ||
| Jul mean F = | Jul mean C = 21.8 | | Jul mean F = | Jul mean C = 21.8 | ||
| Aug mean F = | Aug mean C = 21. | | Aug mean F = | Aug mean C = 21.6 | ||
| Sep mean F = | Sep mean C = 22.3 | | Sep mean F = | Sep mean C = 22.3 | ||
| Oct mean F = | Oct mean C = 22. | | Oct mean F = | Oct mean C = 22.9 | ||
| Nov mean F = | Nov mean C = 23. | | Nov mean F = | Nov mean C = 23.6 | ||
| Dec mean F = | Dec mean C = 27. | | Dec mean F = | Dec mean C = 27.1 | ||
| year mean F = | year mean C = | | year mean F = | year mean C = | ||
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| rain colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green rainfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> green | | rain colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green rainfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> green | ||
| Jan rain inch = | Jan rain cm = | Jan rain mm = | | Jan rain inch = | Jan rain cm = | Jan rain mm = 424.4 | ||
| Feb rain inch = | Feb rain cm = | Feb rain mm = | | Feb rain inch = | Feb rain cm = | Feb rain mm = 215.7 | ||
| Mar rain inch = | Mar rain cm = | Mar rain mm = | | Mar rain inch = | Mar rain cm = | Mar rain mm = 172.4 | ||
| Apr rain inch = | Apr rain cm = | Apr rain mm = | | Apr rain inch = | Apr rain cm = | Apr rain mm = 93.1 | ||
| May rain inch = | May rain cm = | May rain mm = 78.5 | | May rain inch = | May rain cm = | May rain mm = 78.5 | ||
| Jun rain inch = | Jun rain cm = | Jun rain mm = 67.3 | | Jun rain inch = | Jun rain cm = | Jun rain mm = 67.3 | ||
| Jul rain inch = | Jul rain cm = | Jul rain mm = 54.1 | | Jul rain inch = | Jul rain cm = | Jul rain mm = 54.1 | ||
| Aug rain inch = | Aug rain cm = | Aug rain mm = 11.9 | | Aug rain inch = | Aug rain cm = | Aug rain mm = 11.9 | ||
| Sep rain inch = | Sep rain cm = | Sep rain mm = | | Sep rain inch = | Sep rain cm = | Sep rain mm = 38.6 | ||
| Oct rain inch = | Oct rain cm = | Oct rain mm = | | Oct rain inch = | Oct rain cm = | Oct rain mm = 123.4 | ||
| Nov rain inch = | Nov rain cm = | Nov rain mm = | | Nov rain inch = | Nov rain cm = | Nov rain mm = 169.8 | ||
| Dec rain inch = | Dec rain cm = | Dec rain mm = | | Dec rain inch = | Dec rain cm = | Dec rain mm = 256.6 | ||
| year rain inch = | year rain cm = | year rain mm = | | year rain inch = | year rain cm = | year rain mm = | ||
| unit rain days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm. --> | | unit rain days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm. --> | ||
| Line 254: | Line 254: | ||
| year humidity = | | year humidity = | ||
<!-- Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted. --> | <!-- Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted. --> | ||
| Jan sun = | | Jan sun = 210.5 | ||
| Feb sun = <!-- For February only if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> | | Feb sun = <!-- For February only if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> 178 | ||
| Mar sun = | | Mar sun = 199.1 | ||
| Apr sun = | | Apr sun = 220.5 | ||
| May sun = | | May sun = 228.8 | ||
| Jun sun = | | Jun sun = 206.1 | ||
| Jul sun = | | Jul sun = 213.9 | ||
| Aug sun = | | Aug sun = 235.0 | ||
| Sep sun = | | Sep sun = 249.5 | ||
| Oct sun = | | Oct sun = 251.0 | ||
| Nov sun = | | Nov sun = 232.7 | ||
| Dec sun = | | Dec sun = 201.1 | ||
| year sun = | | year sun = | ||
<!-- Average daily sunshine hours. Use this if the source shows daily sunshine hours. --> | <!-- Average daily sunshine hours. Use this if the source shows daily sunshine hours. --> | ||
| Line 296: | Line 296: | ||
| year light= | | year light= | ||
<!-- Average percent of possible sunshine. Number of daylight hours already factored into this number. Note that since this is possible sunshine, nighttime hours should not be included in this calculation. Will produce colours. --> | <!-- Average percent of possible sunshine. Number of daylight hours already factored into this number. Note that since this is possible sunshine, nighttime hours should not be included in this calculation. Will produce colours. --> | ||
| Jan percentsun = | | Jan percentsun = | ||
| Feb percentsun = | | Feb percentsun = | ||
| Mar percentsun = | | Mar percentsun = | ||
| Apr percentsun = | | Apr percentsun = | ||
| May percentsun = | | May percentsun = | ||
| Jun percentsun = | | Jun percentsun = | ||
| Jul percentsun = | | Jul percentsun = | ||
| Aug percentsun = | | Aug percentsun = | ||
| Sep percentsun = | | Sep percentsun = | ||
| Oct percentsun = | | Oct percentsun = | ||
| Nov percentsun = | | Nov percentsun = | ||
| Dec percentsun = | | Dec percentsun = | ||
| year percentsun = | | year percentsun = | ||
<!-- Average daily UV index --> | <!-- Average daily UV index --> | ||
| Jan uv = | | Jan uv = 8 | ||
| Feb uv = | | Feb uv = 9 | ||
| Mar uv = | | Mar uv = 7 | ||
| Apr uv = | | Apr uv = 5 | ||
| May uv = | | May uv = 5 | ||
| Jun uv = | | Jun uv = 4 | ||
| Jul uv = | | Jul uv = 5 | ||
| Aug uv = | | Aug uv = 6 | ||
| Sep uv = | | Sep uv = 7 | ||
| Oct uv = | | Oct uv = 7 | ||
| Nov uv = | | Nov uv = 8 | ||
| Dec uv = | | Dec uv = 9 | ||
| year uv = | | year uv = | ||
}}<!-- Infobox ends --> | }}<!-- Infobox ends --> | ||
The Central, West and Northern parts of the country enjoy a tropical climate, varying between tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Af) and tropical savannah climate (Köppen: Aw). The Southern region has a semi-arid climate. | The Central, West and Northern parts of the country enjoy a tropical climate, varying between tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Af) and tropical savannah climate (Köppen: Aw). The Southern region has a semi-arid climate. | ||
Generally, the country has only two seasons, from November to April, a hot rainy season, with frequent destructive cyclones and lightning storms, and a relatively cooler dry season from May to October. | Generally, the country has only two seasons, from November to April, a hot rainy season, with frequent destructive cyclones and lightning storms, and a relatively cooler dry season from May to October. | ||
==Economy== | |||
Classified as the poorest country in Africa and one of the poorest in the world, Manannandrahana is a low-income economy where the main industry is beef-based agriculture. In the tropical areas, fruit-based agriculture is also very important, being bananas, sugarcane, coffee and rice the most important harvests. It makes around 20% of the GDP yearly and employs most of the population, mainly in the rural areas. The private industry is mostly developed by manufacturing, being an estimate of 73% of the economy. Black market activity is non-existent thanks to the government great work to completely crack it down. | |||
===Employment=== | |||
Manannandrahana has a long history of unemployment and poverty, being 1970-1980 the most critical decades. In the suburbs of the capital, the poverty ranged 90% in 1975 to 1982. In the 2000s, unemployment raised again accompanying a political-economic crisis | |||
Since 2010, the unemployment is having a gradual and steady decline, ranging 30.6% nowadays and around 35% in the rural areas. The government cut off many taxes and following a period of austerity, started to encourage private foreign investors to take part in the economy of the country. That's how many people took part of the workforce. | |||
Unfortunately, many people is still not taking part of the workforce nor the economic stability. | |||
===Inflation=== | |||
The years of economic austerity (''fitsitsiana ara-toekarena'' or simply ''fitsitsiana'') gave path to a speedy reduction of the inflation rates between the year 2000 and 2010. | |||
In 2005, it was elected the Conservative Bernard Rakotobe as President, and as soon as he took office, started his economic plan which was known as ''Rakotonomics''. Many state-owned enterprises were privatised, taxes were drastically reduced and a budgetary cut was severely took forward. The new government had only three secretaries: Security, Law and Order and Administration, altogether forming less than 20% of the GDP. Inflation rate went down from 60% in 1990 to 5% in 2000, and fluctuating from 5% to 2% between 2000 and 2010. | |||
==Demographics== | |||
===Population=== | |||
In the last census, it gave a total population of 28,172,462 inhabitants. A bit less of that population lives in the capital city and the surrounding areas. A considerable amount of people live in rural towns, where they find more opportunities to have a job. Manannandrahana is a country with a very young population, | |||
with approximately 55% of it ranging 0-10 or at least 20 years. | |||
{{Population pyramid | |||
|year=2020 | |||
|m0=7.3|m5=6.2|m10=6.1|m15=6.1|m20=4.8|m25=4.0|m30=3.3|m35=2.5 |m40=1.1 |m45=2.8 |m50=1.5|m55=1.2 |m60=1.7|m65=0.7 |m70=0.9 |m75=0.7|m80=0.8 |m85=0.1 | |||
|f0=7.0|f5=5.8|f10=5.9|f15=6.0|f20=4.9|f25=4.0|f30=3.3|f35=2.0 |f40=1.5|f45=2.2 |f50=1.4|f55=1.2 |f60=1.7|f65=0.3|f70=1.1|f75=0.2|f80=0.6 |f85=0.2 | |||
|mmax=8.5 | |||
|fmax=7.5 | |||
}} | |||
===Religion=== | |||
{{Pie chart | |||
| thumb = left | |||
| caption = Religion in Madagascar (2020) according to the Manannandrahana Statistics Research Centre | |||
| label1 = Christian | |||
| value1 = 84.9 | |||
| color1 = Blue | |||
| label3 = Muslim | |||
| value3 = 3.1 | |||
| color3 = Green | |||
| label2 = Folk religions | |||
| value2 = 4.7 | |||
| color2 = Beige | |||
| label4 = Unaffiliated | |||
| value4 = 7.3 | |||
| color4 = Grey | |||
| label5 = Other | |||
| value5 = 0.3 | |||
| color5 = black | |||
}} | |||
The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and separation of state and religion. In 2019, 84.9% of the population practised Christianity, the majority of which are 46.0% follow Protestantism in many of its variants (Anglican, Lutheran or Reformed Protestant Church), 37.9% follow Roman Catholicism and a 0.8% follow other branches like Eastern Orthodoxy or Mormonism. | |||
A 7.3% of the population is irreligious, agnostic, atheist or unaffiliated, a 4.7% followed folk religions, mainly Animism, focalized in the belief of [[wikipedia: Famadihana|''famadihana'']] or venerating relatives' souls. | |||
A 3.1% follow Islam, being Twelver Shias and Sunnis the largest numbers and a 0.3% follow other religions. | |||
===Language=== | |||
The official languages are Malagasy and French. The last one is mostly used in the massive media and in business. French is also an optional subject at school from the elementary. | |||
In the capital city, Ifanatasoa, and other largest cities, the youngsters created a specie of French-based creole, mixing French, Malagasy, English and some Hindi. | |||
==Government and politics== | |||
The Federal Republic of Manannandrahana works as it name says as a Federal semi-parliamentary republic, where the head of government is the President and the head of State is the Prime Minister. The Executive is elected every four years in free, equal, and direct elections. Voting is voluntary for every citizen from 15 years old. The Prime Minister is nominated by the President and needs a parliamentary vote of comfidence to form a government, if not reached, it can form a coalition government or dissolve the parliament and call for a snap election. | |||
Both the President and the Prime Minister lead the administration of the country, but the Prime Minister is the one who represents the country in the abroad. | |||
Latest revision as of 20:58, 21 February 2023
Federal Republic of Manannandrahana Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana République Féderale du Manannandrahana | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
Motto: Tompo ô, omeo ranonorana sy vokatra tsara izahay (Malagasy) O Lord, give us rain and good harvest | |
Anthem: Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô! (Malagasy)  | |
.svg) | |
| Capital | Ifanatasoa 18° 56′ 0″ S, 47° 31′ 0″ E |
| Official languages | Malagasy and French |
| Recognised regional languages | Malagasy creole |
| Ethnic groups (2002) | |
| Religion (2019) |
|
| Demonym(s) | Manannese |
| Government | Unitary semi-parliamentary republic |
• President | Ramiro Rakotonomenjanahary |
• Prime Minister | Rasoherina Ramandimbilahatra |
| Area | |
• Total | 587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 0.9 |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 28,172,462 |
• Density | 35.2/km2 (91.2/sq mi) |
| Gini | 28.5 low |
| HDI |  0.121low |
| Currency | Ariary (MNA) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+4 |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +261 |
Manannandrahana, officially Federal Republic of Manannandrahana (Malagasy: Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana
French: République Féderale du Manannandrahana) is a sovereign country in East Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean and smaller islands. In recent times, the island is having major problem with corruption, famine and hyperinflation, together with a political crisis that some years ago ended in a coup d'état. Adolescent pregnancies are also a major problem in the poorest and smallest villages, with an average of 16.9 pregnancies yearly.
Geography
Most of the territory is covered by a dense jungle with high-crowned trees, aboundant vegetation and mangroves. In the southwest, there's a drier climate and less vegetation, mainly shrubs.
Climate
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high °C (°F) | 33.1 (91.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
30.3 (86.5) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.7 (87.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.1 (82.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23.2 (73.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 424.4 (16.71) |
215.7 (8.49) |
172.4 (6.79) |
93.1 (3.67) |
78.5 (3.09) |
67.3 (2.65) |
54.1 (2.13) |
11.9 (0.47) |
38.6 (1.52) |
123.4 (4.86) |
169.8 (6.69) |
256.6 (10.10) |
1,705.8 (67.17) |
| Average rainy days | 19.8 | 17.5 | 15.3 | 8.0 | 5.7 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 5.4 | 9.6 | 11.8 | 14.4 | 111.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80.0 | 79.6 | 79.6 | 79.0 | 79.0 | 78.6 | 78.0 | 75.3 | 75.6 | 76.3 | 79.0 | 79.3 | 78.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 210.5 | 178 | 199.1 | 220.5 | 228.8 | 206.1 | 213.9 | 235.0 | 249.5 | 251.0 | 232.7 | 201.1 | 2,626.2 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 |
The Central, West and Northern parts of the country enjoy a tropical climate, varying between tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Af) and tropical savannah climate (Köppen: Aw). The Southern region has a semi-arid climate. Generally, the country has only two seasons, from November to April, a hot rainy season, with frequent destructive cyclones and lightning storms, and a relatively cooler dry season from May to October.
Economy
Classified as the poorest country in Africa and one of the poorest in the world, Manannandrahana is a low-income economy where the main industry is beef-based agriculture. In the tropical areas, fruit-based agriculture is also very important, being bananas, sugarcane, coffee and rice the most important harvests. It makes around 20% of the GDP yearly and employs most of the population, mainly in the rural areas. The private industry is mostly developed by manufacturing, being an estimate of 73% of the economy. Black market activity is non-existent thanks to the government great work to completely crack it down.
Employment
Manannandrahana has a long history of unemployment and poverty, being 1970-1980 the most critical decades. In the suburbs of the capital, the poverty ranged 90% in 1975 to 1982. In the 2000s, unemployment raised again accompanying a political-economic crisis Since 2010, the unemployment is having a gradual and steady decline, ranging 30.6% nowadays and around 35% in the rural areas. The government cut off many taxes and following a period of austerity, started to encourage private foreign investors to take part in the economy of the country. That's how many people took part of the workforce. Unfortunately, many people is still not taking part of the workforce nor the economic stability.
Inflation
The years of economic austerity (fitsitsiana ara-toekarena or simply fitsitsiana) gave path to a speedy reduction of the inflation rates between the year 2000 and 2010. In 2005, it was elected the Conservative Bernard Rakotobe as President, and as soon as he took office, started his economic plan which was known as Rakotonomics. Many state-owned enterprises were privatised, taxes were drastically reduced and a budgetary cut was severely took forward. The new government had only three secretaries: Security, Law and Order and Administration, altogether forming less than 20% of the GDP. Inflation rate went down from 60% in 1990 to 5% in 2000, and fluctuating from 5% to 2% between 2000 and 2010.
Demographics
Population
In the last census, it gave a total population of 28,172,462 inhabitants. A bit less of that population lives in the capital city and the surrounding areas. A considerable amount of people live in rural towns, where they find more opportunities to have a job. Manannandrahana is a country with a very young population, with approximately 55% of it ranging 0-10 or at least 20 years.
| Population pyramid 2020 | ||||
| % | Males | Age | Females | % |
| 0.1 | 85+ | 0.2 | ||
| 0.8 | 80–84 | 0.6 | ||
| 0.7 | 75–79 | 0.2 | ||
| 0.9 | 70–74 | 1.1 | ||
| 0.7 | 65–69 | 0.3 | ||
| 1.7 | 60–64 | 1.7 | ||
| 1.2 | 55–59 | 1.2 | ||
| 1.5 | 50–54 | 1.4 | ||
| 2.8 | 45–49 | 2.2 | ||
| 1.1 | 40–44 | 1.5 | ||
| 2.5 | 35–39 | 2.0 | ||
| 3.3 | 30–34 | 3.3 | ||
| 4.0 | 25–29 | 4.0 | ||
| 4.8 | 20–24 | 4.9 | ||
| 6.1 | 15–19 | 6.0 | ||
| 6.1 | 10–14 | 5.9 | ||
| 6.2 | 5–9 | 5.8 | ||
| 7.3 | 0–4 | 7.0 | ||
Religion
Religion in Madagascar (2020) according to the Manannandrahana Statistics Research Centre
The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and separation of state and religion. In 2019, 84.9% of the population practised Christianity, the majority of which are 46.0% follow Protestantism in many of its variants (Anglican, Lutheran or Reformed Protestant Church), 37.9% follow Roman Catholicism and a 0.8% follow other branches like Eastern Orthodoxy or Mormonism. A 7.3% of the population is irreligious, agnostic, atheist or unaffiliated, a 4.7% followed folk religions, mainly Animism, focalized in the belief of famadihana or venerating relatives' souls. A 3.1% follow Islam, being Twelver Shias and Sunnis the largest numbers and a 0.3% follow other religions.
Language
The official languages are Malagasy and French. The last one is mostly used in the massive media and in business. French is also an optional subject at school from the elementary. In the capital city, Ifanatasoa, and other largest cities, the youngsters created a specie of French-based creole, mixing French, Malagasy, English and some Hindi.
Government and politics
The Federal Republic of Manannandrahana works as it name says as a Federal semi-parliamentary republic, where the head of government is the President and the head of State is the Prime Minister. The Executive is elected every four years in free, equal, and direct elections. Voting is voluntary for every citizen from 15 years old. The Prime Minister is nominated by the President and needs a parliamentary vote of comfidence to form a government, if not reached, it can form a coalition government or dissolve the parliament and call for a snap election.
Both the President and the Prime Minister lead the administration of the country, but the Prime Minister is the one who represents the country in the abroad.