Utochise orthography
| Utochise alphabet Útočjſká abeceda | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Alphabet
|
| Languages | |
| Created | ~1850 |
| Published | 1856
|
Parent systems | Latin script
|
The Utochise orthography (Utochise: Útočjſký pravopis) is a set of rules, that guide the written form of the Utochise language.
The Alphabet
| A a /a ~ ɑ/ |
Á á /aː ~ ɑː/ |
Å å /ɔ ~ ɒ/ |
B b /b/ |
C c /ts/ |
Č č /tʃ/ |
D d /d/ |
Ď ď /ɟ ~ dʲ/ |
E e /ɛ ~ e/ |
É é /ɛː ~ eː/ |
| Ě ě /ʲe/ |
F f /f/ |
G g /j/ |
Ǧ ǧ /ɡ/ |
H h /ɦ ~ h/ |
Ȟ ȟ /x/ |
I i /i/ |
J j /iː/ |
K k /k/ |
L l /l/ |
| M m /m/ |
N n /n/ |
Ň ň /ɲ/ |
O o /o ~ ɔ/ |
Ó ó /oː ~ ɔː/ |
Ŏ ŏ /uː/ |
P p /p/ |
Q q /kv/ |
R r /r/ |
Ř ř /r̝/ |
| S s ſ /s/ |
Š š ſ̌ /ʃ/ |
T t /t/ |
Ť ť /c/ |
U u /u/ |
Ú ú /uː/ |
V v /v/ |
W w /v/ |
X x /ks/ |
Y y /ɪ/ |
| Ý ý /ɪː/ |
Z z /z/ |
Ž ž /ʒ/ |
| Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | Á | Å | B | C | Č | D | Ď | E | É | Ě | F | G | Ǧ | H | Ȟ | I | J | K | L | M | N | Ň | O | Ó | Ŏ | P | Q | R | Ř | S | Š | T | Ť | U | Ú | V | W | X | Y | Ý | Z | Ž | ||
| Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | á | å | b | c | č | d | ď | e | é | ě | f | g | ǧ | h | ȟ | i | j | k | l | m | n | ň | o | ó | ŏ | p | q | r | ř | s | ſ | š | ſ̌ | t | ť | u | ú | v | w | x | y | ý | z | ž |
| International Phonetic Alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | aː | ɔ | b | t͡s | t͡ʃ | d | ɟ | ɛ | ɛː | ʲe | f | j | ɡ | ɦ | x | i | iː | k | l | m | n | ɲ | ɔ | ɔː | uː | p | k͡v | r | r̝ | s | ʃ | t | c | u | uː | v | k͡s | ɪ | ɪː | z | ʒ | |||
Long and rounded S and Š
S s ſ
Š š ſ̌
The orthography uses both long and rounded S letters as a miniscule.
The rules on writing those are:
- Long S (ſ) (or ſ̌) is written, if it is on the beginning or in the middle of a syllable
- Rounded S (s) (or š) is written on the end of a syllable or if they act as a syllabic consonant
Both rounded S (s) & long S (ſ), if capitalizated, are written as a regular S
Example: NOM Koſt → GEN Kosti (Bone)
Accute U and breve O
Ú ú ; Ŏ ŏ
The orthography uses both accute and ringed U letters as a miniscule.
The rules on writing those are:
- Accute U (ú) is written in interjections and collocated words (if the ú would stand first before the Collocation)
- Breve O (ŏ) is written in all other cases, originally denoting a vowel shift from /ɔː/→/uː/
Breve O (ŏ), if capitalizated, is written as a capitalized version "Ŏ"
Example: Dŏl → Dolŏ (Mine → Below), Účel → Bezúčelný (Sense → Nonsensical)
Ringed A
Å å
The letter Å is a letter that denotes a vowel shift from /a/ to /ɔ/ in a diphthong /ɔ͡u/, donoted as -åu-.
However, if the letter o is on the end of one syllable and u is on the beginning of other, Å is not used.
Example: Poučit - Påučet (To enlighten - To lend)
Rules on I/J and Ү/У
I i ; J j
Y y; Ý ý
Writing of I/J or Y/Ý is determined based on a letter prior to the symbol.
| Letters | Name | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| D, H, Ȟ, K, N, R, T | Tvrdé (hard) | I (short) / J (long) |
| C, Č, Ď, G, Ň, Ř, Š, Ť, Ž | Měkké (soft) | Y (short) / Ý (long) |
| B, F, L, M, P, S, W, Z | Obogetné (ambiguous) | Based on the Selected words |
| Ǧ, Q, V, X | Negasné (unclear) | — |
Bit - Bjt - Byt - Být (Computer bit - To beat - Flat - To be)