Vellicosian language: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 43: Line 43:
| dia1            =  
| dia1            =  
| dia2            = <!-- up to dia20 -->
| dia2            = <!-- up to dia20 -->
| script = Latin (Vellicosian alphabet)
| script = Latin ([[Vellicosian alphabet]])
| sign             =  
| sign             =  
| posteriori      =  
| posteriori      =  
Line 94: Line 94:
}}
}}


Vellicosian (''Ƿendisch'' [wɛndɪʃ] or ''Ƿendisch tung'' [wɛndɪʃ tʊŋ]), also called Wendish, is a Germanic language of the Norto-Euronian language family. It is spoken primarily in [[Vellicosia]] and serves as the native language of the Wends. It is most-closely related to English, its sister language with whom its phonetics are nigh-identical and words and concepts highly-comparable; and is also closely-related to Beatavician, Besmenian, Birnirian, Drambenburgian, Denzali, and Vœyetskan.
Vellicosian (''Ƿendisch'' [wɛndɪʃ] or ''Ƿendisch tung'' [wɛndɪʃ tʊŋ]), also called Wendish, is a Germanic language of the Norto-Euronian language family. It is spoken primarily in [[Vellicosia]] and serves as the native language of the Wends. It is most-closely related to {{wp|English language|Elbresian}}, its sister language with whom its phonetics are nigh-identical and words and concepts highly-comparable; and is also closely-related to {{wp|Dutch language|Beatavician}}, {{wp|German language|Besmenian}}, Birnirian, [[Drambenburgian]], Denzali, and Vœyetskan.


Vellicosian is an extremely linguistically-purist language, regulated heavily by the Royal Vellicosian Language Council (KǷS). The vocabulary is heavily-conservative, favoring native Vellicosian and Germanic roots, letters, words, and phrases. It creates new words for concepts and ideas not present in Old Vellicosian by forming compound words, reviving archaic words, and creating new words from Germanic and Old Vellicosian roots. It is the only language on [[Iearth]] to employ the use of the runic ''ƿ'' and one of the few to employ the use of ''þ'', also from runic. The language is also notable for its relative-lack of a case system, retaining only vestigial genitive-endings for possessive nouns, thus resulting in minimal inflection.
Vellicosian is an extremely linguistically-purist language, regulated heavily by the Royal Vellicosian Language Council (KǷS). The vocabulary is heavily-conservative, favoring native Vellicosian and Germanic roots, letters, words, and phrases. It creates new words for concepts and ideas not present in Old Vellicosian by forming compound words, reviving archaic words, and creating new words from Germanic and Old Vellicosian roots. It is the only language on [[Iearth]] to employ the use of the runic ''ƿ'' and one of the few to employ the use of ''þ'', also from runic. The language is also notable for its relative-lack of a case system, retaining only vestigial genitive-endings for possessive nouns, thus resulting in minimal inflection.


The traditional 30-letter Vellicosian alphabet has seven additions (á, ð, í, ó, ú, ƿ, þ) to the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet while removing three (q, w, x). These two letters are not used in Vellicosian, instead replaced by the closest approximate letter or sound combination available, even in foreign loan words. The traditional set is comprised of 20 consonants and 10 vowels.
The traditional 30-letter Vellicosian alphabet has seven additions (á, ð, í, ó, ú, ƿ, þ) to the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet while removing three (q, w, x). These three letters are not used in Vellicosian, instead replaced by the closest approximate letter or sound combination available, even in foreign loan words. The traditional set is comprised of 20 consonants and 10 vowels.


==History==
==History==
Line 223: Line 223:


===Alphabet===
===Alphabet===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
The [[Vellicosian alphabet]] is notable for its retention of three letters that no longer exist in the {{wp|English alphabet|Elbresian alphabet}}: {{wp|Thorn|Þ, þ}} (''þorn'', modern-Elbresian "thorn"),  {{wp|Eth|Ð, ð}} (''eð'', elbrecized as "eth" or "edh"), and {{wp|Wynn|Ƿ, ƿ}} (''ƿynn'', elbrecized as "wynn"), with þ and ð representing the {{wp|Voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative|voiceless}} and {{wp|Voiced dental fricative|voiced}} "th" sounds (as in ''thin'' and ''this'') respectively, and ƿ representing the {{wp|Voiced labial–velar approximant|voiced labial-velar approximant}} (as in Elbresian ''want'' or ''win''). Both þ and ƿ come from {{wp|Anglo-Saxon runes|futhark}}, the ancestor to modern Elbresian and Vellicosian spelling. The complete Vellicosian alphabet is:
! {{wp|Letter case|Majuscule forms}} (also called '''uppercase''' or '''capital letters'''
{| class="wikitable" style="table-layout: fixed; width: 50em; text-align: center;"
! style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal:" colspan="30" | {{wp|Letter case|Majuscule forms}} (also called '''uppercase''' or '''capital letters''')
|-
| {{wp|A|A}} || {{wp|Á|Á}} || {{wp|B|B}} || {{wp|C|C}} || {{wp|D|D}} || {{wp|Eth|Ð}}  || {{wp|E|E}} || {{wp|F|F}} || {{wp|G|G}} || {{wp|H|H}} || {{wp|I|I}} || {{wp|Í|Í}}  || {{wp|J|J}} || {{wp|K|K}} || {{wp|L|L}} || {{wp|M|M}} || {{wp|N|N}} || {{wp|O|O}} || {{wp|Ó|Ó}}  || {{wp|P|P}} || {{wp|R|R}} || {{wp|S|S}} || {{wp|T|T}} || {{wp|U|U}} || {{wp|Ú|Ú}}  || {{wp|V|V}} || {{wp|Wynn|Ƿ}} || {{wp|Y|Y}} || {{wp|Z|Z}} || {{wp|Thorn|Þ}}
|-
! style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal:" colspan="30" | {{wp|Letter case|Miniscule forms}} (also called '''lowercase''' or '''small letters''')
|-
|-
| {{wp|A|A}}|{{wp|B|B}}
| a || á || b || c || d || ð || e || f || g || h || i || í || j || k || l || m || n || o || ó || p || r || s || t || u || ú || v || ƿ || y || z || þ
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Digraphs===
The {{wp|Diacritic|letters with diacritics}}, such as ''á'' or ''ú'', are considered separate letters and not variants of their derivative vowels due to the uniformity of Vellicosian orthography. The letter {{wp|É|é}} was officially replaced by the digraph ''ei'' in 1920, although it had been periodically-used in manuscripts from the 14th- to 18th-centuries. The letter {{wp|X|x}} used to exist in the Vellicosian alphabet, but it fell out of style beginning in the early 15th-century and had completely vanished from common use by the 17th-century, replaced by the combination ''ks''.
 
===Trigraph===
 
==Grammar==
==Grammar==


Line 252: Line 254:


==Sample Text==
==Sample Text==
Article 1 of the ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'' in Vellicosian:
''Ol men ár born frí and ályk in ƿerþschip and ryghts. Ðei ár begifted ƿiþ understandíng and myndfulnes and schuld díd túƿords íchóðer ƿiþ bróðerschip.''
Article 1 of the ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'' in Elbresian:


''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
[[Category:Vellicosia]]
[[Category:Vellicosia]]

Latest revision as of 01:53, 23 April 2024

Vellicosian
Ƿendisch
Pronunciation[wɛndɪʃ]
Native toVellicosia
Norto-Euronian
Latin (Vellicosian alphabet)
Official status
Official language in
Vellicosia
Regulated byRoyal Vellicosian Language Council
Language codes
ISO 639-3
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Vellicosian (Ƿendisch [wɛndɪʃ] or Ƿendisch tung [wɛndɪʃ tʊŋ]), also called Wendish, is a Germanic language of the Norto-Euronian language family. It is spoken primarily in Vellicosia and serves as the native language of the Wends. It is most-closely related to Elbresian, its sister language with whom its phonetics are nigh-identical and words and concepts highly-comparable; and is also closely-related to Beatavician, Besmenian, Birnirian, Drambenburgian, Denzali, and Vœyetskan.

Vellicosian is an extremely linguistically-purist language, regulated heavily by the Royal Vellicosian Language Council (KǷS). The vocabulary is heavily-conservative, favoring native Vellicosian and Germanic roots, letters, words, and phrases. It creates new words for concepts and ideas not present in Old Vellicosian by forming compound words, reviving archaic words, and creating new words from Germanic and Old Vellicosian roots. It is the only language on Iearth to employ the use of the runic ƿ and one of the few to employ the use of þ, also from runic. The language is also notable for its relative-lack of a case system, retaining only vestigial genitive-endings for possessive nouns, thus resulting in minimal inflection.

The traditional 30-letter Vellicosian alphabet has seven additions (á, ð, í, ó, ú, ƿ, þ) to the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet while removing three (q, w, x). These three letters are not used in Vellicosian, instead replaced by the closest approximate letter or sound combination available, even in foreign loan words. The traditional set is comprised of 20 consonants and 10 vowels.

History

The history and development of the Vellicosian language is divided into two distinct periods: Old Vellicosian (OV), spoken from the early days of the Vellicosian state to the mid-to-late 1400's, and Modern Vellicosian (MV), which began in the late 1400's after a long transitionary period. The shift between OV and MV is sometimes referred to as Middle Vellicosian, though this term is not widely-accepted in the linguistic community. In a broad period from the late 1400's to the early 1700's occurred the Great Vowel Shift, a series of changes in pronunciation that crafted the phonetics observed today. This massive change in pronunciation, the final great shift from OV to MV, resulted in extensive orthography reforms in the late 1800's to reconcile the gap that had formed between orthography and vulgar pronunciation. During this period came a wave of Wendishism, a drive to rid the Vellicosian language of foreign loanwords and Germanize the language, spurred on by a rise in nationalism and a desire to see Vellicosia emerge as a significant regional power in east Euronia. Amidst the tumult of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries rose the Royal Vellicosian Language Council (RVLC), appointed by William IV to serve as the official governing body of the Vellicosian language. From its founding onward, the RVLC's rulings on the language have been law, enshrining purist sentiments in grammar, orthography, and vocabulary, codifying the rules governing the language spoken today.

Geographic Distribution

Dialects

Phonology

Vowels

Monophthongs
Front Back
Close i u
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Near-open æ
Open ɑ
Diphthongs
Front Back
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid ɔɪ
Open aɪ, aʊ

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Post-Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p b t d k g
Affricate t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Fricative f v θ ð s z ʃ x h
Approximant l ɹ j w

Orthography

Alphabet

The Vellicosian alphabet is notable for its retention of three letters that no longer exist in the Elbresian alphabet: Þ, þ (þorn, modern-Elbresian "thorn"), Ð, ð (, elbrecized as "eth" or "edh"), and Ƿ, ƿ (ƿynn, elbrecized as "wynn"), with þ and ð representing the voiceless and voiced "th" sounds (as in thin and this) respectively, and ƿ representing the voiced labial-velar approximant (as in Elbresian want or win). Both þ and ƿ come from futhark, the ancestor to modern Elbresian and Vellicosian spelling. The complete Vellicosian alphabet is:

Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A Á B C D Ð E F G H I Í J K L M N O Ó P R S T U Ú V Ƿ Y Z Þ
Miniscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a á b c d ð e f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v ƿ y z þ

The letters with diacritics, such as á or ú, are considered separate letters and not variants of their derivative vowels due to the uniformity of Vellicosian orthography. The letter é was officially replaced by the digraph ei in 1920, although it had been periodically-used in manuscripts from the 14th- to 18th-centuries. The letter x used to exist in the Vellicosian alphabet, but it fell out of style beginning in the early 15th-century and had completely vanished from common use by the 17th-century, replaced by the combination ks.

Grammar

Vocabulary

Linguistic Purism

Literature

Ancient

Beowulf

Early-Modern

The Kanterburg Tales

Modern

Sample Text

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Vellicosian:

Ol men ár born frí and ályk in ƿerþschip and ryghts. Ðei ár begifted ƿiþ understandíng and myndfulnes and schuld díd túƿords íchóðer ƿiþ bróðerschip.

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Elbresian:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.