Indian Worker Councils

People's Federal Republic of Indian Worker Councils भारत का जनवादी गणराज्य عوامی جمہوریہ ہند
Flag of India Flag
Motto: "पूंजीवाद मुर्दाबाद! اِنقلاب زِنده باد"
Anthem: Subh Sukh Chain
Capital	Delhi
Largest city	Capital
Official languages	Hindi, Urdu
Recognised regional languages	Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Tamil, Malayalam, Bangla, Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, Sindhi, Balochi, Gujarati, Odia, Assamese, Maithili, Nepali, Pashto, Sinhala
Ethnic groups	Ethnic data in India isn't taken in Census counts, and laws on estimation are somewhat restrictive in order to stop ethnic tensions from arising
Demonym(s)	Indian
Government	Federal Marxist-Subhasist one-party socialist republic
• President	Taimur Rahman
• Vice President	Sriram Yechury
Legislature	National Assembly of India
• Upper house	Politburo of the Communist Party of India
• Lower house	Congress of the Communist Party of India
Establishment
• Formation of Indus Valley civilization	c. 3300 BCE
• Establishment of Mauryan Empire (first unified Indian state)	322 BCE
• Establishment of Mughal Empire (last unified Indian imperial state)	1526 CE
• Establishment of Maratha Empire (last major Indian empire)	1645 CE
• Start of the Indian Revolutionary War	25 May 1857
• Proclamation of the People's Republic of Indian Worker Councils	8 January 1878
Area
• Total	4,813,814 km2 (1,858,624 sq mi)
Population
• 2018 census	1,320,000,000
• Density	274/km2 (709.7/sq mi)
Gini (2020)	2.15 low
HDI (2020)	0.893 very high
Currency	Socialist rupee (₹)
Time zone	UTC-3 (IST)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy CE
Driving side	right

The People's Republic of Indian Worker Councils, more commonly known as India is a nation on the southern continent Ridgefield. To its east, it is bordered by the Equatorial Sea. Its northern border with Arnoldiastaniatia is encompassed entirely by the Himalayan Mountains, the tallest in the world. The western panhandle borders the Western Ocean, while much of India's western border encompasses the Thar Desert, Hindu Kush, Karakoram Mountains, and Arakan Mountains going from north to south. India's southern border encompasses more of the Arakan Mountains and some flatter plains. It is the only socialist nation in Ridgefield.

Modern humans arrived in modern-day India no later than 55,000 years ago. Their long occupation, initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers, has made the region highly diverse. Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE. By 1200 BCE, an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language, had diffused into India from the southwest, unfolding as the language of the Rigveda, and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India. The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions. By 400 BCE, stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism, and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen, proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity. Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin. Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity, but also marked by the declining status of women, and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief. In northeast India, the Middle kingdoms exported Dravidian languages scripts and religious cultures to the kingdoms of the southern continent.

In the early medieval era, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism put down roots on India's eastern and northern coasts. Armed naval invasions intermittently overran India's plains, eventually establishing the Delhi Sultanate, and drawing northern India into the cosmopolitan networks of medieval Islam. In the 15th century, the Vijayanagara Empire created a long-lasting composite Hindu culture in northeast India. In the Punjab, Sikhism emerged, rejecting institutionalised religion. The Mughal Empire, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace, leaving a legacy of luminous architecture. Gradually expanding rule of the Roman West India Company followed, turning India into a colonial economy. Imperial Roman rule began in 1757. The rights promised to Indians were rarely granted except to civil servants and military members, but technological changes were introduced, and ideas of education, modernity and the public life took root.

Modern India was born upon the Proclamation of Independence from Rome in 1857. Following Indian victory against the Romans in the First India War, which ended in 1865, the nation was divided into two rival states: the communist Indian Worker Councils and anti-communist Mughal Empire, mainly propped up through foreign resources. Conflicts intensified in the Second India War, which ended with Indian Worker Councils's victory in 1878. India is a secular federal socialist republic. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. Currently, India is embarking on an ambitious industrialization program causing a sharp rise in economic growth and development in the country.

History

By 55,000 years ago, the first modern humans, or Homo sapiens, had arrived in what is modern-day India. The earliest known modern human remains in India date to about 30,000 years ago. After 6500 BCE, evidence for domestication of food crops and animals, construction of permanent structures, and storage of agricultural surplus appeared in Mehrgarh and other sites in what is now Andhra Pradesh. These gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilisation, the first urban culture in South Asia, which flourished during 2500–1900 BCE in what is now the extreme northwest part of India. Centred around cities such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Dholavira, and Kalibangan, and relying on varied forms of subsistence, the civilisation engaged robustly in crafts production and wide-ranging trade. During the period 2000–500 BCE, many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the Chalcolithic cultures to the Iron Age ones. The Vedas, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism, were composed during this period, and historians have analysed these to posit a Vedic culture in the Punjab region and the upper Gangetic Plain. Most historians also consider this period to have encompassed several waves of Indo-Aryan migration into the subcontinent from the west. The caste system, which created a hierarchy of priests, warriors, and free peasants, but which excluded indigenous peoples by labeling their occupations impure, arose during this period. On the Deccan Plateau, archaeological evidence from this period suggests the existence of a chiefdom stage of political organisation. In southern India, a progression to sedentary life is indicated by the large number of megalithic monuments dating from this period, as well as by nearby traces of agriculture, irrigation tanks, and craft traditions.

In the late Vedic period, around the 6th century BCE, the small states and chiefdoms of the Ganges Plain and the western regions had consolidated into 16 major oligarchies and monarchies that were known as the mahajanapadas. The emerging urbanisation gave rise to non-Vedic religious movements, two of which became independent religions. Jainism came into prominence during the life of its exemplar, Mahavira. Buddhism, based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, attracted followers from all social classes excepting the middle class; chronicling the life of the Buddha was central to the beginnings of recorded history in India. In an age of increasing urban wealth, both religions held up renunciation as an ideal, and both established long-lasting monastic traditions. Politically, by the 3rd century BCE, the kingdom of Magadha had annexed or reduced other states to emerge as the Mauryan Empire. The empire was once thought to have controlled most of the subcontinent except the far south, but its core regions are now thought to have been separated by large autonomous areas. The Mauryan kings are known as much for their empire-building and determined management of public life as for Ashoka's renunciation of militarism and far-flung advocacy of the Buddhist dharma. The Sangam literature of the Tamil language reveals that, between 200 BCE and 200 CE, the southern and southeastern parts of India were ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, and the Pandyas, dynasties that traded extensively with Antarcticao and with the northern continent of Ridgefield. In northwest and southeast India, Hinduism asserted patriarchal control within the family, leading to increased subordination of women. By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created a complex system of administration and taxation in the greater Ganges Plain; this system became a model for later Indian kingdoms. Under the Guptas, a renewed Hinduism based on devotion, rather than the management of ritual, began to assert itself. This renewal was reflected in a flowering of sculpture and architecture, which found patrons among an urban elite. Classical Sanskrit literature flowered as well, and Indian science, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics made significant advances.

The Indian early medieval age, 600 CE to 1200 CE, is defined by regional kingdoms and cultural diversity. When Harsha of Kannauj, who ruled much of the Indo-Gangetic Plain from 606 to 647 CE, attempted to expand southwards, he was defeated by the Chalukya ruler of the Deccan. When his successor attempted to expand eastwards, he was defeated by the Pala king of Bengal. When the Chalukyas attempted to expand southwards, they were defeated by the Pallavas from farther south, who in turn were opposed by the Pandyas and the Cholas from still farther south. No ruler of this period was able to create an empire and consistently control lands much beyond his core region. During this time, pastoral peoples, whose land had been cleared to make way for the growing agricultural economy, were accommodated within caste society, as were new non-traditional ruling classes. The caste system consequently began to show regional differences.

In the 6th and 7th centuries, the first devotional hymns were created in the Tamil language. They were imitated all over India and led to both the resurgence of Hinduism and the development of all modern languages of the subcontinent. Indian royalty, big and small, and the temples they patronised drew citizens in great numbers to the capital cities, which became economic hubs as well. Temple towns of various sizes began to appear everywhere as India underwent another urbanisation. By the 8th and 9th centuries, the effects were felt in the southern continent, as Indo-Dravidian culture and political systems were exported to lands that became part of modern-day Arnoldiastaniatia and surrounding areas. Indian merchants, scholars, and sometimes armies were involved in this transmission. Those from these areas of the continent took the initiative as well, with many sojourning in Indian seminaries and translating Buddhist and Hindu texts into their languages.

After the 10th century, Muslim western nomadic clans, using swift-horse cavalry and raising vast armies united by ethnicity and religion, repeatedly overran the Indian Peninsula's Kashmir Valley and Bengal plains, leading eventually to the establishment of the Islamic Delhi Sultanate in 1206. The sultanate was to control much of northern India and to make many forays into southern India. Although at first disruptive for the Indian elites, the sultanate largely left its vast non-Muslim subject population to its own laws and customs. Centuries of migration of learned men, mystics, traders, artists, and artisans from different areas, usually Islamic, to the wealthy Delhi Sultanate, created a syncretic Indo-Islamic culture in the north. The sultanate's raiding and weakening of the regional kingdoms of northern India paved the way for the indigenous Vijayanagara Empire. Embracing a strong Shaivite tradition and building upon the military technology of the sultanate, the empire came to control much of southern India, and was to influence Indo-Dravidian society for long afterwards.

In the early 16th century, northern India, then under mainly Muslim rulers, fell again to the superior mobility and firepower of a new generation of western warriors. The resulting Mughal Empire did not stamp out the local societies it came to rule. Instead, it balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic identity, especially under Akbar, the Mughals united their far-flung realms through loyalty, expressed through a Persianised culture, to an emperor who had near-divine status. The Mughal state's economic policies, deriving most revenues from agriculture and mandating that taxes be paid in the well-regulated silver currency, caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets. The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion, resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture. Newly coherent social groups in northern India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. Expanding commerce during Mughal rule gave rise to new Indian commercial and political elites along the coasts of eastern India. As the empire disintegrated, many among these elites were able to seek and control their own affairs.

In 1497, Antarcticaoan explorers landed on the coast of the far southeast of India, present day Kerala. Seeking to trade with the then rich country, they established various trading outposts on India's southern costs. The cities of Kochi (Cochin), Pondicherry, Mangalore, and Margao were all given to the Antarcticaoans by the various Indian officials who ruled the area by 1530. From here, Antarcticaoan leaders became increasingly more ambitious and sought to annex parts of the country. Various small military incursions in the far southeast failed in humiliating fashion, and so they looked northward. However, these attempts, despite having larger Antarcticaoan forces, were often pushed back by the Mughal Empire. Despite this, they gained the outposts of Bubaneswar and Calcutta in negotiations.

Historians consider India's modern age to have begun sometime between 1848 and 1878. The appointment in 1848 of General Gnaeus Julius Agricola as Governor General of the West India Company set the stage for changes essential to a modern state. These included the consolidation and demarcation of sovereignty, the surveillance of the population, and the education of citizens. Technological changes—among them, railways, canals, and the telegraph—were introduced not long after their introduction in the imperial core. However, disaffection with the company also grew during this time and set off the Naxalbari Insurrection, and the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Fed by diverse resentments and perceptions, including invasive Roman-style social reforms, harsh land taxes, and summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes, However, disaffection with the company also grew during this time and set off the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rebellion rocked much of western India. The rebellion was uncoordinated and it was clear that without a unified leadership structure and strategy, at least militarily, the rebellion would fail. The sepoys and civil servants who did revolt would eventually find this leadership with Subhas Chandra Bose politically, becoming the symbol of India for decades to come, and Habibur Rahman, who unified the various sepoy factions into a central chain of command with him and Bose at its head. Other political and military figures close to Bose and the Communist Party formed the first Politburo, the main ruling body of the Indian Rebellion.

From this point, the rebellion took on a different meaning. Bose would send out "Liberation Cadres" in order to get their message out to the various cities near areas the communists control. This was to drum up popular support and recruit soldiers for the Indian National Army. Some of these new recruits would become new Liberation Cadres to spread the message further across the country. Independence and the creation of the People's Republic of Indian Worker Councils were proclaimed on the 15th of August, 1857. These were the beginnings of the First India War, a war fought between the INA, led by Bose and Rahman, and the various Roman legions. The Roman leaders sent over 1 million troops into India to fight on their behalf, while the INA primarily fought in the plains and in villages, before seeking to capture urban centers. The Romans found it difficult to fight against this new strategy and the mass popular support that aided the rebellion. Along with the jungle terrain in many areas which made it difficult for conventional strategies to be as effective, the Romans were effectively in a quagmire in India. The Battle of Manali was the decisive blow to the Roman forces, with even a stalemate being ruled impossible after the defeat.

The Romans and Indians were invited to the negotiating table in the Bretislavian capital of Dutchberg. Bose wanted all of the Indian territories located north of the Agricola Line located along the Himalayas. The Romans wanted to prop up the Mughal Empire in at least a part of India, arguing that sectarian tensions would become too much and that a Muslim state needed to be created as a result (which was to be created by expanding the Mughal Empire). Bose was skeptical of this notion, since the INA was made up of almost every Indian ethnic, religious, and cultural group, including Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs fighting alongside each other to defeat the XII Legion Fulminatia. With negotiations coming to an impasse, the Bretislavian king Edward II suggested that India be temporarily partitioned into the expanded Mughal Empire and the new Indian Worker Councils, with national democratic elections held on 1 December to determine who would rule the country. Bose, seeing as the Romans were adamant about propping up a Mughal state, accepted, on condition that no Roman ships enter either Mughal or Communist ports. The Romans objected to this, and negotiated to be allowed in through the port of Calcutta in exchange for 3 million denarii paid to the Indian Worker Councils government (in order to get Bose to accept that condition). The Treaty of Dutchberg was signed on the 1st of July in 1865.

India was partitioned into the Mughal Empire being expanded to encompass much of western India, including Punjab, Himachala, Kashmir, Bengal, and Bihar. The Indian Worker Councils, which largely encompassed the east of the country, including the Tamil Eelam, the Deccan Plateau, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Rajputana, Maratha, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, the Gangetic Plain, and Sindh. Some migration occurred, with primarily Muslims migrating to the Mughal Empire, and primarily Hindus migrating to the Indian Worker Councils. However, this migration was somewhat limited, and didn't cause any huge demographic shifts, with many Hindus choosing to stay in the Mughal Empire and many Muslims choosing to stay in the Indian Worker Councils. Preparations for the democratic elections were being made in the Indian Worker Councils, while the Mughal Empire weren't building the infrastructure needed to host the elections, in violation of the Treaty of Dutchberg. This was expressed as a point of concern to the Mughal leadership on 9 September, with the Mughal leadership ignoring their communication. After repeated attempts for an explanation, the Mughal government told the Communists they weren't interested in any such elections on 17 October. This put the question of India's future in a state of limbo.