Law enforcement in the Russian Empire
Law enforcement in the Russian Empire is the responsibility of a variety of different agencies. The Russian police are the primary law enforcement agency and the Internal Security Service is the main domestic security agency.
Agencies
- Ministry of Internal Affairs:
- The Police of Russia provide public security functions.
- The Main Directorate of Emergencies and Civil Defence is responsible for the civil defence regulation, protection from fire and has own troops.
- Ministry of Justice:
- Imperial Service of Punishment Execution (ISIN) is responsible for the penal correction and prison system of Russia
- Internal Security Service (SVB) is the domestic security service. Responsible for anti-terrorism operations.
- The Border Service is subordinate to the SVB and responsible for border protection, surveillance and coast guard.
- Russian Customs Service
- Ministry of Defence
- Russian Military Police provides the service police function for all branches of the Russian Armed Forces.
- Tsar of Russia
- The Russian Guard provide a gendarmerie function, supporting the Politsiya and dealing with large-scale riots and internal armed conflicts. They also provide security for highly-important facilities (such as nuclear power plants).
- The Leib Guard is responsible for the protection of Russian state property and high-ranking government personnel, including the Tsar of Russia.
Prisons
Prisons in Russia are administered by the Imperial Service of Punishment Execution and can be categorized under four types of facilities: pre-trial institutions; educative or juvenile labor colonies; corrective labour colonies; and prisons.
The corrective labour colony (Исправительно-трудовая колония, ИТК, ispravitelno-trudovaya koloniya, ITK) is the most common, with 760 institutions 2004 across the many administrative divisions of Russia.
Autonomous polities
The Russian Empire controls three autonomous polities: the Grand Ducky of Finland, the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Kiva.
- Grand Duchy of Finland:
- Emirate of Bukhara
- Emir's Police
- Khanate of Khiva
- Khan's Police