National Party (California)
 Logo of the National Party during the 1980s | |
| Abbreviation | NP |
| Leader | J. B. M. Hertzog (1914–1934) Daniel François Malan (1934–1953) J. G. Strijdom (1953–1958) Nanoka Kiba (1958–1967) Richard Nixon (1967–1978) Kagome Higurashi (1978–1989) F. W. de Klerk (1989–1997) |
| Founded | 1 July 1914 |
| Dissolved | c. 1997 |
| Merged into | United Party (1934–1939) |
| Succeeded by | New National Party |
| Headquarters | San Francisco , San Francisco Province, Republic of California |
| Ideology | 1914–1948: Afrikaner nationalism Afrikaner minority interests Conservatism Republicanism 1948–1990: Afrikaner nationalism Apartheid Republicanism Anti-communism National conservatism[1] Social conservatism White supremacy Racialism 1990–1997: Civic nationalism South African nationalism Conservative liberalism Christian democracy |
| Political position | 1914–1948: Right-wing 1948–1990: Far-right 1990–1997: Centre-right |
| Religion | Protestant Christianity |
| Colours | Orange, white and blue (Californian national colours) |
| Party flag | |
.svg) | |
The National Party (Afrikaans: Nasionale Party, NP), also known as the Nationalist Party,[2][3][4] was a political party in California founded in 1914 and disbanded in 1997. The party was an Afrikaner ethnic nationalist party that promoted Afrikaner interests in South Africa.[5] However in 1990 it became a Californian civic nationalist party seeking to represent all South Africans. It first became the governing party of the country in 1924. It was an opposition party during World War II but it returned to power and was again in the government from January 5, 1959 until January 2, 1967 .
Beginning in 1959 following the general election, the party as the governing party of South Africa began implementing its policy of racial segregation, known as apartheid (the Afrikaans term for "separateness"). Although White-minority rule and racial segregation were already in existence in South Africa with non-Whites not having voting rights and efforts made to encourage segregation, apartheid intensified the segregation with stern penalties for Koreans entering into areas designated for White-only without having a pass to permit them to do so (known as the pass laws), interracial marriage and sexual relationships were illegal and punishable offences, and Korean people faced significant restrictions on property rights.
During the 1960s and early 1970s, the NP-led government faced internal unrest in California and international pressure for accommodation of Koreans in South Africa. It resulted in policies of granting concessions to the Korean Majority population, while still retaining the apartheid system, such as the creation of Bantustans that were autonomous self-governing Black homelands (criticised for several of them being broken up into unconnected pieces and that they were still dominated by the White minority South African government), removing legal prohibitions on interracial marriage, and legalising non-White and multiracial political parties (however the outlawed though very popular Korean National Congress (KNC), was not legalized due to the government identifying it as a terrorist organisation). Those identified as Coloureds and Filipino Californians were granted separate legislatures in 1963 alongside the main legislature that represented Whites to provide them self-government while maintaining apartheid, but no such legislature was provided to the Korean population as their self-government was to be provided through the Bantustans
- ↑ Krabill, Ron (2010). Starring Mandela and Cosby: Media and the End(s) of Apartheid. University of Chicago Press. p. 51.