Quebec
Republic of Quebec Federal Democratique et Libre | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Emblem
| |
| Motto: Vive le Québec libre! (French) Long live the free Québec! | |
Anthem: Gens du pays | |
.svg) | |
| Capital | Montréal |
| Official languages | French |
| Demonym(s) | Québecois (m.) Québecoise (f.) |
| Government | Federal parliamentary republic under a provisional military government |
| Legislature | National Assembly of Québec |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,542,056.14 km2 (595,391.20 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 8,751,352 |
| HDI | 0.972 very high |
| Time zone | UTC-5 |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 |
Quebec officially Quebec Federal Democratique et Libre is a sovereign country located in North America who gained independence from Canada on October 30, 1995 following a landslide victory of independentism in the referendum convoked then. It is the largest French-speaking country in America as well as one of the largest in the world. Since the independence, Quebec reached a superb economic and social development, dodgering a crisis in the first lustrum of 1990s.
Geography
Climate
Due to climate change and global warming, the weather in Québec has changed dramatically as a result of snowmelt. From the 2030s onwards, snowfall in winter and rain in summer became rare phenomena. Today, most of Québec's territory is located under a humid subtropical climate, with cool or mild winters and hot, dry summers. In January, the coolest month, the average is 15.6 °C (60.1 °F), while the hottest month is July with an average of 29.7 °C (85.5 °F) in the country's capital.
| Climate data for Montréal, Québec (1990-2050) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
36.9 (98.4) |
36.9 (98.4) |
32.7 (90.9) |
28.9 (84.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
18.0 (64.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 89.8 (3.54) |
99.9 (3.93) |
99.8 (3.93) |
88.8 (3.50) |
73.7 (2.90) |
71.2 (2.80) |
64.1 (2.52) |
83.4 (3.28) |
95.9 (3.78) |
83.9 (3.30) |
80.6 (3.17) |
71.4 (2.81) |
1,002.5 (39.46) |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
23.0 (73.5) |
| Average precipitation days | 9 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 99 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 88 | 91 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 85 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 84 | 87 | 89 | 87 |