United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Ireland
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United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Ireland | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
Motto: "By God and By the People" | |
Anthem: "Onwards, Britannia!" | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | London |
| National language | English (de facto) |
| Regional and minority languages | |
| Ethnic groups (2023) | 87.2% White 5.1% Asian 3.2% Not stated 2.2% Black 1.3% Other 1.0% Mixed |
| Religion (2023) |
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| Demonym(s) |
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| Constituent countries | |
| Government | Unitary[1] parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Alexandra |
| Keir Starmer | |
| Jacqueline Carter | |
| Lindsay Hoyle | |
| The Lord Reed of Allermuir | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| House of Lords | |
| House of Commons | |
| Formation | |
| 1535 and 1542 | |
| 24 March 1603 | |
| 1 May 1707 | |
| 1 January 1801 | |
| 22 January 1912 | |
| 20 November 1924 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 360,382 km2 (139,144 sq mi) (63rd) |
• Water (%) | 3.60 |
| Population | |
• Estimate | 81,256,324 (20th) |
• Density | 225/km2 (582.7/sq mi) (68th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $5.745 trillion (5th) |
• Per capita | $70,702 (15th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $4.879 trillion (3rd) |
• Per capita | $60,044 (12th) |
| Gini (2023) |  30.1medium |
| HDI (2023) |  0.940very high · 15th |
| Currency | Pound sterling (GBP) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +44 |
| Internet TLD | .uk |
- ↑ Although the United Kingdom has traditionally been seen as a unitary state, an alternative description of the UK as a "union state", put forward by, among others, Vernon Bogdanor, has become increasingly influential since the adoption of devolution in the 1990s. A union state is considered to differ from a unitary state in that while it maintains a central authority it also recognises the authority of historic rights and infrastructures of its component parts.