United States (Manifest Destiny)
Republic of the United States of Columbia | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Motto: Other traditional mottos:
| |
| Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" | |
| Capital | Cambridge |
| Largest city | Metropolis |
| Official languages | None at the federal level |
| Recognised national languages | English (lingua franca) |
| Recognised regional languages | |
| Ethnic groups (2020) |
|
| Religion (2020) |
|
| Demonym(s) | Columbian |
| Government | Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic |
• President | Justin Trudeau |
• Vice President | Elizabeth Warren |
• Prime Minister | Julian Castro |
• Chancellor | Kamala Harris |
• Speaker of the House | Nancy Pelosi |
• Chief Justice | Brandon Fritzgerald |
| Legislature | Congress |
| Senate | |
| House of Representatives | |
| "Independence [from Great Britain]" | |
| Population | |
• (2022) estimate | 470,938,000 |
• (2022) census | 470,938,452 |
| Calling code | +1 |
The United States of America (also called the United States, the US, the U.S.A., or America) officail teh Republic of the United States of America is a federal constitutionalist republic comprised of states, 8 republics, nine incorporated territories, and a federal district. Situated mainly on the North American continent, the 48 contiguous states are commonly referred to as the 'main 48', or the 'upper 48', while the remaining 11 are non-contiguous, though three (Yucatan, Belize, and Panana) are geographically part of North America, the remainder are part of or entirely comprised of islands. The United States shares borders with Mexico to the south, Central America to the west and Colombia to the east (Panama), as well as maritime borders with the West Indies to the southeast of Puerto Rico and to the north and south of Guadeloupe & Martinique.
Betweem the British Empire, Junker Germany, and the Soviet Union.
As of today, the United States has a population of 471.3 million, ranking at third in world population, behind only India and China. By area, the United States' territory comprises roughly a third of continental North America, as well as multiple unincorporated territories in the Caribbean and South Pacific. The United States has been described "the melting pot of the world", possessing a highly diverse, multi-ethnic culture with European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and indigenous influences.
The United States is a member of the G11, G30, NATO, and is a permanent (and founding) member of the World Assembly, with which it carries considerable weight in the Security Council. America possesses the seventh-largest military in the world by number of troops and the largest air force and navy, as well as the status of one of the world's ranked superpowers. It is also a nuclear weapons state and possesses the second-largest arsenal of nuclear weapons in the world, with a total stockpile of 6,500 warheads, behind only the Soviet Union's 9,000.
History
1.1
Indigenous peoples and pre-Columbian history
1.2
European settlement
1.3
American Revolution (1775-1783)
1.4
Independence and Constitution (1783 & 1787)
1.5
Early National Years (1789-1849)
1.6
Growth of the Union (1812-1889)
1.7
Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
1.8
A Growing Divide (1849-1860)
1.9
Civil War (1861-1865)
Irreconcilable sectional conflict regarding the enslavement of Africans and African Americans ultimately led to the American Civil War. With the 1860 election of Republican Abraham Lincoln, conventions in twenty-four slave states declared secession and formed the Confederation of Independent States (the "South", the "Dixie-Caribbean" or the "Confederacy"), while the federal government (the "Union") maintained that secession was illegal.
- South Carolina
- Georgia
- Piedmont
- Alabama
- Sequoyah
- Mississippi
- East Florida
- Cuba
- West Florida
- Louisiana
- Arkansas
- Bahamas
- Texas
- Kentuckey
- Polypotamia
- North Carolina
- Ozark
- Osage
- Pantanosa
- Yucatan
- Virginia
- Vandalia
- Bahamas
- Transylvania
Restoration (1866-1879)
1.11
Rise to World Power (1879-1918)
1.12
World War I (1915-1919)
1.13
Inter-war period (1919-1941)
1.14
World War II (1941-1945)
1.15
Cold War (1946-1993)
1.16
Domestic Changes (1952-1980)
1.17
End of the Cold War (1993)
1.18
Modern Times (1991-Present)
2
Geography
Climate
Environment
Politics and government
The United States is a representative democracy and is considered full democracy alongside countries such as Australia and Norway. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances which are a defining feature in the United States Consitution, the country's supreme legal document.
Government
.jpg)
The United States has two major federal political coalitions. The Main Street Coalition (often shortened to the Coalition), a right-wing alliance is led by the centrist Republican Party. Smaller parties within the coalition include the Reform Party, Libertarian Party, Unión Demócrata Cristiana. The left-wing Alliance for Progress (often shortened to the Alliance) is led by the centre-left Labour Party. Other parties within the coalition include the Progressive Party, Farmer-Labour Party, and Green Party. The American First Alliance (often shortened to the Alliance), a right-wing alliance is led by the centre-right Democratic Party. Smaller parties within the coalition include the Social Credit Party, Constitution Party, and TBA.
States and territories
The United States is composed of 110 states, ten inhabited territories, one federal district, three federal cities, and several uninhabited territories. In most respects, all of the territories function as states, except they do not hold seats in the Senate.
Each state has their own legislature — unicameral in Platte, Nakota and Athabasca, and bicameral in the remaining states. The states are sovereign entities, although bounded to certain powers of the federal government as defined by the Constitution. The head of government in each state and territory is known as the Premier, although they are known as a Chief Minister in many territories. The King is represented in each state by a Governor who is appointed by the King on the advice and consent of the legislature. In the territories, a Commissioner is appointed by the President-General on the advice and consent of the territorial legislature.
The United States also has three city-states, Angeles, Bayside, and Chicagoland,
The United States government directly controls several uninhabited territories, Baker Island, Howland Island, Palmyra Atoll, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Wake Island, and Navassa Island. These territories do not have any self-governance and their policy only comes from the federal government.
States of the U.S.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Political Parties
The United States is considered a multiparty democracy with many different parties contesting federal, state, and local elections. Fourteen national parties have representation in Congress, specifically in the House of Representatives. The centre Republican Party and Federalist Party are the largest of the national parties and typically carry the most seats in all U.S. federal elections. The Republicans and Democrats also are the most likely to win executive elections, such as elections for U.S. President, although other parties have won in the past.
Several political parties have risen which advocate for a certain group (ethnic, religious, or ) or region within the country. The largest of these parties is the Hispanic-oriented Unión Demócrata Cristiana which promotes Christian democracy in the United States, the Social Credit Party, often dub the 'Democrats of the North', the African National Congress and the Black Panther Party, which focuses issues pertaining to African Americans in south and Car, and the Amercan Indian Movement for Native Americans. The Agriculture Party, Technology Alliance, Bloc Québécois, Texas National Party, [[]], and, are all regional political parties. The God's Values Party pushes policies which are Evangelical in nature, but does not explicitly endorse one particular religion.
In recent years, several new political parties with stronger partisan ideologies have formed or grown in size in the United States. This includes the Columbia First Party led by Donald Trump and Pierre Rutherford, the Constitution Party led by , the Libertarian Party led by Sarah Palin and the Socialist Party led by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez among others. At the same time, the Progressive-Green Party which advocates left-wing political ideologies has grown in size since 2010. Political pundits have noted that the rise of such parties is due to the political polarization slowly occurring across the United States.
Elections
Foreign relations
The United States has an established structure of foreign relations. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The United States is a member of the Alliance of Independent Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, G8, G20, and OECD where it takes leading roles.
Cambridge hosts embassies from nearly all countries in the world and many American cities host consulates. Likewise, the United States also has embassy's in nearly every nation across the globe. The United States does not have formal diplomatic relations with the UAR, Bhutan, Korea, and the Federal Republic of China and U.S. diplomats often work through alternative channels.
The United States has a special relationship with the United Kingdom due to geopolitical similarities, and shared global interests. The United States also has strong ties with India, Australia, Rhodesia, New Zealand, Japan and Israel. The United States also has strong diplomatic ties to the European Union and its member states, notably France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Scadinavia, and Poland. The United States works closely with its fellow member states in the Cooperation of American Alliance Nations, North American Free Trade Agreement, NATO, and the Organization of American States. The United States considers Mexico, Brazil, and Characas to be its most reliable allies in Latin America.
A major shift in U.S. foreign policy since 1990 has been detente toward the Soviet Union. Following the reformation of the Soviet Union into the Union of People's Repunlics, the United States shifted its attitude from hostile to conciliatory, largely under the leadership of President Jesse Jackson and George W. Bush. The United States has attempted to integrate Russia into its global leadership framework with mixed success. The two countries continue to compete, however, the United States does not see Russia as a major geopolitical threat. Since the early 2000s, the United States has begun to see China as a major geopolitical threat which has helped to shift concern from the UPR.
Military
Economy
Infrastructure
Transport
Roads
Rail
Passenger Rail
Freight Rail
Water transportation
Aviation
Demographics
The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the population of the United States is 404,294,209, as of July 1, 2020. The United States is the third most populous country in the world behind China and India, and ahead of Japan and the Philippines. The main drivers of population in the United States is immigration and to a lesser extent, natural growth.
Population
Racial groupings in the United States (2019)
The United States is a multicultural and multiethnic society, encompassing a vast land area and many waves of migration. Most Americans today are descended from migrants who settled in the country post-colonization, with indigenous peoples, such as Navajo, Cherokee, Lakotah, Inuit, Maya, and Alaskan Natives only making up a minority of the population. White are by far the Largest racial group, ethnically wise, they split between Anglos which are those who could trace their lineage back to either the original Colonies or the British Isles in some form, and "Non-Anglo" Europeans, as well as Anatolians, Levantines, and North Africans, with Germans being the largest European ethinc group.
One of the other most significant groups are African-Americans, largely descended from slaves captured by Europeans and brought to colonies on the American continent during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.
indigenous "Native Indians/First Nations" comprise of 10 percent
The number of Columbians of mixed racial ancestry (including Hispanic Americans of Mesitzo descent) is also growing as a result of increasing integration.
According to the World Economic Form, the United States has the highest number of immigrants in the world. However, as a proportion to population, the United States ranks averagely among other wealthy nations. A 2019 poll conducted by Pew Research Center found that the majority of Americans have a favorable view of immigrants, a policy which is generally supported by the major American political parties. However, illegal immigration is widely opposed among American conservatives and remains a major political debate. The United States has led the world in refugee resettlement for several decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined.
The vast majority of Columbians live in either urban or suburban areas. Ten cities in the United States have a population greater than two million (namely Metropolis, Los Angeles, San Fransico, Chicago, Houston, Toronto, Toldeo, Santo Domingo, Havana, and St. Ann). Many metropolitan areas, particularly in the southern United States are rapidly expanding.
Education
School attendance or registration for home school is mandatory for all students across the United States. As state and local governments have control over most education policies, laws vary between states. However, most students must attend school from when they enter Kindergarten at around 5 until they reach 18-years-old, bringing them through the twelfth grade. Several states allow for students to leave school after reaching 16, however, the Department of Education and Research has been working for states to raise those standards. While many Americans attend publicly funded schools, around 16% are enrolled in Parochial or nonsectarian private schools. A system of apprenticeship called National Guild Association leads to a skilled qualification which is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. This model is well regarded and reproduced all around the world.
Religion
Protestantism dominates the continental United States, with several Protestant denominations such as Evangelicals, Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and Anglicans. In the Caribbean and Southwest, Roman Catholicism is predominant due to Spanish heritage.
Language
English is formally recognized as the official language of the federal government,In every state English is mandated to be an official language for the purposes of communication and documentation for the federal government, though states are entitled to choose additional official languages. nonofficial language is given some legal status in state courts, but not fully official status. Five states and four territories have recognized local or indigenous languages in addition English and French, including Hawaii (Hawaiian), Alaska (20 native languages), Dakota (Sioux), American Samoa (Samoan), Texas (German), , Mariana Islands (Chamorro and Carolinian), The Grenadines (English and French Creole languages), Yukon (Gwichʼin), Northwest Territories (Nine native languages), and Nunavut (Inuit languages). A multitude of additional languages are also spoken by Americans, most notably Mandarin, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Korean, and German.
Due to the physical separation of the Francophone areas of the United States, there are four major dialects of French within the country. Canadien French, most prominent in Quebec, Canada, New Hampshire, Acadia, and Vermont developed from French settlements along the Saint Lawerence River. Cajun Fench is spoken in Acadiana, Louisiana, West Florida, and Arkansas. Efforts to preserve Cajun French were much more successful in this timeline. Today, it enjoys co-official status in Louisiana and is used in many bilingual public schools. Carolinian French, most prominent in the Southern United States, is considered a dialect of French but has some semblance of Occitan. This is due to the fact that many of those who settled French Carolina came from southern France. Haitian French is spoken in the Republic of Haiti, and the State of Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamiaca, and East Florida, and has influenced . All four dialects have distinctive linguistic features, however, they are considered to be mutually understandable to each other. Additionally, some residents of Caribbean states and territories speak a French-based creole language, derived from French colonization of those islands.
Spanish is also recognized as a co-official language in 25 states. Like French, there are two dialects of Spanish, Chicano Spanish is spoken primarily in the American Southwest, while Caribbean Spanish is spoken the Caribbean (and parts of East Flordia). American Spanish is differentiated from other varieties of Latin American Spanish by the high frequency of English loanwords (ex: "parquear" instead of "estacionar"). The upside-down question mark ("¿") and exclamation mark ("¡") are also not used. Additionally, abbreviations of plural words are not doubled (ex: Estados Unidos becomes E.U. instead of EE.UU. like in other Spanish varieties). For these reasons, many Latin Americans refer to American Spanish as "Inglañol" ("Spanglish").
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 mandates that all election materials be available in both English, French, and Spanish, as well as all other languages that are spoken by more than 5% of the local population. Per the Languages in Schools Act of 1959, students who speak either English or French or Spanish are entitled to school instruction in their native language. However, the Supreme Court Case Baxter v. Mobile Public Schools ruled that separate schools for different languages were inherently unconstitutional.
American Sign Language is the most prominent sign language in the United States, especially among Anglophone communities. French-American Sign Language and Hispano-American Sign Language are also popular, primarily in their respective Francophone and Hispanophone communities. The United States is home to many other sign languages, some of which are indigenous.
Culture
6.1
Music and art
6.2
Cuisine
6.3
Sports
7