Chatten and Leucen: Difference between revisions
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{{infobox country | {{infobox country | ||
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen | |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen | ||
| Line 4: | Line 5: | ||
|native_name = ''Rechton im Chatten erd Leucen'' | |native_name = ''Rechton im Chatten erd Leucen'' | ||
|image_flag = File:National flag.svg | |image_flag = File:National flag.svg | ||
| | |image_map = [[File:Wiki style globe map.png|frameless|center]] | ||
|image_coat = File:Coat of arms of chatten and leucen.png | |image_coat = File:Coat of arms of chatten and leucen.png | ||
|symbol_type = Coat of arms | |symbol_type = Coat of arms | ||
| Line 65: | Line 66: | ||
|population_density_sq_mi = 120.4 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | |population_density_sq_mi = 120.4 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | ||
|population_density_rank = 12th <!--UN World Population Prospects--> | |population_density_rank = 12th <!--UN World Population Prospects--> | ||
|GDP_PPP = | |GDP_PPP = ₽4.881 trillion | ||
|GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | |GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | ||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = | |GDP_PPP_per_capita = ₽64,556 | ||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 5th | |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 5th | ||
|GDP_nominal = | |GDP_nominal = ₽4.233 trillion | ||
|GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | |GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | ||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = | |GDP_nominal_per_capita = ₽59,412 | ||
|sovereignty_type = Formation | |sovereignty_type = Formation | ||
|established_event1 = [[Tridetarchy | |established_event1 = [[Tridetarchy]] | ||
|established_date1 = 8 March 115 | |established_date1 = 8 March 115 | ||
|established_event2 = [[Moravian Leucenia]] | |established_event2 = [[Moravian Leucenia]] | ||
| Line 95: | Line 96: | ||
|Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | |Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | ||
|Gini = 21.6 <!--number only--> | |Gini = 21.6 <!--number only--> | ||
|Gini_rank = 8th | |Gini_rank = 8th | ||
|currency = [[Leucenian Piese]] | |currency = [[Leucenian Piese]] | ||
| Line 105: | Line 105: | ||
|calling_code = [[+115]] | |calling_code = [[+115]] | ||
|cctld = [[.chl]] | |cctld = [[.chl]] | ||
}} | |GDP_nominal_rank=7th|GDP_PPP_rank=26th|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=21st}} | ||
'''Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen''', commonly known as the '''Northern Kingdom''', '''(NK)''' or '''Chalcain''', is an [ | '''Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen''', commonly known as the '''Northern Kingdom''', '''(NK)''' or '''Chalcain''', is an [[wikipedia:Island_country|island country]] located on northwestern [[Callys]] just off the mainland coast. It comprises two main [[wikipedia:Nation|nations]], namely [[Chatten]] and [[Leucen]], hence the name. The Northern Kingdom also includes surrounding [[wikipedia:Island|islands]] such as the [[Lannascern islands]], [[Amarincen islands]], [[Isle of Furk]], and the [[Porgynth islands]]. Collectively, the domains of the Northern Kingdom are known as the [[Chalcer Isles]]. The Northern Kingdom is surrounded by the [[Eastern Sea]], [[Lacendynn Sea]], [[Leucish Sea]], [[Elvenmann Strait]], [[Chatten Strait]], and [[Heptant Ocean]]. Meanwhile, the [[Crowergynn Sea]] separates the island of Chatten and Leucen, with the [[isle of Rustav]] located conveniently between the two islands. The Northern Kingdom shares [[wikipedia:Maritime_boundary|maritime borders]] with [[Finnon]] to the north-east, [[Helswig]] to the south-west, [[Tictland]] to the south-east, and [[Coradis]] to the south. The total area of the Northern Kingdom is 512,455 km<sup>2</sup> (197,860 square miles) with an estimated population of 115 million people as of 2023. The capital and largest city is [[Lomercoyne]], and its surrounding urban area is the largest in Callys. Other major cities with large surrounding urban area includes [[Mowycen]], [[Pownys]], [[Cumbershyre]], [[City of Lech]], [[Sark]], [[Varnyconne]], [[Shalcyr]], [[Courcamyron]], and [[Malwenydd]]. | ||
[[Prehistoric human activity]] on the islands dates back to the [ | [[Prehistoric human activity]] on the islands dates back to the [[wikipedia:Quaternary_glaciation|last Ice Age]], with continuous habitation since the end of the last glacial maximum. The [[Chalcerean people]] emerged as the dominant human culture on the islands which comprises of the tribal societies, namely, [[Jotavs]], [[Porgynthish | Porgynth]], [[Corks]], [[Rwycorrts]], [[Terks|Terkish]], [[Leucish]], and [[Chattenish]], all were the precursors and founder of the later [[Thirteen Kingdoms]]. The anarchic [[Tridetarchy |Thirteen Kingdoms period]] saw the gradual unification of all kingdoms into the domain of the first [[High King]] [[Sycor I]] of [[Leucen]]. The [[Moravs]] conquered the islands of [[Chatten]] and [[Leucen]] and made it into their province, known as [[Moravian Leucenia]], until their departure from the islands in 800. Coinciding it was the arrival of the [[Sami-Finnons]], known as the [[The Deluge | Deluge]], beginning in 809 and lasted until 825. [[Meyrism]] religion arrived in the islands when [[High King Sycor IX]]'s exiled younger brothers and recent [[Meyrism |Meyrian]] converts, [[Nymeth]] and [[Fwynth]] arrived on the Islands. Paranoia led Sycor IX to execute [[Fylor]], Master of the Coin, and [[Fwynth]], Nymeth's younger brother. Their execution led to his disenthronement and death, succeeded by Nymeth as the first monarch of the [[House of Horessen]]. With the authoritative ordinances of Sycor IX repealed, his succession by the year 844 is considered the beginning of the [[Middle Medieval Era]]. The current royal family traces its oldest ancestor back to this period. | ||
Incursions of the remaining [[Chalcerean people | Chalcerean]] pagans convinced the [[House of Flemmes|Flemmian King]] [[King Ardewyth II|Ardewyth II]] to launch several invasions into the northern lands, culminating into the [[Wars of the Daggers]] resulting in Leucish victory. [[Northern Occupation | The lands of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes were occupied]] while [[Rwycorr]], land of the Rwycorrts, were[[1213 Annexation of Rwycorr | annexed directly into Leucen]] through the signing of the [[Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213]], creating the [[Kingdom of Great Chalcain]]. The [[Acts of Unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487]] were signed by [[King Dravid II]] as a response to the economic instability caused by the [[Finnons | Finnonian raids]] to the kingless[[Kingdom of the Chattenes | Kingdom of Chatten]], creating the current Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen. The Northern Kingdom held only a few islands and atolls, The [[Finnon-Leucenian Treaty of the Outlying Islands 1978]] were signed between the Northern Kingdom and the Finnon with the Northern Kingdom receiving the islands of Porgynth, Lannascern | Incursions of the remaining[[Chalcerean people | Chalcerean]] pagans convinced the [[House of Flemmes|Flemmian King]] [[King Ardewyth II|Ardewyth II]] to launch several invasions into the northern lands, culminating into the [[Wars of the Daggers]] resulting in Leucish victory. [[Northern Occupation | The lands of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes were occupied]] while [[Rwycorr]], land of the Rwycorrts, were[[1213 Annexation of Rwycorr | annexed directly into Leucen]] through the signing of the [[Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213]], creating the [[Kingdom of Great Chalcain]]. The [[Acts of Unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487]] were signed by [[King Dravid II]] as a response to the economic instability caused by the [[Finnons | Finnonian raids]] to the kingless[[Kingdom of the Chattenes | Kingdom of Chatten]], creating the current Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen. The Northern Kingdom held only a few islands and atolls in the [[Septentriones Ocean]] during the [[Age of Exploration]], and the Northern Kingdom is among the only major Callyssian power not to adopt [[slavery]] among its island colonies nor advocates to become a major colonial power, even after the majority of the aristocracy remained in favor of the idea of it. The Northern Kingdom remained relatively unscathed during the [[Century of Revolutions]]. By 1901, they remain the only monarchy in Callys. They adopted a policy of [[Moderate Neutrality|neutrality-unless-needed]] since 1895 and crafted a complex foreign policy which favor both [[Cyan and Crimsons|great powers]] during both great wars. The [[Finnon-Leucenian Treaty of the Outlying Islands 1978]] were signed between the Northern Kingdom and the Finnon with the Northern Kingdom receiving the islands of Porgynth, Lannascern, and Furk. | ||
The Northern Kingdom is a [ | The Northern Kingdom is a [[wikipedia:Constitutional_monarchy|constitutional monarchy]] and a [[wikipedia:Federated_state|federal]] [[wikipedia:Parliamentary_system|parliamentary democracy]]. It is a [[wikipedia:Developed_country|developed and advanced country]] and the seventh-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). Since 1988, the Northern Kingdom is a nuclear-powered state, but is not a [[wikipedia:List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons|nuclear weapon state]]. The Northern Kingdom maintains the [[Bonhouten welfare model]] that provides [[wikipedia:Universal_health_care|universal health care system]], a comprehensive social security system, and [[wikipedia:Tertiary_education|tertiary education]] to all its citizens. As a [[wikipedia:Welfare_state|welfare state]], it ranks high in [[wikipedia:Gini_coefficient|income equality]], [[wikipedia:Quality_of_life|quality of life]], [[wikipedia:Gender_equality|gender equality]], and [[wikipedia:Legatum_Prosperity_Index|prosperity]]. It is a founding member of the [[Assembly of Nations]], [[Callyssian Union]], [[Organization for Trade and Economic Development|Organization for Trade and Economic Development (OTED)]], [[International Bank]], the [[G5]], and the [[Global North Treaty Organization|GNTO]]. | ||
==Etymology and terminology== | ==Etymology and terminology== | ||
The [[Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr|Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213]] declared that the Second Kingdom of Leucen should be named "The Kingdom of Great Chalcain" despite the fact that the lands of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes were only occupied and are not annexed into the kingdom. The term "[[Great Chalcain]]" refers to the islands of Leucen, its constituent regions, and its surrounding islands. When Chatten was incorporated into Great Chalcain by the signing of the [[Acts of unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487]], the [[Council of Elders]] held an executive referendum that resulted in name change of the Northern Kingdom into the "Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen" by 1501. | The [[Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr|Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213]] declared that the Second Kingdom of Leucen should be named "The Kingdom of Great Chalcain" despite the fact that the [[Kingdom of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes|lands of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes]] were only occupied and are not annexed into the kingdom. The term "[[Great Chalcain]]" refers to the islands of Leucen, its constituent regions, and its surrounding islands. When Chatten was incorporated into Great Chalcain by the signing of the [[Acts of unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487]], the [[Council of Elders]] held an executive referendum that resulted in name change of the Northern Kingdom into the "Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen" by 1501. | ||
"Northern Kingdom" as a term didn't come into vocabulary use until 1935 when a [[Tictish]] journalist [[Hymera Vera Phon]] of the [[Strait Times]] wrote an article about the [[Monarchy in Callys|prevalence of monarchies in Callys]]. In the article, Hymera referred to the time where [[The Great Four Monarchies|four great monarchies ruled over Callys]], with the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen being the northern one amongst the four. Even after the [[Revolutions | "Northern Kingdom" as a term didn't come into vocabulary use until 1935 when a [[Tictish]] journalist [[Hymera Vera Phon]] of the [[Strait Times]] wrote an article about the [[Monarchy in Callys|prevalence of monarchies in Callys]]. In the article, Hymera referred to the time where [[The Great Four Monarchies|four great monarchies ruled over Callys]], with the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen being the northern one amongst the four. Even after the [[Century of Revolutions]] which saw a massive upheaval of monarchies around Callys; the people, scholars, military leaders, and politicans still use the term "Northern Kingdom" as an alias to the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen to refer to it as the last surviving monarchy among the Four Monarchies and on the continent as a whole. | ||
The term "Leucen" has become synonymous with the Great Chalcain and in general is the principal mistake people outside the Northern Kingdom always make. This is because of the dominant influence and reputation Leucen has over | The term "Leucen" has become synonymous with the Great Chalcain and in general is the principal mistake people outside the Northern Kingdom always make. This is because of the dominant influence and reputation Leucen has over the country, given the fact that Leucen is not only the oldest, but also the most culturally diverse. Leucen is also the academic and professional term scholars use during the 18th and 19th centuries when referring to the Northern Kingdom, though it later went obsolete.The [[Committee of Geographical Names]] defines "Leucen" as the name of the island that constitutes Great Chalcain, the "Kingdom of Leucen" as a historical region covering almost all of Leucen except for the regions of Rwycorr, Jotav, Lech, Ostria, and Porgynth, "Great Chalcain" as the name describing the totality of Leucen and its surrounding islands with Chatten and its jurisdiction removed, while the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen describes the Kingdom with both Chatten and Leucen included. | ||
The adjective "Chalcish" is commonly used to refer to the matters relating to the Northern Kingdom and is also used by law to refer to the nationality and citizenship of the people of the Northern Kingdom. Aside from this, however, people might use other ethnic adjectives such as [[Leucish]], [[Rwycorrts]], [[Chattenish]], [[Terkish]], [[Porgynthish]],[[Jotavs | Jotavish]], or[[Corks | Corkish]] to describe their ethnic heritage. | The adjective "Chalcish" is commonly used to refer to the matters relating to the Northern Kingdom and is also used by law to refer to the nationality and citizenship of the people of the Northern Kingdom. Aside from this, however, people might use other ethnic adjectives such as [[Leucish]], [[Rwycorrts]], [[Chattenish]], [[Terkish]], [[Porgynthish]],[[Jotavs | Jotavish]], or[[Corks | Corkish]] to describe their ethnic heritage. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Before the Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr=== | ===Before the Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr=== | ||
The [[Proto-chalcerean]] people first arrived on Chalcain Isles 41,000 years ago, settling the island in waves from [[Helswig]]. They continuously inhabited the island until 9,900 years when glacier ice retreated to the poles. By the end of the | The [[Proto-chalcerean]] people first arrived on Chalcain Isles 41,000 years ago, settling the island in waves from [[Helswig]]. They continuously inhabited the island until 9,900 years when glacier ice retreated to the poles. By the end of the 2nd millenium BCE, another wave of human migration occurred. [[Vauns]], a tictish tribe, migrated into south-eastern Leucen and southern Terk from the present-day states of [[Vaunhein]] and [[Inner Tictland]]. The Vauns would remain a distinct ethnicity within the islands. The Chalcerean people would ultimately be separated into two following the appearance of the [[Crowergynn Sea]] that will divide the [[Chalcain Isles]] into the island of Chatten and Leucen.[[File:Early thirteen kingdoms period.svg|left|thumb|231x231px|Early migration routes of the [[Chalcerean people]] that led to the foundation of the [[Tridetarchy|Thirteen Kingdoms.]]]] | ||
[[File:Pavia- cavalieri medievali.jpg|left|thumb|Battle of Shalcyr, which results in the dissolution of the [[Confederacy of the North]]]] | |||
Before the [[Tridetarchy]], the middle Chalcerean tribes of [[Gon]], [[Urles]], and [[Poctannan]], headed by [[Lamacil]], a [[High King]], fled west into [[Two River Valley]] where they allied with [[Kingdom of Rwycorr|Rwycorr]] by 12 BCE, forming the kingdom of [[Kingdom of Cydacyll|Cydacyll]]. By the turn of the millenium, however, [[Kingdom of Leucen|Leucen]], once a minor kingdom, soon emerged as the most powerful Chalcerean Kingdom in the island. The [[Terks]], the main rivals of the later [[Sami-Finnons]], settled on the south-east island of [[Island of Terk |the same name]], mingling with the already present Vauns, creating a hybrid of [[Terkish culture|Vaun-Finnon culture]] in the island. They would ultimately be included as one of the Thirteen Kingdoms as the [[Kingdom of Terk]]. By 10 CE, [[House of Tagenet|Leucish King]] [[King Weferstann|Weferstann]]'s son, [[Maverstann]], married the daughter of Terk's King [[Campugne]], [[Samerwen]], aiming to ally a powerful maritime kingdom to his side. In year 45, Incursions of the [[Lechian tribes]] into the northern kingdoms of [[Jotavs and the Hundes|Jotavs]], [[Kingdom of Rwycorr|Rwycorr]], and [[Kingdom of the Corks|Corks]] persuaded the Jotavian King [[Komaus]] to form a [[Confederation of the North|confederation]], called the Confederation of the North, a decision deemed unpopular yet necessary amongst the Jotavian nobility. When the [[House of Corus|Rwycorrian King]] [[Marcyn the Generous|Marcyn]] ascends to the throne in year 54, he started a [[Rwycorrian reforms|series of reforms]] which establishes the position of a High King and a small noble council known as the [[Sert]]. Initially unpopular, this new government system proves itself to be effective and soon becomes popular among the nobility. | |||
The state of [[State of Leyds|Leyds]] seceded from Cydacyll due to failed land reforms. In 98, continued Terk migrations saw the establishment of the Kingdom of [[Kingdom of Tamugnonia|Tamugnonia]] and [[Kingdom of Ostria|Ostrian city states]]. Meanwhile, northern Chattish seafarers originating from the [[Isle of Rustav]] migrated south and landed on south-western Leucen, establishing the Chattish Chalcerean kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Doyre|Doyre]] and [[Kingdom of Timmes|Timmes]]. Within these kingdoms, a distinct [[Chattish-Vaun]] culture emerges. Rising tensions between Vauns and Terkish settlers in southern Tamugnonia resulted in a [[Tamugnonia Civil War|civil war]], ending in Vaunish victory. The [[Grant Treaty]] of 100 saw [[Morctos]] of Timmes establishing [[East Timmes]] as a Timmian vassal. | |||
These tribes soon developed into Thirteen Kingdoms by 115, historically known as the [[Tridetarchy]]. By the turn of the 2nd century AD, the Thirteen kingdom's domain covered almost all of the island of Leucen, with the [[Midlands]], [[Lech]], and [[Ester]] remaining nomadic by the start of the 2nd Century. | |||
The creation of the Kingdom of Leucen begins when [[Tumerstann]]'s daughter, [[Corwen]], was kidnapped by [[Hohenstein]], Prince-regent of Timmes, known as the [[Orchard Affairs]]. Leucen's response culminated in the [[Southern Conquests|conquest of Timmes]], which led to the abdication of the [[House of Sycosiabella|Timmish King]] [[Tictos|Tictos the Frail]] and the dissolution of the Kingdom. East Timmes, now an independent kingdom, was not spared by conquest. The conquest of East Timmes by Tamugnonia forced Vaunish settlers to migrate into the only remaining Vaunish Kingdom which was [[Doyre]]. In 231, [[Namarstann]] of Leucen forged an [[Alliance against Ostria|alliance]] with the Porgynths in exchange for the bounty of the Ostrian City States. The [[Ostrian Partition]] of 256 divided Ostrian into two, effectively surrounding Tamugnonia from all sides by Leucen allies. Ultimately, Leucen would [[Conquest of Tamugnonia|conquer]] Tamugnonia in 299, and [[Jaharann]] of Leucen marries the [[Monarchy of Doyre|Doyrish Queen]] [[Mifareth]], uniting both kingdoms under a single [[House of Yrforr|monarchy]]. A sizeable number of Vaunish inhabitants, finding themselves under the rule of their conquerors, fled to the Kingdom of Terk, which despite their [[Terk-Leucen Alliance|alliance]] with Leucen, is accepting of the Vauns. By 312, Leucen's domains extends all through-out the southern lands of the island. Leucen adopted the Cydacyllian model of government, with [[High King of Leucen|High King]] [[Corol|Sycor I]], once the incumbent King, ruling as the first High King of Leucen. | |||
[[ | ===Moravian Conquests and rule=== | ||
In 344, the Moravian Conquest begins in the [[conquest of Helswig]]. High King [[Mrathmann]] of Leucen, seeing the ruthlessness of their new neighbors, [[North-South Alliance|allied]] with the Confederation of the North to protect against potential invasions from the Moravians. By 398, an assembled [[Great Hundred Men|army]] led by the future [[Emperor of the Moravs|Moravian Emperor]] [[Sicador Morastus]] landed on Doyre. The Moravs invaded and sacked Terk, before moving on to the city of [[Malwenydd]], where they executed [[Punthywyn]], the last Terkish King. Following the [[Ostrian Massacre|massacre at Ostria]] on 423, High King [[Fryenwyn]] of Leucen and High King [[Therycor II]] of the Confederacy of the North hastily mustered an army and fought in the [[Battle of Murandi]] in 431, resulting in both deaths and Moravian victory. From 435 to 456, the Moravs would conquer Leucen and Porgynth before subjugating the tribal peoples of Ester and southern Midlands. In 466, [[Moravian Conquests of the North|Cydacyll and Leyds capitulated]], giving Moravians a foothold against the Confederacy. It is said that High King [[Mycor IV]] grew paranoid after receiving the news, going so far as to enact forced conscription, including his councillors. In order to break the Confederacy, the Moravians, with the help of the Lechs, invaded the city of [[Lech]]. Cutting the confederacy into two, the Moravians quickly occupied the capital [[Shalcyr]], dissolved the Confederacy, and executed Mycor IV and his family, ending his line. | |||
The | The Moravians established [[Moravian Leucenia]] as an [[Imperial province]] by 512. Nobles who pledge their loyalty to the [[Moravian Empire|Empire]] retained their status, wealth, and authority, while those who resist were utterly destroyed, their lands redistributed to other loyal lords. This system had a profound effect on Leucenian politics for centuries to come. [[Chattish Incursions|Incursions of the Moravians into the island of Chatten]] proves to be unsuccessful due to the machinations of the maritime warlords around Crowergynn Sea. In 634, Chattenian maritime kingdoms, such as those in [[Rustav Confederation]], flourished during this time period as settlements sprouted along the Chattenian coast. Indeed, the presence of a [[Rustav Confederation|powerful maritime confederation]] in Crowergynn Sea discourages the Moravians to pursue further imperial efforts towards the island of Chatten. By the turn of the 8th century CE, coinciding with the decline of the Moravian Empire, Moravian emigration into the mainland increased. The imperial province would soon plunge into anarchy on 801 when [[Imperial Governorship|Governor]] [[Campane Calagaunt]], the last Moravian ruler, was assassinated by four [[Calagaunt Assassination|unknown assailants]]. With the absence of a ruler, [[Kingdom of Leucen]] became an independent state under the rule of High King Sycos VII, the [[Kingdom of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes]] seceded, while [[Kingdom of Rwycorr|Rwycorr]] revolted against the remaining [[Moravo-Leucish nobility|nobility]]. | ||
[[File:Moravian leucenia.svg|left|thumb|210x210px|[[Moravian Leucenia]] as of 640 CE]] | |||
=== The Deluge and the War of the Daggers === | |||
By 805, another wave of migrations begin. The militaristic Finnonian [[Sami-Finnons]], ancient rivals of the [[Terks]], arrived on south-western Leucen. By 812, the Sami-Finnons had conquered the former lands of Ostria, Tamugnonia, and Porgynth. Faced by a larger threat in its early years of independence, High King Sycos VII of Leucen and [[High King of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes|High King]] [[Yari]] of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes decided to elect a single [[High King of the Leucian Islands|High King]] while maintaining their independence and creating a single [[Royal Army]], creating the [[Southern and Northern Electorates]]. The [[Midland Wars]] was fought in November 814 in the expanse of the Midlands, with the [[Battle of Varnyconne]] and the [[Battle of Tower Bridge]], where both High Kings were slain, being the most significant. By 825, the Sami-Finnons were pushed back into [[Ester]], where they developed into pirates and raiders. | |||
With the threat of the Sami-Finnons greatly diminished, a short peace followed. On June 2, 826, following the deaths of both High Kings, the ascend of High King [[Sycor IX]], the first High King to be elected by both the Southern and Northern Electorates, was followed by authoritative practices. When Myrcos ordered the [[Pagan Ordinance]] of 831 which orders for the return to [[Chalcerean Paganism]], two of his younger brothers, Nymeth and Fwynth, resisted and were exiled. They were sent to [[Morav]] years ago as emmissaries to the King. unbeknowngst to Sycor IX, they converted to [[Moravian Meyrism]] in 839. This act is deemed unpopular by the electorate and the nobility, who warns the King for a gradual decline of possible heirs to the throne. Sycor IX, childless and spouseless, grew more paranoid as years came. His absence on every Council meetings agitated even his closest advisors. The execution of the popular [[Master of the Coin]] [[Fylor]] and Fwynth led Nymeth to overthrow his father in a coup. After Sycor IX was exiled to Lammascern, Nymeth, with the consent and vote of both the Northern and Southern Electorates, then becomes the first ruler of the renamed [[House of Horessen]] by 844, a naming tradition he inherited from feudal lords in the mainland. His rule would seen the entry of [[Meyrism]] and feudalism into the Kingdom. | |||
By 910, The title of "High King" was abolished, replaced only with a simple title of "King" by High King [[Corweth]], though the King's council and the powers of the King was retained. Corweth also continued the tradition of adopting Tictish tradition and culture such as[[wikipedia:Feudalism|feudalism]], [[wikipedia:Heraldry|heraldry]], [[Meyrism]], and the ruling concept of the [[wikipedia:Divine_right_of_kings|divine right of kings]]. | |||
By the turn of the first millenium, the Kingdom of Leucen is troubled with the constant raids of pirates and raiders in the east and north. When the Northern and Southern Electorates were dissolved by the usurper King [[Asach]], the unconsented Southern Electorate broke their alliance with the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes. In 989, Vaunish and Terkish rose in rebellion against the Crown, starting the [[Terkish Rebellions]], which were violently put down. King [[\|Hirweth]] of Leucen, seeing an opportunity, launches a failed invasion on the region of Rwycorr, which antagonizes the north. In 1012, the [[Sons of the Fleet]], a Sami-Finnon mercenary group based in Ester, massacred King Hirweth and his family, considered the worst [[wikipedia:Regicide|regicide]] in Chalcish history. The [[Red Dagger Conspiracy]] revealed the role of a distant bastard relative [[Cumberwon]], currently the [[Hand of the King]] of the incumbent King [[Urach]] of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes, as the mastermind of the massacre. Allying with the Sami-Finnons and the Rustav Confederation, a [[Horseshoe Alliance|network of anti-Leucish organizations and institutions was created]] to undermine the dominance of Leucen. By 1015, the King's council welcomed the Helswigan King [[Hardewyth]], distant relative of the great High King Sycor IX, ascended to the throne, creating the [[House of Flemmes]]. Aware of the conspiracy to erase Leucen from existence, Hardewyth secretly made an [[Dagger Alliance|alliance]] with the Lechians and the Chattish [[Duran|Kingdom of Duran]]. On the even of 12 August 1015, Hardewyth declares war on the Horseshoe Alliance, starting the [[War of the Daggers]]. | |||
Under the guise of this war, the following Flemmish Kings enacted reforms that sought to impose [[wikipedia:Absolutism_(European_history)|absolutism]] among its territories. Rationing, the power to impose taxes to both the peasants and the nobility, Management of land reform system, and the transformation of the government into a corrupt bureaucratic system favoriing networking than merit causes discord among the nobility. In 1100, King [[Calwyth]] enacted the [[Act of Modification to Taxation and Finance 1100]], giving absolute military and financial control to the Monarch, disregarding the plea of the King's Council to not enact such divisive reform. The ensuing conflict resulted in the [[War of the Barons]] in which the Monarch lost. Seeking a compromise, the Barons, landowners of noble origin, submitted the [[The Ten Points]], which advocates for the limitation of the Sovereign's power, the creation of the [[Laramus Ex]], the transformation of the King's Council into the [[Parliament|Court of Elders]] ([[House of Baronies]]), and the return of land management control over to the barons. | |||
===Kingdom of Great Chalcain=== | ===Kingdom of Great Chalcain=== | ||
===Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen=== | ===Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen=== | ||
===Rise of the House of Bourke=== | ===Rise of the House of Bourke=== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:16, 21 June 2024
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Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen Rechton im Chatten erd Leucen | |
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: "Dyvin ed Frier" "Divine and Free" | |
| Anthem: "Rumywen tour Runyn" 'Risen from ruins' | |
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| Capital and largest city | Lomercoyne |
| Official languages |
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| Regional and minority languages |
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| National sign language | Chalcish Sign Language |
| Ethnic groups (2020) |
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| Religion (2020) |
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| Demonym(s) | Chalcish, Chalcs (colloquial) |
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | King Bourke II |
| Saiah Dunwille | |
| Cearl Margowys | |
| Symon Parshyla | |
| Legislature | Court of Elders |
| House of Baronies | |
| Assembly of Commons | |
| Formation | |
| 8 March 115 | |
| c. 512 | |
| 1 January 809 | |
| c. 1015 - 1195 | |
| 8 June 1213 | |
| 25 November 1487 | |
| 15 July 1978 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 512,455 km2 (197,860 sq mi) (69th) |
• Water (%) | 1.3 |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate | 115,634,195 (13th) |
• 2022/24 census | 115,112,734 |
• Density | 312/km2 (808.1/sq mi) (12th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | ₽4.881 trillion (26th) |
• Per capita | ₽64,556 (5th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | ₽4.233 trillion (7th) |
• Per capita | ₽59,412 (21st) |
| Gini (2023) |  21.6low (8th) |
| HDI (2023) |  0.955very high (11th) |
| Currency | Leucenian Piese (PIS) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 ( NWT) |
• Summer (DST) | observed |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +115 |
| Internet TLD | .chl |
Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen, commonly known as the Northern Kingdom, (NK) or Chalcain, is an island country located on northwestern Callys just off the mainland coast. It comprises two main nations, namely Chatten and Leucen, hence the name. The Northern Kingdom also includes surrounding islands such as the Lannascern islands, Amarincen islands, Isle of Furk, and the Porgynth islands. Collectively, the domains of the Northern Kingdom are known as the Chalcer Isles. The Northern Kingdom is surrounded by the Eastern Sea, Lacendynn Sea, Leucish Sea, Elvenmann Strait, Chatten Strait, and Heptant Ocean. Meanwhile, the Crowergynn Sea separates the island of Chatten and Leucen, with the isle of Rustav located conveniently between the two islands. The Northern Kingdom shares maritime borders with Finnon to the north-east, Helswig to the south-west, Tictland to the south-east, and Coradis to the south. The total area of the Northern Kingdom is 512,455 km2 (197,860 square miles) with an estimated population of 115 million people as of 2023. The capital and largest city is Lomercoyne, and its surrounding urban area is the largest in Callys. Other major cities with large surrounding urban area includes Mowycen, Pownys, Cumbershyre, City of Lech, Sark, Varnyconne, Shalcyr, Courcamyron, and Malwenydd.
Prehistoric human activity on the islands dates back to the last Ice Age, with continuous habitation since the end of the last glacial maximum. The Chalcerean people emerged as the dominant human culture on the islands which comprises of the tribal societies, namely, Jotavs, Porgynth, Corks, Rwycorrts, Terkish, Leucish, and Chattenish, all were the precursors and founder of the later Thirteen Kingdoms. The anarchic Thirteen Kingdoms period saw the gradual unification of all kingdoms into the domain of the first High King Sycor I of Leucen. The Moravs conquered the islands of Chatten and Leucen and made it into their province, known as Moravian Leucenia, until their departure from the islands in 800. Coinciding it was the arrival of the Sami-Finnons, known as the Deluge, beginning in 809 and lasted until 825. Meyrism religion arrived in the islands when High King Sycor IX's exiled younger brothers and recent Meyrian converts, Nymeth and Fwynth arrived on the Islands. Paranoia led Sycor IX to execute Fylor, Master of the Coin, and Fwynth, Nymeth's younger brother. Their execution led to his disenthronement and death, succeeded by Nymeth as the first monarch of the House of Horessen. With the authoritative ordinances of Sycor IX repealed, his succession by the year 844 is considered the beginning of the Middle Medieval Era. The current royal family traces its oldest ancestor back to this period.
Incursions of the remaining Chalcerean pagans convinced the Flemmian King Ardewyth II to launch several invasions into the northern lands, culminating into the Wars of the Daggers resulting in Leucish victory. The lands of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes were occupied while Rwycorr, land of the Rwycorrts, were annexed directly into Leucen through the signing of the Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213, creating the Kingdom of Great Chalcain. The Acts of Unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487 were signed by King Dravid II as a response to the economic instability caused by the Finnonian raids to the kingless Kingdom of Chatten, creating the current Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen. The Northern Kingdom held only a few islands and atolls in the Septentriones Ocean during the Age of Exploration, and the Northern Kingdom is among the only major Callyssian power not to adopt slavery among its island colonies nor advocates to become a major colonial power, even after the majority of the aristocracy remained in favor of the idea of it. The Northern Kingdom remained relatively unscathed during the Century of Revolutions. By 1901, they remain the only monarchy in Callys. They adopted a policy of neutrality-unless-needed since 1895 and crafted a complex foreign policy which favor both great powers during both great wars. The Finnon-Leucenian Treaty of the Outlying Islands 1978 were signed between the Northern Kingdom and the Finnon with the Northern Kingdom receiving the islands of Porgynth, Lannascern, and Furk.
The Northern Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and a federal parliamentary democracy. It is a developed and advanced country and the seventh-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). Since 1988, the Northern Kingdom is a nuclear-powered state, but is not a nuclear weapon state. The Northern Kingdom maintains the Bonhouten welfare model that provides universal health care system, a comprehensive social security system, and tertiary education to all its citizens. As a welfare state, it ranks high in income equality, quality of life, gender equality, and prosperity. It is a founding member of the Assembly of Nations, Callyssian Union, Organization for Trade and Economic Development (OTED), International Bank, the G5, and the GNTO.
Etymology and terminology
The Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213 declared that the Second Kingdom of Leucen should be named "The Kingdom of Great Chalcain" despite the fact that the lands of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes were only occupied and are not annexed into the kingdom. The term "Great Chalcain" refers to the islands of Leucen, its constituent regions, and its surrounding islands. When Chatten was incorporated into Great Chalcain by the signing of the Acts of unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487, the Council of Elders held an executive referendum that resulted in name change of the Northern Kingdom into the "Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen" by 1501.
"Northern Kingdom" as a term didn't come into vocabulary use until 1935 when a Tictish journalist Hymera Vera Phon of the Strait Times wrote an article about the prevalence of monarchies in Callys. In the article, Hymera referred to the time where four great monarchies ruled over Callys, with the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen being the northern one amongst the four. Even after the Century of Revolutions which saw a massive upheaval of monarchies around Callys; the people, scholars, military leaders, and politicans still use the term "Northern Kingdom" as an alias to the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen to refer to it as the last surviving monarchy among the Four Monarchies and on the continent as a whole.
The term "Leucen" has become synonymous with the Great Chalcain and in general is the principal mistake people outside the Northern Kingdom always make. This is because of the dominant influence and reputation Leucen has over the country, given the fact that Leucen is not only the oldest, but also the most culturally diverse. Leucen is also the academic and professional term scholars use during the 18th and 19th centuries when referring to the Northern Kingdom, though it later went obsolete.The Committee of Geographical Names defines "Leucen" as the name of the island that constitutes Great Chalcain, the "Kingdom of Leucen" as a historical region covering almost all of Leucen except for the regions of Rwycorr, Jotav, Lech, Ostria, and Porgynth, "Great Chalcain" as the name describing the totality of Leucen and its surrounding islands with Chatten and its jurisdiction removed, while the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen describes the Kingdom with both Chatten and Leucen included.
The adjective "Chalcish" is commonly used to refer to the matters relating to the Northern Kingdom and is also used by law to refer to the nationality and citizenship of the people of the Northern Kingdom. Aside from this, however, people might use other ethnic adjectives such as Leucish, Rwycorrts, Chattenish, Terkish, Porgynthish, Jotavish, or Corkish to describe their ethnic heritage.
History
Before the Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr
The Proto-chalcerean people first arrived on Chalcain Isles 41,000 years ago, settling the island in waves from Helswig. They continuously inhabited the island until 9,900 years when glacier ice retreated to the poles. By the end of the 2nd millenium BCE, another wave of human migration occurred. Vauns, a tictish tribe, migrated into south-eastern Leucen and southern Terk from the present-day states of Vaunhein and Inner Tictland. The Vauns would remain a distinct ethnicity within the islands. The Chalcerean people would ultimately be separated into two following the appearance of the Crowergynn Sea that will divide the Chalcain Isles into the island of Chatten and Leucen.
Before the Tridetarchy, the middle Chalcerean tribes of Gon, Urles, and Poctannan, headed by Lamacil, a High King, fled west into Two River Valley where they allied with Rwycorr by 12 BCE, forming the kingdom of Cydacyll. By the turn of the millenium, however, Leucen, once a minor kingdom, soon emerged as the most powerful Chalcerean Kingdom in the island. The Terks, the main rivals of the later Sami-Finnons, settled on the south-east island of the same name, mingling with the already present Vauns, creating a hybrid of Vaun-Finnon culture in the island. They would ultimately be included as one of the Thirteen Kingdoms as the Kingdom of Terk. By 10 CE, Leucish King Weferstann's son, Maverstann, married the daughter of Terk's King Campugne, Samerwen, aiming to ally a powerful maritime kingdom to his side. In year 45, Incursions of the Lechian tribes into the northern kingdoms of Jotavs, Rwycorr, and Corks persuaded the Jotavian King Komaus to form a confederation, called the Confederation of the North, a decision deemed unpopular yet necessary amongst the Jotavian nobility. When the Rwycorrian King Marcyn ascends to the throne in year 54, he started a series of reforms which establishes the position of a High King and a small noble council known as the Sert. Initially unpopular, this new government system proves itself to be effective and soon becomes popular among the nobility.
The state of Leyds seceded from Cydacyll due to failed land reforms. In 98, continued Terk migrations saw the establishment of the Kingdom of Tamugnonia and Ostrian city states. Meanwhile, northern Chattish seafarers originating from the Isle of Rustav migrated south and landed on south-western Leucen, establishing the Chattish Chalcerean kingdoms of Doyre and Timmes. Within these kingdoms, a distinct Chattish-Vaun culture emerges. Rising tensions between Vauns and Terkish settlers in southern Tamugnonia resulted in a civil war, ending in Vaunish victory. The Grant Treaty of 100 saw Morctos of Timmes establishing East Timmes as a Timmian vassal.
These tribes soon developed into Thirteen Kingdoms by 115, historically known as the Tridetarchy. By the turn of the 2nd century AD, the Thirteen kingdom's domain covered almost all of the island of Leucen, with the Midlands, Lech, and Ester remaining nomadic by the start of the 2nd Century.
The creation of the Kingdom of Leucen begins when Tumerstann's daughter, Corwen, was kidnapped by Hohenstein, Prince-regent of Timmes, known as the Orchard Affairs. Leucen's response culminated in the conquest of Timmes, which led to the abdication of the Timmish King Tictos the Frail and the dissolution of the Kingdom. East Timmes, now an independent kingdom, was not spared by conquest. The conquest of East Timmes by Tamugnonia forced Vaunish settlers to migrate into the only remaining Vaunish Kingdom which was Doyre. In 231, Namarstann of Leucen forged an alliance with the Porgynths in exchange for the bounty of the Ostrian City States. The Ostrian Partition of 256 divided Ostrian into two, effectively surrounding Tamugnonia from all sides by Leucen allies. Ultimately, Leucen would conquer Tamugnonia in 299, and Jaharann of Leucen marries the Doyrish Queen Mifareth, uniting both kingdoms under a single monarchy. A sizeable number of Vaunish inhabitants, finding themselves under the rule of their conquerors, fled to the Kingdom of Terk, which despite their alliance with Leucen, is accepting of the Vauns. By 312, Leucen's domains extends all through-out the southern lands of the island. Leucen adopted the Cydacyllian model of government, with High King Sycor I, once the incumbent King, ruling as the first High King of Leucen.
Moravian Conquests and rule
In 344, the Moravian Conquest begins in the conquest of Helswig. High King Mrathmann of Leucen, seeing the ruthlessness of their new neighbors, allied with the Confederation of the North to protect against potential invasions from the Moravians. By 398, an assembled army led by the future Moravian Emperor Sicador Morastus landed on Doyre. The Moravs invaded and sacked Terk, before moving on to the city of Malwenydd, where they executed Punthywyn, the last Terkish King. Following the massacre at Ostria on 423, High King Fryenwyn of Leucen and High King Therycor II of the Confederacy of the North hastily mustered an army and fought in the Battle of Murandi in 431, resulting in both deaths and Moravian victory. From 435 to 456, the Moravs would conquer Leucen and Porgynth before subjugating the tribal peoples of Ester and southern Midlands. In 466, Cydacyll and Leyds capitulated, giving Moravians a foothold against the Confederacy. It is said that High King Mycor IV grew paranoid after receiving the news, going so far as to enact forced conscription, including his councillors. In order to break the Confederacy, the Moravians, with the help of the Lechs, invaded the city of Lech. Cutting the confederacy into two, the Moravians quickly occupied the capital Shalcyr, dissolved the Confederacy, and executed Mycor IV and his family, ending his line.
The Moravians established Moravian Leucenia as an Imperial province by 512. Nobles who pledge their loyalty to the Empire retained their status, wealth, and authority, while those who resist were utterly destroyed, their lands redistributed to other loyal lords. This system had a profound effect on Leucenian politics for centuries to come. Incursions of the Moravians into the island of Chatten proves to be unsuccessful due to the machinations of the maritime warlords around Crowergynn Sea. In 634, Chattenian maritime kingdoms, such as those in Rustav Confederation, flourished during this time period as settlements sprouted along the Chattenian coast. Indeed, the presence of a powerful maritime confederation in Crowergynn Sea discourages the Moravians to pursue further imperial efforts towards the island of Chatten. By the turn of the 8th century CE, coinciding with the decline of the Moravian Empire, Moravian emigration into the mainland increased. The imperial province would soon plunge into anarchy on 801 when Governor Campane Calagaunt, the last Moravian ruler, was assassinated by four unknown assailants. With the absence of a ruler, Kingdom of Leucen became an independent state under the rule of High King Sycos VII, the Kingdom of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes seceded, while Rwycorr revolted against the remaining nobility.
The Deluge and the War of the Daggers
By 805, another wave of migrations begin. The militaristic Finnonian Sami-Finnons, ancient rivals of the Terks, arrived on south-western Leucen. By 812, the Sami-Finnons had conquered the former lands of Ostria, Tamugnonia, and Porgynth. Faced by a larger threat in its early years of independence, High King Sycos VII of Leucen and High King Yari of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes decided to elect a single High King while maintaining their independence and creating a single Royal Army, creating the Southern and Northern Electorates. The Midland Wars was fought in November 814 in the expanse of the Midlands, with the Battle of Varnyconne and the Battle of Tower Bridge, where both High Kings were slain, being the most significant. By 825, the Sami-Finnons were pushed back into Ester, where they developed into pirates and raiders.
With the threat of the Sami-Finnons greatly diminished, a short peace followed. On June 2, 826, following the deaths of both High Kings, the ascend of High King Sycor IX, the first High King to be elected by both the Southern and Northern Electorates, was followed by authoritative practices. When Myrcos ordered the Pagan Ordinance of 831 which orders for the return to Chalcerean Paganism, two of his younger brothers, Nymeth and Fwynth, resisted and were exiled. They were sent to Morav years ago as emmissaries to the King. unbeknowngst to Sycor IX, they converted to Moravian Meyrism in 839. This act is deemed unpopular by the electorate and the nobility, who warns the King for a gradual decline of possible heirs to the throne. Sycor IX, childless and spouseless, grew more paranoid as years came. His absence on every Council meetings agitated even his closest advisors. The execution of the popular Master of the Coin Fylor and Fwynth led Nymeth to overthrow his father in a coup. After Sycor IX was exiled to Lammascern, Nymeth, with the consent and vote of both the Northern and Southern Electorates, then becomes the first ruler of the renamed House of Horessen by 844, a naming tradition he inherited from feudal lords in the mainland. His rule would seen the entry of Meyrism and feudalism into the Kingdom.
By 910, The title of "High King" was abolished, replaced only with a simple title of "King" by High King Corweth, though the King's council and the powers of the King was retained. Corweth also continued the tradition of adopting Tictish tradition and culture such asfeudalism, heraldry, Meyrism, and the ruling concept of the divine right of kings.
By the turn of the first millenium, the Kingdom of Leucen is troubled with the constant raids of pirates and raiders in the east and north. When the Northern and Southern Electorates were dissolved by the usurper King Asach, the unconsented Southern Electorate broke their alliance with the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes. In 989, Vaunish and Terkish rose in rebellion against the Crown, starting the Terkish Rebellions, which were violently put down. King Hirweth of Leucen, seeing an opportunity, launches a failed invasion on the region of Rwycorr, which antagonizes the north. In 1012, the Sons of the Fleet, a Sami-Finnon mercenary group based in Ester, massacred King Hirweth and his family, considered the worst regicide in Chalcish history. The Red Dagger Conspiracy revealed the role of a distant bastard relative Cumberwon, currently the Hand of the King of the incumbent King Urach of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes, as the mastermind of the massacre. Allying with the Sami-Finnons and the Rustav Confederation, a network of anti-Leucish organizations and institutions was created to undermine the dominance of Leucen. By 1015, the King's council welcomed the Helswigan King Hardewyth, distant relative of the great High King Sycor IX, ascended to the throne, creating the House of Flemmes. Aware of the conspiracy to erase Leucen from existence, Hardewyth secretly made an alliance with the Lechians and the Chattish Kingdom of Duran. On the even of 12 August 1015, Hardewyth declares war on the Horseshoe Alliance, starting the War of the Daggers.
Under the guise of this war, the following Flemmish Kings enacted reforms that sought to impose absolutism among its territories. Rationing, the power to impose taxes to both the peasants and the nobility, Management of land reform system, and the transformation of the government into a corrupt bureaucratic system favoriing networking than merit causes discord among the nobility. In 1100, King Calwyth enacted the Act of Modification to Taxation and Finance 1100, giving absolute military and financial control to the Monarch, disregarding the plea of the King's Council to not enact such divisive reform. The ensuing conflict resulted in the War of the Barons in which the Monarch lost. Seeking a compromise, the Barons, landowners of noble origin, submitted the The Ten Points, which advocates for the limitation of the Sovereign's power, the creation of the Laramus Ex, the transformation of the King's Council into the Court of Elders (House of Baronies), and the return of land management control over to the barons.