Tsabaran Civil War

Tsabaran Political Crisis
Date January 2019-present Location Tsabara Status Ongoing
Belligerents
Tsabaran federal government Tsabaran Federal Armed Forces Federal Police	Lions of the Homeland Haganah Beitar Atudite units of the TFAF	Al-Isbah Tsabaran Resistance Brigades Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
Commanders and leaders
Atwan al-Tughluq (2019) Yahya Aboud (2019-) Gen. Amir Salah (2019-) Gen. Rafiq Ali Benjedid (2019-)	Elazar-ben Ya'ir Avraham Begin Yair Ben-Avi Hanna Markovna	Hussein Ardashir al-Shar’a Hussein Al-Battar Mustafa Saab Samir Badreddine Faizan Salah
Strength
~790,000 soldiers 114,385 police	~6,000-15,000 fighters 3,000-4,500 fighters 2,500-3,500 fighters ~11,000 soldiers	3,000-5,000 fighters 4,000-10,000 fighters 10,000-19,000 fighters
Casualties and losses
Per Tsabaran Government: 218 killed 358 injured Per CBHRW: 613 killed 1,194 injured Per TLDA: 777 killed 2,000 injured	191 killed or injured ~300 arrested 105-340 killed or injured 205 arrested	~88 killed 17 arrested +100 killed +200 arrested
300-568 civilians killed (per Ministry of Health) 600-1,100 civilians killed (per CBHRW) 558-900 civilians injured

The Tsabaran Political Crisis or Tsabara Crisis is an ongoing ethno-sectarian conflict and political crisis in Tsabara. It began in response to political reforms under President Atwan al-Tughluq, in which the ethno-sectarian balance of power and representation was undermined in favour of the Badawiyan Irfanic population. President al-Tughluq died on 7 October 2019 from a heart-attack. His death led to a powergrab by Premier Yahya Aboud and a subsequent escalation in tensions. The political tensions have been deepened by widespread sectarian and ethnic violence, that has left an estimated 300-1,100 people dead.

While inter-sectarian tensions existed prior to 2019 over the political agenda of Atwan al-Tughluq, subsequent reforms at the start of 2019, including the removal of Atudite justices from the Supreme Court and their replacement by Badawiyans and the introduction of pro-Badawiyan taxation policies led to a significant increase in actions by the Lions of the Homeland-Tsabara. Repeated government efforts to undermine the confessionalist system alienated many mainstream Atudite figures and politicians. Tensions were further enflamed by the rise of Badawiyan pan-irfanics within Tughluq's government. Anti-government protests in Atudite-majority areas began in the Spring of 2019, which were met with harsh police responses. In August, the situation escalated significantly with the 2019 Sfira Attack, in which Atudite military units of the Tsabaran Federal Army entered the military base, attacking the base commanders and taking the estimated 2,500 Badawiyan soldiers hostage. An estimated 111 Badawiyan soldiers were killed and led to negotiations between the Atudite attackers and the government. President al-Tughluq agreed to a series of concessions to avoid storming base in late August, before dying on 7 October.

Following al-Tughluq's death, Premier Yahya Aboud assumed the office of President, without relinquishing the office of Premier. This led to widespread condemnations by Atudite and Sotirian political parties, accusing Aboud of a powergrab. Mass anti-government protests broke out, while the situation in Sfira was left uncertain. Inter-ethnic and sectarian violence escalated significantly, while Pan-Irfanic factions began to agitate the Badawiyan population against the Atudites. On the 2 November, seven Atudite-majority states threatened to secede from the Tsabaran federation if Aboud did not step down and call elections.

Origins

Communalist regime

Following independence, political instability and economic stagnation led to Red September in 1948, this resulted in a popular revolution backed by left-wing military officers (noted in including both Atudites and Badawiyans). On October 1 1948, the Communal Republic of Tsabara was established under the leadership of the All-Tsabaran Party of the Left (ATPL). Between 1948 and 1950, the ATPL developed Communalism, a leftist ideology that sought to "unify the peoples and races of Tsabara, through reason and leftist solidarity." This resulted in the creation of a single-party state and the adoption of draconian laws enforcing secularism. Communalism viewed religion as the principal obstacle to a united and harmonious Tsabara, while the Communalist regime also worked for over four decades to undermine ethnic identity alongside sectarian.

The Communalist regime enforced its anti-ethnosectarian policies harshly, pursuing members of the Atudite, Irfanic and Sotirian clergies. It imprisoned thousands of clerics, laypeople and shuttered hundreds of places of worship. The holy sites in Adunis were left untouched and all religious ceremonies were kept under tight surveillance and government control. Those who celebrated or advocated ethnic identities and customs were also ruthlessly punished, while the regime worked to established a singular Tsabaran identity.

Prominent Tsabaran historian, Michel Gemayel wrote in 2006: "the Communalist regime saw religion and racial identity as foolhardy and obstacles toward equalism, while simaltaneously, it saw them as threats to social harmony in Tsabara. It was double-edged sword, well meaning but only kicked the can of ethno-sectarian identitarianism down the road."

Between 1948 and 1986, the Communalist regime restricted civil liberties and freedoms, while its economic policy proved highly centralised and ineffective in alleviating inequality. Furthermore, its economic policy in some areas worsened the divisions between the Atudites and Badawiyans, as it used its petrochemical exports to fund development of the fast-growing coast. The lack of development of the interior and strict restrictions on internal migration, essentially "imprisoned the Irfanic-Badawiyan population in the destitute and backward interior", while enriching and improving the living standards of the Atudite-Sotirian coastal regions.

Presidency of Atwan al-Tughluq

Atwan al-Tughluq served as President between 2006 and 2019. His policies are widely considered to be major causes for the ongoing crisis.