Lozhai language: Difference between revisions
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| fam4 = | | fam4 = | ||
| fam5 = | | fam5 = | ||
| dia1 = Rishic | | dia1 = Hill | ||
| dia2 = Steppe | |||
| dia3 = Rishic | |||
| dia4 = Zalic | |||
| script = Modified {{wp|Latin script|Latin}}<br>Modified {{wp|Early Cyrillic alphabet|Old Govoric}} | | script = Modified {{wp|Latin script|Latin}}<br>Modified {{wp|Early Cyrillic alphabet|Old Govoric}} | ||
| nation = {{flag|Qazhshava}}<br />{{flag|Sekidean Union}} | | nation = {{flag|Qazhshava}}<br />{{flag|Sekidean Union}} |
Revision as of 12:21, 17 February 2021
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Qazhshavan | |
---|---|
Aldonian Adaju gezë Адаьу гезэ /aˈdaju ˈɣɛ.z/ | |
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Aldonian Qazhshavans |
Native speakers | Total:80 million L1:- L2:- (2018) |
Thuado-Thrismaran
| |
Dialects |
|
Modified Latin Modified Old Govoric | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Qazhshava Sekidean Union |
Recognised minority language in | |
Regulated by | Commission of the Qazhshavan Language |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | qs |
ISO 639-2 | qsz |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Map of the area of native Qazhshavan speakers in the 21st century | |
The Qazhshavan/Aldonian language is a language islolate in southern Thuadia, it has similar grammatical features with the slavic languages neer the area spoken, and is one pf the official languages of Qazhshava along side Srednogorian.
Introduction
The language's grammaritcal features seem in between of slavic and germanic, it uses defenitiness, and puts nouns before adjectives.
Writing system
The language uses a Modified Latin script, and a Modified Govoric.
In general writing the Latin Version dominates, the Govoric version is used in and neer regions that use it, but every government official document has to be written in both. In the pre-1921 govoric alphabet threre were the letters ⟨й⟩, ⟨ю⟩, ⟨я⟩ and ⟨ъ⟩, but the alphabet was modernized in 1921 replacing ⟨й⟩ with ⟨ь⟩ which effectivly made ⟨ю⟩ and ⟨я⟩ obselite, and ⟨ъ⟩ with ⟨э⟩. There exists an old historic writing system that is currently used only in historic reconstructions and is tought at schools as part of history.
.
Latin Alphabet:
Aa /а~ɑ/ |
Bb /b/ |
Vv /v~ʋ/ |
Gg /g~ɣ/ |
Dd /d~ð/ |
Đđ /d͡ʒ/ |
Ee /ɛ~e/ |
Ëë /ɤ̞~ɜ/ |
Žž /ʒ/ |
Zz /z/ |
Ii /i~ɪ/ |
Kk /k/ |
Ll /ɫ~ɮ/ |
Mm /m/ |
Nn /n/ |
Oo /ɔ/ |
Pp /p/ |
Rr /ɹ~ɻ/ |
Rr rr /ɾ~r/ |
Ss /s/ |
Tt /t~θ/ |
Uu /u/ |
Ff /f/ |
Hh /x/ |
Cc /t͡s/ |
Čč /t͡ʃ/ |
Šš /ʃ/ |
Xx /ɕ/ |
Tx tx /t͡ɕ/ |
Yy /ɨ~y~i/ |
Jj /j/ |
Govoric Alphabet:
Аа /а~ɑ/ |
Бб /b/ |
Вв /v~ʋ/ |
Гг /g~ɣ/ |
Дд /d~ð/ |
Ђђ /d͡ʒ/ |
Ее /ɛ~e/ |
Ээ /ɤ̞~ɜ/ |
Жж /ʒ/ |
Зз /z/ |
Ии /i~ɪ/ |
Кк /k/ |
Лл /ɫ~ɮ/ |
Мм /m/ |
Нн /n/ |
Оо /ɔ/ |
Пп /p/ |
Рр /ɹ~ɻ/ |
Рр рр /ɾ~r/ |
Сс /s/ |
Тт /t~θ/ |
Уу /u/ |
Фф /f/ |
Хх /x/ |
Цц /t͡s/ |
Чч /t͡ʃ/ |
Шш /ʃ/ |
Щщ /ɕ/ |
Ћћ /t͡ɕ/ |
Ыы /ɨ~y~i/ |
Ьь /j/ |
Phonology
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) | ||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t~θ | k | |||
voiced | b | d~ð | ɡ~ɣ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | t͡ɕ | |||
voiced | d͡ʒ | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | ɕ | ||
voiced | v~ʋ | z (ɮ) |
ʒ | ||||
Approximant | ɫ ɹ~ɻ |
j | |||||
Tap & Trill | ɾ~r~ʁ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i (y) | ɨ | u |
Close-Mid | (e~ɪ) | ||
Mid | (ə)* | ɤ̞ | |
Open-Mid | ɛ | (ɜ) | ɔ |
Neer Open | (ɐ)* | ||
Open | a~ɑ |
Nouns
Grammatical Gender
Qazhshavan has 2 grammatical genders, they are identified by the ending sound of the base word of a word.
- Masculine - all masculine nouns end in a ⟨n⟩ or ⟨j⟩, ⟨ë⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩.
- Feminine - all feminine nouns end in ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨y⟩
Grammatical Cases
Qazhshavan has 5 grammatical cases.
- Nominative: Subject or a Predicate noun or adjective
- Accusative: Interract with Subject (hear, hit, harm...)
- Genetive: Possesed by Subject
- Locative: In Subject, on Subject
- Vocative: calling Subject
Common Translation | Nom. | Acc. | Gen. | Loc. | Voc. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine - n & j | ||||||
Man | Sin. | Nerën | Nerënun | Nerëno | Nerënky | Nerëne! |
Plr. | Nerënaj | Nerënej | Nerënoj | Nerënkyj | Nerënaj! | |
Sin.Def. | te'Nerën | te'Nerënun | te' Nerëno | te'Nerënky | Ø | |
Plr.Def. | ti'Nerënaj | ti'Nerënej | ti'Nerënoj | ti'Nerënkyj | Ø | |
Masculine - ë & o & u | ||||||
Dog | Sin. | Txeno | Txenon | Txenono | Txenky | Txeno! |
Plr. | Txenaj | Txenej | Txenoj | Txenkyj | Txenaj! | |
Sin.Def. | te'Txen | te'Txenon | te'Txenono | te'Txenky | Ø | |
Plr.Def. | ti'Txenaj | ti'Txenej | ti'Txenoj | ti'Txenkyj | Ø | |
Feminine - a & e | ||||||
Woman | Sin. | Gona | Gonan | Gonano | Gonaky | Gono! |
Plr. | Gony | Goni | Gonono | Gonky | Gony! | |
Sin.Def. | te'Gona | te'Gonan | te'Gonano | te'Gonaky | Ø | |
Plr.Def. | ti'Gony | ti'Goni | ti'Gonono | ti'Gonky | Ø | |
Feminine - i & y | ||||||
Mountain | Sin. | Xany | Xanyn | Xanyno | Xanyky | Xano! |
Plr. | Xanove | Xanovi | Xanono | Xanky | Xanove! | |
Sin.Def. | te'Xan | te'Xanyn | te'Xanyno | te'Xanyky | Ø | |
Plr.Def. | ti'Xanove | ti'Xanovi | ti'Xanono | ti'Xanky | Ø |
Adjectives
Tenses
The Lnaguage is 'Pro drop', meaning that using pronouns is optional, usually when used, they add emphasis, for example: " jemë denmë " - " i am eating ", " Dy denexë " - " you are eating ".
Mood | Person | Number | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | |||
Indicative | 1 | Singular | <>(ë)hë | <>herë | <>(ë)më | <>(ë)hë | je <>(ë)më | je an <>merë | jehë jo <>(ë)më | jehë jo an <>merë |
Plural | <>(ë)hëme | <>hëmerë | <>(ë)mëme | <>(ë)hëme | je <>(ë)mëme | je an <>mëmerë | jehë jo <>(ë)mëme | jehë jo an <>mëmerë | ||
2 | Singular | <>elë jedë | <>elerë jedë | <>exë | <>elë jedë | je <>exë | je <>exerë | jehë jo an <>exë | jehë jo an <>exerë | |
Plural | <>elaj dej | <>lajrë dej | <>eje | <>elaj dej | je <>eje | je <>ejerë | jehë jo an <>eje | jehë jo an <>ejerë | ||
3 | Singular | <>se | <>serë an | <>jë | <>se | je <>jë | je an <>jerë | jehë jo <>jë | jehë jo an <>jerë | |
Plural | <>sa | <>sarë | <>jëdë | <>sa | je <>jëdë | je an <>jëderë | jehë jo <>jëdë | jehë jo an <>jëderë | ||
Imperative | All | Singular | Ø | <>(š)y | <>(ž)y | Ø | ||||
Plural | <>(š)i | <>(ž)i |
Note: Word Order Can Switch around depending on context.
Pronouns
Translation to Common | Person and number | Nom. | Acc. | Gen. | Loc. | Voc. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | Me | First | Singular | Jemë | Memë | Me | Mene | Ø |
You (Singular) |
Second | Du | Dun | Dy | Dyn | Du! | ||
He | Him | Third | Vaj | Go | Egy | Egyn | Ø | |
She | Her | Vaja | Ga | Ega | Egan | Ø | ||
It | Vajë | Goë | Ëgy | Ëgyn | Ø | |||
We |
Us | First | Plural | Nen | Men | Ny | Nasë | Ø |
You (Plural/formal) |
Second | Dau | Daun | Daj | Dajn | Dau! | ||
They | Them | Third | Singular & Plural |
Ata | Atan | Atej | Atejn | Ø |
Note
Adjective -ian* is suffix -(j)u --- Person from x suffix -j/yn --- Person that does x suffix -(j)/ykë --- ë is silent at the end of words unless its after j --- the rë syllable is read as /ɹː~ɻː/