President of Bamvango: Difference between revisions

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==Amenities==
==Amenities==
==List==
==List==
*1947-1962 - President of the Republic
*1947-1977 - President of the Republic
*1962-1964 - Chairman of the Sovereignty Council
*1964-1977 - President of the Republic
*1977-1987 - Supreme Commander of the Security Commission
*1977-1987 - Supreme Commander of the Security Commission
*1987-1991 - Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
*1987-1991 - Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
*1991-2014 - President of the Republic
*1991-2014 - President of the Republic
*2014 - Chairman of the National Transitional Council
*2014 - National Transitional Council
*2014-present - President of the Republic
*2014-present - President of the Republic
{|class="wikitable" width="100%"
{|class="wikitable" width="100%"
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|<small>11 March</small><br>1947
|<small>11 March</small><br>1947
|''Interim president''
|''Interim president''
|rowspan="5"|[[Bamvangan National Rally-Bahian Union]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Bamvangan National Rally-Bahian Union|Bamvangan National Rally]]
|-
|-
|align="center" style="background: #DC143C;"|{{color|white|'''1'''}}
|align="center" style="background: #DC143C;"|{{color|white|'''1'''}}
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|align="center" style="background: #DC143C;"|{{color|white|'''4'''}}
|align="center" style="background: #DC143C;"|{{color|white|'''4'''}}
|<small>18 May</small><br>1960
|<small>18 May</small><br>1960
|<small>7 August</small><br>1962
|<small>7 August</small><br>1966
|[[Bamvangan general election, 1960|1960]]
|[[Bamvangan general election, 1960|1960]]
|-
|-
|colspan="5"|<small>The first president of Bamvango Akech led the colony to independence in 1946 with his Bamvangan National Rally-Bahian Union (BNR-BU) party gaining a majority in elections in 1947. Akech a committed socialist intended to modernise the colony garnering strong support from leftist student groups and trade unions, consolidating power following the 1950 snap elections. Akech subsequently led bold land reforms, socially progressive policies and policies intended to develop Bamvango through nationalisation and investment in industry. However he was frequently was accused of being authoritarian and concentrating power in his own Welke ethnic group, as well as being fiercely opposed by powerful landlords and cotton farmers'. In 1962 he was overthrown and killed in a coup d'état that was widely suspected as having been ordered by [[Estmere]].</small>
|colspan="5"|<small>The first president of Bamvango Akech led the colony to independence in 1946 with his Bamvangan National Rally (BNR) party gaining a majority in elections in 1947. Akech a committed socialist intended to modernise the colony garnering strong support from leftist student groups and trade unions, consolidating power following the 1950 snap elections. Akech subsequently led bold land reforms, socially progressive policies and policies intended to develop Bamvango through nationalisation and investment in industry. However he was frequently was accused of being authoritarian and concentrating power in his own Welke ethnic group, as well as being fiercely opposed by powerful landlords and cotton farmers'. In 1966 he was overthrown and killed in a coup d'état that was widely suspected as having been ordered by [[Estmere]].</small>
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''2'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #DC143C;"|{{color|white|'''2'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:Joshua Ngakoutou.png|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:Joseph Kasa-Vubu in Israel.png|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Brigadier general|Brig. General}}</small><br>[[Joshua Ngakoutou]]<br><small>(1925-1971)</small>
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Armel Yombandje]]<br><small>(1925-1971)</small>
|align="center" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|align="center" style="background: #DC143C;"|{{color|white|'''5'''}}
|<small>7 August</small><br>1962
|<small>7 August</small><br>1966
|<small>22 November</small><br>1965
|<small>22 May</small><br>1970
|''Military president''
|[[Bamvangan general election, 1966|1966]]
|Military
|[[Bamvangan National Rally-Bahian Union|Bamvangan National Rally]]
|-
|-
|colspan="5"|<small>The leader of the 1962 coup d'état that deposed Akech, Ngakoutou largely reversed some of the progressive measures instituted by his predecessor. An opponent of the radical anti-colonial movements common in Bahia at the time Ngakoutou was largely unpopular amongst the masses although his administration refrained from overly repressive acts. In 1964 Ngakoutou transferred power to a civilian administration led by Armel Yombandje.</small>
|colspan="5"|<small>The vice-president to Akech, Yombanjie was brought to power by the military. He was seen as a puppet to Joshua Ngakoutou who held real power in the Security Commission. Yombandje was considered the more pro-Estmerish of the two but in 1970 resigned after opposing Ngakoutou's consolidation of power.</small>
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan="3" style="background: #DDDDDD;"|{{color|white|'''3'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="3" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''3'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="3"|[[File:François Tombalbaye 1959.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="3"|[[File:Joshua Ngakoutou.png|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="3"|[[Armel Yombandje]]<br><small>(1917-1979)</small>
|align="center" rowspan="3"|<small>{{wp|Brigadier general|Brig. General}}</small><br>[[Joshua Ngakoutou]]<br><small>(1932-)</small>
|align="center" style="background: #DDDDDD;"|{{color|white|'''3'''}}
|align="center" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|<small>22 November</small><br>1965
|<small>22 May</small><br>1970
|<small>16 November</small><br>1971
|<small>16 November</small><br>1972
|[[Bamvangan general election, 1965|1965]]
|''Interim president''
|rowspan="2"|{{wp|Independent (politics)|Nonpartistan}}
|rowspan="2"|Military<br><center>↓</center><br>Bamvangan National Rally-Bahian Union
|-
|-
|align="center" style="background: #DC143C;"|{{color|white|'''4'''}}
|align="center" style="background: #DC143C;"|{{color|white|'''6'''}}
|<small>16 November</small><br>1971
|<small>16 November</small><br>1972
|<small>3 March</small><br>1977
|<small>3 March</small><br>1977
|[[Bamvangan general election, 1971|1971]]
|[[Bamvangan general election, 1972|1972]]
|-
|-
|colspan="5"|<small>The former finance minister under Akech Yombandje allied with the military to engineer his rise to power of a nonpartisan government that attempted to ensure a convergence of military and reformist elements. Yombandje subsequently crafted a authoritarian state that crushed dissent but was never to properly able to gain military support for his government. After facing a wave of unrest Yombandje was ousted whilst on a diplomatic visit to [[Nuxica]] by the chief of staff [[Kashim Shehu]].</small>
|colspan="5"|<small>Initially Ngakoutou came to power under the strong guidance of Estmere, reversing some of Akech's policies and instituting a more economically liberal course.  Ngakoutou nevertheless attempted to ensure a convergence of military and reformist elements within his government and so balanced a pro-Estmerish foreign policy with populist measures. He sought to emphasise [[Pan-Bahianism]] as his principal political objective attempting to create a confederation with [[The Magadi]]. Ngakoutou also formed a single party state under a reformed Bamvangan National Rally, renamed the Bamvangan National Rally-Bahian Union (BNR-BU) replacing the CEC but this alienated him from his military allies. After facing a wave of unrest Ngakoutou was ousted whilst on a diplomatic visit to [[Cassier]] by the chief of staff [[Kashim Shehu]].</small>
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''4'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''4'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:Kashim Shehu.png|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:Kashim Shehu.png|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Major general|Mj. General}}</small><br>[[Kashim Shehu]]<br><small>(1927-1985)</small>
|align="center" rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Major general|Mj. General}}</small><br>[[Kashim Shehu]]<br><small>(1935-1985)</small>
|align="center" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|align="center" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|<small>3 March</small><br>1977
|<small>3 March</small><br>1977
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|Military
|Military
|-
|-
|colspan="5"|<small>Ousting Yombandje in a coup d'état Shehu held a referendum that allowed him to suspend the constitution and rule by decree. Shehu would subsequently run one of the most brutal governments in Bahia torturing his opponents with meathooks and crafting an elaborate and increasingly bizarre cult of personality. Shehu's economic mismanagement and corruption in the wake of the 1980 worldwide recession led to his support to dissipate leading to Shehu to increasingly favour his own Kamba ethnic group. This triggered the [[Bamvangan Bush War]] during which Shehu was accused of promoting genocide. He was killed in the [[Estmere|Estmerish]] Operation Fair Game in 1985.</small>
|colspan="5"|<small>Ousting Ngakoutou in a coup d'état Shehu held a referendum that allowed him to suspend the constitution and rule by decree. Shehu would subsequently run one of the most brutal governments in Bahia torturing his opponents with meathooks and crafting an elaborate and increasingly bizarre cult of personality. Shehu's economic mismanagement and corruption in the wake of the 1980 worldwide recession led to his support to dissipate leading to Shehu to increasingly favour his own Kamba ethnic group. This triggered the [[Bamvangan Bush War]] during which Shehu was accused of promoting genocide. He was killed in the [[Estmere|Estmerish]] Operation Fair Game in 1985.</small>
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''5'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''5'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:David Oumarou.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:David Oumarou.jpg|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Brigadier general|Brig. General}}</small><br>[[David Oumarou]]<br><small>(1916-1992)</small>
|align="center" rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Brigadier general|Brig. General}}</small><br>[[David Oumarou]]<br><small>(1926-1992)</small>
|align="center" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|align="center" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|<small>17 July</small><br>1985
|<small>17 July</small><br>1985
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|colspan="5"|<small>Seizing power as head of the [[Bamvangan People's Revolutionary Organisation]] in 1987, Ibrahim concluded the Bush War in 1989 and secured a power-sharing deal as a result, leading the now-renamed [[Bamvangan Popular Renewal Organisation]] to electoral victory in 1991. In his first and second terms Ibrahim rebuilt the country after the damage of the Shehu regime and civil war but his push for a third term in 2001 led to repression and a return to authoritarian politics and ethnic favouritism. The economy had already begun to decline in the mid 1990's and further stagnated during the 2000's despite increased oil and mineral extraction. In 2010 the [[Patriotic Front for the Liberation of Bamvango]] began an insurgency due to Ibrahim's ethnic policies and in 2014 foreign powers withdrew support for his regime, causing his government to collapse and Ibrahim to flee the country.</small>
|colspan="5"|<small>Seizing power as head of the [[Bamvangan People's Revolutionary Organisation]] in 1987, Ibrahim concluded the Bush War in 1989 and secured a power-sharing deal as a result, leading the now-renamed [[Bamvangan Popular Renewal Organisation]] to electoral victory in 1991. In his first and second terms Ibrahim rebuilt the country after the damage of the Shehu regime and civil war but his push for a third term in 2001 led to repression and a return to authoritarian politics and ethnic favouritism. The economy had already begun to decline in the mid 1990's and further stagnated during the 2000's despite increased oil and mineral extraction. In 2010 the [[Patriotic Front for the Liberation of Bamvango]] began an insurgency due to Ibrahim's ethnic policies and in 2014 foreign powers withdrew support for his regime, causing his government to collapse and Ibrahim to flee the country.</small>
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''7'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #FF7F00;"|{{color|white|'''7'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:Paul Malong Awan.png|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:Lassina Zerbo at the 10th Article XIV Conference at the UN - 2017 (36537912733) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|<small>{{wp|Brigadier general|Brig. General}}</small><br>[[Oscar Kuol Arop]]<br><small>(1960-)</small>
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Lawrence Kabadi]]
|align="center" style="background: #C3B091;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|align="center" style="background: #FF7F00;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|<small>6 February</small><br>2014
|<small>3 March</small><br>2014
|''Interim government''
|[[Bamvangan Popular Renewal Organisation]]
|-
|colspan="5"|<small>Ibrahims vice-president Kabadi briefly served as interim president after Ibrahim fled the country. He handed power to a transitional council after the Patriotic Front entered D'Jombo.</small>
|-
|align="center" rowspan="2" style="background: #dddddd;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[File:NTC logo.png|100px]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|National Transitional Council
|align="center" style="background: #dddddd;"|{{color|white|'''-'''}}
|<small>6 February</small><br>2014
|<small>6 February</small><br>2014
|<small>17 October</small><br>2014
|<small>17 October</small><br>2014
|''Military president''
|''Interim government''
|[[Patriotic Front for the Liberation of Bamvango]]
|Various
|-
|-
|colspan="5"|<small>The rebel leader of the Patriotic Front Kuol Arop was pressured by his allies and foreign powers to oversee a transitional government and hold elections. He did so by October 2014 which saw his Patriotic Front enter a coalition with the victorious Democratic Rainbow Alliance of [[Anthony Benoudjita]].</small>
|colspan="5"|<small>Consisting of members of the Patriotic Front and government members cooperating with the PF the NTC oversaw the introduction of a new constitution and the holding of elections. It disbanded following the inauguration of president [[Anthony Benoudjita]].</small>
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan="3" style="background: #006600;"|{{color|white|'''8'''}}
|align="center" rowspan="3" style="background: #006600;"|{{color|white|'''8'''}}

Latest revision as of 02:15, 27 August 2021

President of the
Republic of Bamvango
Coat of Arms of Bamvango.png
Alassane Ouattara UNESCO 09-2011.jpg
Incumbent
Anthony Benoudjita
since 17 October 2014
StyleMr. President
His Excellency
TypeHead of state
Head of government
ResidencePresident's House, Jombo
AppointerParliamentary National Assembly of Bamvango
Term length5 years
renewable once
Formation2 December 1946 (inaugural)
17 October 2014 (current constitution)
First holderJohnathan A. Akech
DeputyVice President of Bamvango
SalaryBVS 500,000,000 (€209,812.156) annually
Websitewww.thepresidency.gov.bv

The President of the Republic of Bamvango is the head of state and government of Bamvango, making them the highest executive office-holder in the government of Bamvango. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the Bamvangan Armed Forces (BAF).

The president is elected by the Parliamentary Assembly where they must hold a majority of seats in order to govern. The president is entitled only to two five year terms under the current constitution passed in 2014 albeit under previous versions there were no term limits applied to the presidency. The current president is Anthony Benoudjita who was elected to the post in October 2014.

The position of head of state has been subject to frequent change due to the instability of Bamvango since independence with the country having suffered numerous coup d'état's and civil conflict. From 1962-64, 1987-91 and 2014 the position of president was superseded by interim military governments. From 1977 to 1987 the position of president was abolished in favour a military dictatorship led by the Supreme Commander of the Security Commission.

The president is required to be a member of the Parliamentary Assembly at the time of his election. Upon his election, he immediately resigns his seat for the duration of his term. The president may be removed either by a motion of no-confidence or an impeachment trial.

History

Appointment

Duties

Amenities

List

  • 1947-1977 - President of the Republic
  • 1977-1987 - Supreme Commander of the Security Commission
  • 1987-1991 - Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
  • 1991-2014 - President of the Republic
  • 2014 - National Transitional Council
  • 2014-present - President of the Republic
No Picture Name Term Tenure Presidential mandate Affiliation
1 Obote cropped.png Johnathan A. Akech
(1904-1962)
- 2 December
1946
11 March
1947
Interim president Bamvangan National Rally
1 11 March
1947
27 May
1950
1947
2 27 May
1950
14 May
1955
1950
3 14 May
1955
18 May
1960
1955
4 18 May
1960
7 August
1966
1960
The first president of Bamvango Akech led the colony to independence in 1946 with his Bamvangan National Rally (BNR) party gaining a majority in elections in 1947. Akech a committed socialist intended to modernise the colony garnering strong support from leftist student groups and trade unions, consolidating power following the 1950 snap elections. Akech subsequently led bold land reforms, socially progressive policies and policies intended to develop Bamvango through nationalisation and investment in industry. However he was frequently was accused of being authoritarian and concentrating power in his own Welke ethnic group, as well as being fiercely opposed by powerful landlords and cotton farmers'. In 1966 he was overthrown and killed in a coup d'état that was widely suspected as having been ordered by Estmere.
2 Joseph Kasa-Vubu in Israel.png Armel Yombandje
(1925-1971)
5 7 August
1966
22 May
1970
1966 Bamvangan National Rally
The vice-president to Akech, Yombanjie was brought to power by the military. He was seen as a puppet to Joshua Ngakoutou who held real power in the Security Commission. Yombandje was considered the more pro-Estmerish of the two but in 1970 resigned after opposing Ngakoutou's consolidation of power.
3 Joshua Ngakoutou.png Brig. General
Joshua Ngakoutou
(1932-)
- 22 May
1970
16 November
1972
Interim president Military

Bamvangan National Rally-Bahian Union
6 16 November
1972
3 March
1977
1972
Initially Ngakoutou came to power under the strong guidance of Estmere, reversing some of Akech's policies and instituting a more economically liberal course. Ngakoutou nevertheless attempted to ensure a convergence of military and reformist elements within his government and so balanced a pro-Estmerish foreign policy with populist measures. He sought to emphasise Pan-Bahianism as his principal political objective attempting to create a confederation with The Magadi. Ngakoutou also formed a single party state under a reformed Bamvangan National Rally, renamed the Bamvangan National Rally-Bahian Union (BNR-BU) replacing the CEC but this alienated him from his military allies. After facing a wave of unrest Ngakoutou was ousted whilst on a diplomatic visit to Cassier by the chief of staff Kashim Shehu.
4 Kashim Shehu.png Mj. General
Kashim Shehu
(1935-1985)
- 3 March
1977
17 July
1985
Military president Military
Ousting Ngakoutou in a coup d'état Shehu held a referendum that allowed him to suspend the constitution and rule by decree. Shehu would subsequently run one of the most brutal governments in Bahia torturing his opponents with meathooks and crafting an elaborate and increasingly bizarre cult of personality. Shehu's economic mismanagement and corruption in the wake of the 1980 worldwide recession led to his support to dissipate leading to Shehu to increasingly favour his own Kamba ethnic group. This triggered the Bamvangan Bush War during which Shehu was accused of promoting genocide. He was killed in the Estmerish Operation Fair Game in 1985.
5 David Oumarou.jpg Brig. General
David Oumarou
(1926-1992)
- 17 July
1985
4 April
1987
Military president Military
An army chief who had served under Shehu Oumarou established a temporary junta following the fall of Shehu with Estmerish support. He was however unable to garner further support as government forces faced a rapid series of defeats to the Bamvangan People's Revolutionary Organisation and in 1987 fled the country after BPRO forces took the capital Jombo.
6 Idriss Déby at the White House in 2014.jpg Field marshal
Abdallah Ibrahim
(1948-)
- 4 April
1987
17 June
1991
Interim president Bamvangan People's Revolutionary Organisation

Bamvangan Popular Renewal Organisation
7 17 June
1991
14 June
1996
1991
8 14 June
1996
15 June
2001
1996
9 15 June
2001
20 June
2006
2001
10 20 June
2006
18 June
2011
2006
11 18 June
2011
5 February
2014
2011
Seizing power as head of the Bamvangan People's Revolutionary Organisation in 1987, Ibrahim concluded the Bush War in 1989 and secured a power-sharing deal as a result, leading the now-renamed Bamvangan Popular Renewal Organisation to electoral victory in 1991. In his first and second terms Ibrahim rebuilt the country after the damage of the Shehu regime and civil war but his push for a third term in 2001 led to repression and a return to authoritarian politics and ethnic favouritism. The economy had already begun to decline in the mid 1990's and further stagnated during the 2000's despite increased oil and mineral extraction. In 2010 the Patriotic Front for the Liberation of Bamvango began an insurgency due to Ibrahim's ethnic policies and in 2014 foreign powers withdrew support for his regime, causing his government to collapse and Ibrahim to flee the country.
7 Lassina Zerbo at the 10th Article XIV Conference at the UN - 2017 (36537912733) (cropped).jpg Lawrence Kabadi - 6 February
2014
3 March
2014
Interim government Bamvangan Popular Renewal Organisation
Ibrahims vice-president Kabadi briefly served as interim president after Ibrahim fled the country. He handed power to a transitional council after the Patriotic Front entered D'Jombo.
- NTC logo.png National Transitional Council - 6 February
2014
17 October
2014
Interim government Various
Consisting of members of the Patriotic Front and government members cooperating with the PF the NTC oversaw the introduction of a new constitution and the holding of elections. It disbanded following the inauguration of president Anthony Benoudjita.
8 Alassane Ouattara UNESCO 09-2011.jpg Anthony Benoudjita
(1945-)
12 17 October
2014
19 October
2019
2014 Union of Progress and Democracy
Democratic Rainbow Alliance
13 19 October
2019
Incumbent 2019
Elected as part of the Democratic Rainbow Alliance, a coalition of parties opposed to the former Ibrahim regime including Benoudjita's own UPD, Benoudjita has focused on ending insurgent violence in the country and restarting economic development that has been damaged due to the insurgency. In 2017 his vice-president and leader of the Patriotic Front Kuol Arop left the government to take up arms again escalating the insurgency. Benoudjita and the DRA were re-elected in 2019 against a weak opposition.