Samyr language

Samyr
Самӗрҫӗ, Самӗр тӗл
Pronunciation	[ˈsamɪ̈ɾɕ̬ɘ], [ˈsamɘɾ ˈt̬ɪ̈l]
Native to	Qazhshava
Region	Southern Thuadia
Ethnicity	Samyr
Native speakers	56,047,000 (2010)
Language family	Samyr
Writing system	Cyrillic, Latin
Official status
Official language in	Qazhshava
Recognised minority language in	Riamo City of Nashe
Language codes
ISO 639-1	sm
ISO 639-2	smr
ISO 639-3	smr

Samyr ([ˈsɑːmɪəɹ, -ˈsæ], Samyr: Самӗрҫӗ Samĕrśĕ [ˈsamɪ̈ɾɕ̬ɘ], Самӗр тӗл Samĕr tĕl [ˈsamɘɾ ˈt̬ɪ̈l]) is a language spoken in southern Thuadia. It is the official language in Qazhshava, and one of the official languages in the Sekidean Union. It is spoken by approximately 56 million native speakers in Qazhshava, as well as in Kentalis, Krenya (sometimes reffered to as Kankadian), Zhousheng (as Tghok) and Riamo (in the Nashe region) and among the Samyr diaspora. It has four dialects groups: Northern, Central, Eastern and Western.

Classification

Samyr belongs to an isolate language family, which remains unclassified among others besides being part of the areal Paleo-Qazhshavan languages.

Orthography

Samyr is written mainly in the Cyrillic script, and in Latin among diaspora and Samyrs in other countries. The Samyr alphabet was based upon the varying cyrillic alphabets used by the slavic people of Qazhshava, the modern version of it was created in 1961 by Tamir Tyulov, a Qazhshavan linguist, and adopdet a year later in 1962.

А а	Ӑ ӑ	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ӗ ӗ
Ж ж	З з	И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м	Н н
О о	П п	Р р	С с	Ҫ ҫ	Т т	У у	Ў ў
Ф ф	Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ш ш	Ь ь	Ю ю	Я я

The modern romanization of the Samyr alphabet was created in the 1970's and adopted in areas like Kankadia, Krenya, and by the Tghoks in Zhousheng.

А а	Ă ă	B b	C c	Ć ć	D d	E e	Ĕ ĕ
F f	G g	H h	I i	J j	K k	L l	M m
N n	O o	P p	Q q	R r	S s	Ś ś	T t
U u	Ŭ ŭ	V v	W w	X x	Y y	Z z

Detailed table of the Samyr alphabet with each letter's phoneme:

Order	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32
Cyrillic upper case	А	Ӑ	Б	В	Г	Д	Е	Ӗ	Ж	З	И	Й	К	Л	М	Н	О	П	Р	С	Ҫ	Т	У	Ў	Ф	Х	Ц	Ч	Ш	Ь	Ю	Я
Cyrillic lower case	а	ӑ	б	в	г	д	е	ӗ	ж	з	и	й	к	л	м	н	о	п	р	с	ҫ	т	у	ў	ф	х	ц	ч	ш	ь	ю	я
Latin upper case	A	Ă	B	V	G	D	E	Ĕ	Ž	Z	I	Y	K	L	M	N	O	P	R	S	Ś	T	U	Ŭ, W	F	H	C	Ć	Š	Y	Yu	Ya
Latin lower case	a	ă	b	v	g	d	e	ĕ	ž	z	i	y	k	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	ś	t	u	ŭ, w	f	h	c	ć	š	y	yu	ya
IPA sound	a	ɤ̈	b	ʋ	ɡ	d	ʲe	ɪ̈	ʑ	z	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p	ɾ	s	ɕ	t	u	ʊ	ʋ̥	x	ts	t͡ɕ	ɕ	◌ʲ	ju	ja

In the Tghok and dialects use variants of the latin Samyr alphabet, and include extra letters, but may lack other, like in the case of Tghok, it lacks "short/weak" vowels due to the dialectal sound changed, and in some cases lack there of:

Standart Samyr		Pesteni Samyr		Tghok Samyr
letter	IPA	letter	IPA	letter	IPA
Ś ś Ҫ ҫ	ɕ	Š š Ш ш	ʃ	H́ h́	ç
Ć ć Ч ч	t͡ɕ	Č č Ч ч	t͡ʃ	C c	t͡s
Ă ă	ɤ̈	Ă ă	ɐ	Ə ə	ə
Ŭ ŭ Ў ў	ʊ
Ĕ ĕ	ɪ̈	Ĕ ĕ	æ
Y y Й й	j	J j	j	J j	ʝ

In the Tghok dialect letters for voiced sounds are also used, as they are phonemic.

Phonology

Vowels

Samyr has eight vowels.

According to Λubomєr Џretyȝa, a Bogmian linguist, the Samyr vowel system includes five normal vowels and 4 short counterparts to them, except /i/. And according to the Qazhshavan linguist Tamir Tyulov, it instead has three centralized vowels, which in some dialects get merged, modern linguists agree with Tylov's system when speaking about the langauge broadly, due to the varying quality of the vowels in the diferent dialects.

Λubomєr Џretyȝa
(1947)

	Front	back
Close	i	u, ŭ
Mid	ʲɛ, ĕ	ɔ
Open	a, ă

Tamir Tyulov
(1961)

	Front	Central	back
Close	i	ɪ̈, ʊ	u
Mid	ʲe	ɤ̈	o
Open		a

^1 palatalized when it's the first sound of a word, or it comes after a vowel or consonants with palatal equivalents.

In modern Samyr there are two types of vowel harmony, following if the previous vowel of the word is a front, back or round vowel.

	Vowels	Harmony
		type 1	type 2
Front	i, ʲe, ɪ̈	ɪ̈	i
Back	a, ɤ̈,	ɤ̈	a
Round	o, u, ʊ	ʊ	u

A - denotes type1 vowel harmony
А² - denotes type 2 vowel harmony, which is used in some affixes like the clitic genitive pronouns (possessives) and others.

Consonants

Samyr dosen't distinguish between voice in consonants, where voiced appear allophonically. The plosives, affricates and fricatives are voiceless and fortis but become lenis (sounding similar to voiced) in intervocalic position and after approximants, rhotics and semi-vowels, however, palatal (geminite) consonants do not undergo this lenition. Furthermore, the voiced consonants occurring in foreign loanwords stay lenis.

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal		Velar
Plosive/ Affricate	plain	p	t	t͡ɕ		k
	palatal	pʲ	tʲ			kʲ
Fricative			s	ɕ		x
Nasal		m	n	nʲ
Approximant		ʋ	l	lʲ	j
Rhotic			ɾ

Language Examples

Lord's prayer: (Pesteni Samyr is not represented due to there being very few diferences besides spelling compared to the standard language)

English		Standard Samyr			Tghok Samyr
		Cyrillic	Latin
Our Father in heaven,		Атама тӗнретӗ,	Atama tĕnretĕ,		Adama tənretə,
hallowed be your name.		сӗвеххӗ нӗрӗйин.	sĕvehhĕ nĕrĕyin.		səvehhə nərəjin.
Your kingdom come.		Килӗх ханарҫӑян.	Kilĕh hanarśăyan.		Kiləh hanarh́əjan.
Your will be done,		Такилин тӗх,	Takilin tĕh,		Tagilin tah,
on earth as it is in heaven.		кӑй тӗнретӗ, тӗй туртў.	kăi tĕnretĕ, tĕi turtŭ.		kəi tənretə, təi turdə.
Give us today our daily bread		Пӑкўн перимин кўнў пӗне	Păkŭn perimin kŭnŭ pĕnye.		Pəgən perimin kənə pənye.
and forgive us our debts,		я хокейим кетейимӗ,	ya hokyeyim kyetyeyimĕ,		ja hogyejim kyedyejimə,
as we forgive our debtors.		кӑй хокеме кетеримӗ.	kăi hokyeme kyetyerimĕ,		kəi hogyeme kyedyerimə,
And do not bring us into temptation,		Я килитрӗймӗм искусўчўть,	Ya kilitrĕhmĕm iskusŭćŭty,		Ja kilitrəhməm iskusəćəty,
but rescue us from the evil one.		а херӗймӗм которўр.	a hetĕhmĕm kotorŭr.		a hetəhməm kodorər.
Amen.		Амин.	Amin.		Amin.