Montsurian language: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name          = Montsurian language
| name          = Montsurian  
| nativename    = Lèng Montsurè
| nativename    = lèng solarè
| pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈləɲ mon(t)ˈsuɾə]}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈləɲ soːˈlaː.rˈə]}}
| states        = {{flag|Galenia}}
| states        = {{flag|Austeria}}
| region        = Montsuria<br>Tethia
| region        = [[File:Montsuria flag.png|23px]] [[Montsuria]]
| ethnicity    = [[Montsurian people|Montsurians]]
| ethnicity    = [[Montsurian people|Montsurians]]
| speakers      = ca. 3,770,990
| speakers      = ca. 3,770,990
Line 18: Line 18:
| script        = {{wpl|Latin alphabet|Solaric alphabet}}
| script        = {{wpl|Latin alphabet|Solaric alphabet}}
| nation        = [[Galenia]]
| nation        = [[Galenia]]
| agency        = Akademia d'a Lèng Montsurè (Montsurian Language Academy)
| agency        = Academia d'e Lèng Montsurè (Montsurian Language Academy)
}}
}}
'''Montsurian''' (<small>Montsurian:</small> ''lèng solarè'', <small>{{wp|Albanian language|Tethian}}:</small> ''malljug'' {{wp|Albanian language#phonology|[maˈɫug]}}) is a {{wpl|Romance languages|Modern Solaric}} language spoken officially in [[Austeria]], especially the of [[Montsuria]] regions. It is a recognized minority language in [[Etruria]], [[Emessa]], and [[Piraea]].


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Line 33: Line 35:
|-
|-
! {{wp|Nasal consonant|Nasal}}
! {{wp|Nasal consonant|Nasal}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|m}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Bilabial nasal|m}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|n}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Alveolar nasal|n}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|ɲ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Palatal nasal|ɲ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|ŋ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Velar nasal|ŋ}}
|-
|-
! {{wp|Plosive consonant|Plosive}}
! {{wp|Plosive consonant|Plosive}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|p}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|b}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless bilabial plosive|p}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced bilabial plosive|b}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|t}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|d}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless alveolar plosive|t}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced alveolar plosive|d}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|k}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|ɡ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless velar plosive|k}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced velar plosive|ɡ}}
|-
|-
! {{wp|Affricate consonant|Affricate}}
! {{wp|Affricate consonant|Affricate}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|t͡s}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|d͡z}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡z}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|t͡ɕ}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|d͡ʑ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|t͡ɕ}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|d͡ʑ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
Line 52: Line 54:
! {{wp|Sibilant Fricative consonant|Sibilant Fricative}}
! {{wp|Sibilant Fricative consonant|Sibilant Fricative}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |  || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |  || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|s}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|z}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless alveolar fricative|s}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced alveolar fricative|z}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
! {{wp|Non-sibilant Fricative consonant|Non-sib. Fricative}}
! {{wp|Non-sibilant Fricative consonant|Non-sib. Fricative}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|f}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|v}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless labiodental fricative|f}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced labiodental fricative|v}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless dental fricative|θ}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced dental fricative|ð}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{wp|Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ç}} || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʝ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
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| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|j}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Palatal approximant|j}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|ɰ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Voiced labial–velar approximant|w}}
|-
|-
! {{wp|Lateral consonant|Lateral}}
! {{wp|Lateral consonant|Lateral}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|l}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Alveolar lateral approximant|l}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |&nbsp; || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
Line 76: Line 78:
! {{wp|Trill consonant|Trill}}
! {{wp|Trill consonant|Trill}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|r}}
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |{{wp|Alveolar tap|r}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! {{wp|help:IPA|IPA}} !! Description !! Written as !! Estmerish approximation
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|m}} || {{wp|Bilabial nasal}} || m || '''m'''oon
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|n}} || {{wp|Alveolar nasal}} || n || '''n'''eat
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɲ}} || {{wp|Palatal nasal}} || nh || ~o'''ni'''on
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ŋ}} || {{wp|Velar nasal}} || ng, nk || ga'''ng'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|p}} || {{wp|Voiceless bilabial plosive}} || p || s'''p'''irit
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|b}} || {{wp|Voiced bilabial plosive}} || b || '''b'''oat
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t}} || {{wp|Voiceless alveolar plosive}} || t || s'''t'''ool
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|d}} || {{wp|Voiced alveolar plosive}} || d || '''d'''ense
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|k}} || {{wp|Voiceless velar plosive}} || c, ch, k || '''c'''ar
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɡ}} || {{wp|Voiced velar plosive}} || g, gh || '''g'''oal
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡s}} || {{wp|Voiceless alveolar affricate}} || c, tc || ca'''ts'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|d͡z}} || {{wp|Voiced alveolar affricate}} || dx || go'''ds'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|t͡ɕ}} || {{wp|Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate}} || ç || ~'''ch'''ew
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|d͡ʑ}} || {{wp|Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate}} || dxh || ~'''j'''ewel
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|f}} || {{wp|Voiceless labiodental fricative}} || f || '''f'''ur
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|v}} || {{wp|Voiced labiodental fricative}} || v || '''v'''ein
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|θ}} || {{wp|Voiceless dental fricative}} || z || '''th'''ick
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ð}} || {{wp|Voiced dental fricative}} || z || '''th'''at
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} || {{wp|Voiceless alveolar fricative}} || s || '''s'''oup
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|z}} || {{wp|Voiced alveolar fricative}} || x || '''z'''ebra
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɕ}} || {{wp|Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative}} || sh || {{wp|Serbo-Croatian phonology#Consonants|Novalian}} mi'''š''' će
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʒ}} || {{wp|Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative}} || g, xh || {{wp|Serbo-Croatian phonology#Consonants|Novalian}} pu'''ž''' će
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ɾ}} || {{wp|Alveolar tap}} || r || {{wp|Italian phonology|Poveglian}} '''r'''iesco
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|l}} || {{wp|Alveolar lateral approximant}} || l || '''l'''oan
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|w}} || {{wp|Voiced labial–velar approximant}} || u, o || '''w'''ar
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|j}} || {{wp|Palatal approximant}} || i || '''y'''ogurt
|}
|}


'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''
* The sounds ''k'' and ''g'' preceding frontal rising diphthongs, /ja/ and  /je/, are palatalized and sound like /ç/ and /ʝ/ respectively.
** In the Southwestern accent, the sounds of ''k'' as /ç/ and ''g'' as /ʝ/ before frontal rising diphthongs, /ja/ and  /je/, are allophone to /kx/ and /gɣ/, respectively.
* The sounds ''k'' and ''g'' located on the onset of unstressed syllables sound like /j/ and /ɰ/ respectively.
** In the Southwestern accent, the sounds of ''k'' as /j/ and ''g'' as /ɰ/ before on the onset of unstressed syllables are allophone to /x/ and /ɣ/, respectively.
* The letter ''q'' sounds like an aspired /g/ and appears only in {{wp|Arabic language|Rahelian}} and {{wp|Maltese language|Badaviu}} loan-words.
* When ''-nt'' is located in the coda of a syllable, the /t/ is an allophone of /d/ while the /d/ in ''-nd'' is muted.
* Both ''-nk'' and ''-ng'' are allophones of voiced velar nasal /ŋ/.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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{|
{|
|valign="top" width=20%|
|valign="top" width=20%|
*Hello - ''Çak''
*Hello - ''Çáo''
*Welcome - ''Mirvènut'', ''Bènvènut''
*Welcome - ''Mirvènut'', ''Bènvènut''
*Good morning - ''Mirdxhiè'', ''Bundxhie''
*Good morning - ''Mirdxhie'', ''Bundxhie''
*Good afternoon/evening - ''Mirbriem'', ''Bunbriem''  
*Good afternoon/evening - ''Mirbriem'', ''Bunbriem''  
*Good night- ''Mirènat'', ''Bunènat''  
*Good night- ''Mirènat'', ''Bunènat''  
Line 122: Line 173:
*Goodbye (informal) - ''Mirçin''
*Goodbye (informal) - ''Mirçin''
|valign="top" width=20%|
|valign="top" width=20%|
*How are you? (informal) - ''Kom sieni (tu)?''
*How are you? (informal) - ''Com sieni (tu)?''
*How are you? (formal) - ''Kom èshtes (vas)?''
*How are you? (formal) - ''Com èshtes (vas)?''
*What is your name? (informal) - ''Kom truiame (tu)?''  
*What is your name? (informal) - ''Com truiame (tu)?''  
*What is your name? (formal) - ''Kom èshtes (vas) nim?''
*What is your name? (formal) - ''Com èshtes (vas) nim?''
**My name is ... - ''Mir nim si...''
**My name is ... - ''Mir nim si...''
*Thank you (formal) - ''Iáo salut vas ènor''
*Thank you (formal) - ''Iáo salut vas ènor''
*Thank you (informal) - ''Salut vas''
*Thank you (informal) - ''Salut vas''
**You’re welcome - ''Pèlçim, Il pèlçim si mir''
**You’re welcome - ''Pèlçim, I pèlçim si mir''
|valign="top" width=20%|
|valign="top" width=20%|
*Yes - ''Po''
*Yes - ''Po''
*No - ''Njo''
*No - ''No''
*Who? - ''Kush?''
*Who? - ''Cush?''
*What? - ''Çè?''
*What? - ''Çè?''
*When? - ''Kund?''
*When? - ''Cund?''
*Where? - ''Und?''
*Where? - ''Und?''
*Why? - ''Pè kush?''
*Why? - ''Pè Cush?''
*How? - ''Kom?''
*How? - ''Com?''
*Which? - ''Káol?''
*Which? - ''Cáol?''
*How many? - ''Kènt sa?''
*How many? - ''Chènt sa?''
|}
|}


[[Category:Languages of Galenia]]
[[Category:Languages of Galenia]]

Latest revision as of 13:52, 13 November 2023

Montsurian
lèng solarè
Pronunciation[ˈləɲ soːˈlaː.rˈə]
Native to Austeria
RegionMontsuria flag.png Montsuria
EthnicityMontsurians
Native speakers
ca. 3,770,990 (2020)
Solaric alphabet
Official status
Official language in
Galenia
Regulated byAcademia d'e Lèng Montsurè (Montsurian Language Academy)
Language codes
ISO 639-1mt
ISO 639-2mts
ISO 639-3mts

Montsurian (Montsurian: lèng solarè, Tethian: malljug [maˈɫug]) is a Modern Solaric language spoken officially in Austeria, especially the of Montsuria regions. It is a recognized minority language in Etruria, Emessa, and Piraea.

Phonology

Consonants

Montsurian consonant phonemes
Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɲ   ŋ
Plosive p b t d k ɡ
Affricate t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ
Sibilant Fricative s z ɕ ʑ
Non-sib. Fricative f v θ ð
Approximant   j w
Lateral l  
Trill r
IPA Description Written as Estmerish approximation
m Bilabial nasal m moon
n Alveolar nasal n neat
ɲ Palatal nasal nh ~onion
ŋ Velar nasal ng, nk gang
p Voiceless bilabial plosive p spirit
b Voiced bilabial plosive b boat
t Voiceless alveolar plosive t stool
d Voiced alveolar plosive d dense
k Voiceless velar plosive c, ch, k car
ɡ Voiced velar plosive g, gh goal
t͡s Voiceless alveolar affricate c, tc cats
d͡z Voiced alveolar affricate dx gods
t͡ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate ç ~chew
d͡ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate dxh ~jewel
f Voiceless labiodental fricative f fur
v Voiced labiodental fricative v vein
θ Voiceless dental fricative z thick
ð Voiced dental fricative z that
s Voiceless alveolar fricative s soup
z Voiced alveolar fricative x zebra
ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative sh Novalian miš će
ʒ Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative g, xh Novalian puž će
ɾ Alveolar tap r Poveglian riesco
l Alveolar lateral approximant l loan
w Voiced labial–velar approximant u, o war
j Palatal approximant i yogurt

Notes:

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Middle ə
Open a ɒ

Vocabulary

Greetings

  • Hello - Çáo
  • Welcome - Mirvènut, Bènvènut
  • Good morning - Mirdxhie, Bundxhie
  • Good afternoon/evening - Mirbriem, Bunbriem
  • Good night- Mirènat, Bunènat
  • Goodbye (formal) - Adéox
  • Goodbye (informal) - Mirçin
  • How are you? (informal) - Com sieni (tu)?
  • How are you? (formal) - Com èshtes (vas)?
  • What is your name? (informal) - Com truiame (tu)?
  • What is your name? (formal) - Com èshtes (vas) nim?
    • My name is ... - Mir nim si...
  • Thank you (formal) - Iáo salut vas ènor
  • Thank you (informal) - Salut vas
    • You’re welcome - Pèlçim, I pèlçim si mir
  • Yes - Po
  • No - No
  • Who? - Cush?
  • What? - Çè?
  • When? - Cund?
  • Where? - Und?
  • Why? - Pè Cush?
  • How? - Com?
  • Which? - Cáol?
  • How many? - Chènt sa?
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