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| {{Infobox officeholder | | {{Infobox political post |
| |honorific-prefix = His Excellency | | |post = Prime Minister |
| |name = Samhuri Ngonidzashe | | |body = Surrow |
| |image = Léon_M'ba_1964.jpg | | |nativename = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}) |
| |imagesize = 250px | | |flag = Surrow_CoA.png |
| |caption = Samhuri Ngonidzashe in 1952 | | |flagsize = 150px |
| |office = [[President of Rwizikuru]] | | |flagborder = |
| |term_start = 2 July, 1946 | | |flagcaption = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]] |
| |term_end = 2 July, 1954 | | |department = |
| |vicepresident = [[Shungudzemwoyo Nhema]] (1946-1950)<br>[[Vudzijena Nhema]] (1950-1954) | | |image = TimHouston.png |
| |predecessor = [[Shungudzemwoyo Nhema]] as [[Premier of Riziland]]
| | |alt = |
| |successor = [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] | | |incumbent = [[Dwight Timbrell]] |
| |birthname = Daniel Samhuri Ngonidzashe | | |incumbentsince = 16 December, 2018 |
| |birth_date = {{circa|1899}} | | |style = {{wp|The Right Honourable}} |
| |birth_place = [[Vongai]], [[Rwizikuru|Riziland]] | | |residence = [[Government House, Holcot Inlet]], [[Holcot Inlet]], [[Surrow]] |
| |death_date = 2 July, 1961 (age 61-62)
| | |nominator = |
| |death_place = [[Port Fitzhubert]], [[Rwizikuru]]
| | |member_of = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] |
| |alma_mater = | | |appointer = [[Governor of Surrow|Governor]] |
| |nationality = [[Estmere|Estmerish]] (1899-1946)<br>[[Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran]] (1946-1961) | | |termlength = Up to four years |
| |profession = | | |termlength_qualified = No term limits |
| |party = [[Mubatanidzwa weRusununguko rweRwizikuru|Rwizikuran National Movement]] (1927-1946)<br>[[Mubatanidzwa weRusununguko rweRwizikuru]] (1946-1959)
| | |constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Surrow]] |
| |religion = {{wp|Methodism|High Estmerish}} | | |inaugural = [[Clarence Bradley]] |
| |spouse = [[Kugarakunzwana Ngonidzashe]] | | |formation = 1915 |
| |children = 9, including [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] | | |last = [[Ted Fisher]] |
| <!--Military service-->
| | |abolished = 24 June, 1950 |
| | nickname = | | |succession = [[President of Surrow]] |
| | allegiance = [[File:Rwizicolonialflaga.png|22px]] [[Rwizikuru|Riziland]] | | |deputy = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]] |
| | branch = Colonial Militia | | |salary = |
| | serviceyears = 1926-1930
| | |website = |
| | rank = Sergeant | |
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| | The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament. |
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| '''Samhuri Ngonidzashe''' (c. 1899 - 2 July, 1961) was an anti-colonial activist who organized the [[Mubatanidzwa weRusununguko rweRwizikuru|Rwizikuran National Movement]], which helped end [[Estmere|Estmerish]] rule over [[Rwizikuru]]. Following its independence in 1946, he was sworn as the first [[President of Rwizikuru]], as per the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|constitution of Rwizikuru]]. | | ==List== |
| | | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;" |
| (TBC)
| | |- |
| | | ! {{Abbr|№|Number}} |
| ==Early life== | | ! width=5%| Portrait |
| Samhuri Ngonidzashe was born sometime in 1899 in [[Vongai]] to [[Mutupo Ngonidzashe]], and Chivaraidzo Ngonidzashe, as the seventh child, and the second son.
| | ! width=10%| Name |
| | | ! Took office |
| In 1904, he entered the mission school in Vongai, where he was baptized as a {{wp|Methodism|High Estmerian}}, and took the name of Daniel. At the mission school, he was described as having "excellent potential" to be a High Estmerian minister, due to his "quick absorption and application" of the concepts he learned in school. He was seen as being incredibly learned by his teachers.
| | ! Left office |
| | | ! Days |
| While Samhuri Ngonidzashe wanted to continue his studies after he finished compulsory education in 1912, his family's poverty prevented him from continuing his studies. Thus, he was forced to work at his family's farm.
| | ! Election |
| | | ! width=10%| Political party |
| His fortunes started to change when in 1916, he made his first trip to [[Port Fitzhubert]] to find work. There, he found a job as a servant with a white family, and met [[Shungudzemwoyo Ngonidzashe]] there. At his job, he admitted that:
| | |- |
| | | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] |
| <blockquote>"''While the Fulkers [the family Samhuri and Shungudzemwoyo worked for] paid well, and the work itself was not stressful, the attitudes of the family towards us were counter to the values I had held so dearly: they saw us as lower than them because of our skin, while I believed that we are brothers in {{wp|Jesus Christ|Sotiras}}.''"</blockquote> | | |- |
| | | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| In 1918, after receiving news that he was to marry [[Kugarakunzwana Ngonidzashe|Kugarakunzwana Mbangwa]], he quit his job and returned to Vongai, where he married her. With his savings, he was able to find a "better life" in Vongai than that of his parents, with him getting a job as a {{wp|lay preacher}} at his old mission school.
| | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1 |
| | | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]] |
| However, in 1923, realizing that Gamuchirai would be entering school the following year, he realized that if he stayed in Vongai, his children would not receive an opportunity to better themselves. Thus, he and his wife moved back to Port Fitzhubert, and their home was sold to some white settlers.
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932) |
| | | |24 June, 1915 |
| With the proceeds of the sale of their home in Vongai, they were able to buy a "well-off" home close to the Euclean core of town, and had enough left over to get [[Gamuchirai Mumbengegwi|Gamuchirai]] and [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe|Izibongo]] to attend the [[Charles Fitzhubert School]], as well as find a new job as a lay preacher at a nearby church. He soon made contact again with Shungudzemwoyo Nhema, where he discovered that the Fulker's fired him in 1922 after having spoken up against the Fulker's increasing mistreatment of their Bahian servants.
| | |24 October, 1932 |
| | | |{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}} |
| He noted that the conversation with Nhema:
| | | [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]] |
| | | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| <blockquote>"''...caused my blood to boil in pure and unbridled anger. As we recounted our experiences of racism in our adulthood in Port Fitzhubert, compared to the values that we were taught, I realized that there is something wrong, something unnatural with [[Estmere|Estmerish]] rule over this land. I couldn't quite place what, but I knew it had to be there.''"</blockquote>
| | |- |
| | | | colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small> |
| Over the next few years, many at his church talked to him about the racism that they have faced by colonial officials and by Eucleans who have come to Riziland, and combined with his experiences in dealing with racism directed at him, he began to feel that Estmerish rule was inherently unjust.
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| | | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2 |
| ==Military service== | | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]] |
| By the time the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] begun in earnest in June 1926, despite his beliefs that Estmerish rule over [[Rwizikuru|Riziland]] was unjust, he enlisted in the colonial militia, saying that "it is better for us natives to deal with the devil we know as opposed to gamble with the devil we don't know."
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945) |
| | | |24 October, 1932 |
| After training, he was deployed in October to [[Port Graham]], where he would live for the next two years. In Port Graham, he was assigned to defend the city from Gaullican attack by both sea and land, as Port Graham was the end of the rail line to [[Port Fitzhubert]]. While Port Graham was subject to several bombardments by the Gaullicans during his time in Port Graham, from both sea and air, he never faced a serious attempt by the Gaullicans or their colonial troops in [[Quigomba]] to attack Port Graham. By 1928, he had risen to the rank of Sergeant.
| | |27 September, 1934 |
| | | |{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}} |
| Around that time, he began corresponding with [[Shungudzemwoyo Nhema]], where he outlined plans to establish a political movement to "develop the idea of Rwizikuru in the post-war climate." When Nhema expressed his concerns about the proposal, and that Samhuri was putting "everything in jeopardy," Samhuri Ngonidzashe replied:
| | | ''none'' |
| | | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| <blockquote>"''My friend, it is better for us to plant the seeds of Rwizikuru, than to let the Gaullicans do so, for if they do, we can never be free. If we plant the seeds of Rwizikuru, then we will be able to control how it will grow, to lead it on the right path, and to keep it from going astray''."</blockquote>
| | |- |
| | | | colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small> |
| Thus, while on leave in November 1927, Samhuri and Nhema established the [[Mubatanidzwa weRusununguko rweRwizikuru|Rwizikuran National Movement]] in [[Port Fitzhubert]], with its stated mission to be "organizing every Rwizikuran man, woman, and child to defend our land from the threat of our foes."
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| | | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3 |
| The establishment of the movement gained waves, and by the time he returned to Port Graham, Samhuri was sent to a military prison, before attending a {{wp|court-martial}} in January 1928, where he was charged with {{wp|conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline}} for creating an organization whose aim was to end colonial rule in Riziland.
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]] |
| | | |rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966) |
| Samhuri defended himself, saying that "it is not a conspiracy for us to create an organization, whose aim is to defend our land from the foes that we are facing. We want to ensure that [[Gaullica]] does not occupy Riziland, and the best way was to create an organization to encourage every man, woman, and child to defend Riziland from Gaullican forces."
| | |27 September, 1934 |
| | | |24 June, 1935 |
| The military presented evidence that he was intending to overthrow the government, with the correspondence between Ngonidzashe and Nhema being submitted as evidence, which they said was evidence of conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline, as they were discussing establishing an organization to end colonial rule after the "present hostilities" were concluded.
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}} |
| | | | ''none'' |
| After several rounds of examination and cross-examination, the court-martial found Samhuri Ngonidzashe guilty of conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline. Thus, he was sentenced to two years imprisonment on 5 February, 1928, followed by dismissal from His Majesty's service, with disgrace.
| | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| | | |- |
| Thus, he was taken back to Port Fitzhubert to serve the sentence in the local military prison. While in prison, Samhuri Ngonidzashe received visits with Shungudzemwoyo Nhema, and his family, where they would discuss the progress of the movement.
| | | colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small> |
| | | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| ==Release and early political career==
| | ! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4 |
| On 5 February, 1930, he was released from prison, and was {{wp|dishonorable discharge|dismissed with disgrace}} from the colonial militia. Upon his return to civilian life, he decided to dedicate himself full time towards the [[Mubatanidzwa weRusununguko rweRwizikuru|Rwizikuran National Movement]].
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]] |
| | | |rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991) |
| His primary goal at this stage was to encourage "all Rwizikuran men" to enlist in the colonial militia, as at that point in time, there was a standstill between the Gaullican and Estmerish colonial troops. He said that "if all Rwizikuran men enlist in the militia, we will not only overwhelm the Gaullican, but we will become a force to be reckoned with, and the Estmerian will be forced to abandon their racist ways."
| | |24 June, 1935 |
| | | |24 June, 1950 |
| As he travelled across the country, delivering speeches to villages to encourage men to enlist, the colonial officials began to be concerned about his activities, as they felt that he might attempt to undermine the colonial system. Thus, in 1932, during a rally in [[Munzwa]], Samhuri Ngonidzashe and [[Shungudzemwoyo Nhema]] were arrested by local police for {{wp|sedition}}. They were tried later that year, where they were found guilty, and sentenced to five years of hard labour in [[Rusere]].
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1950|06|24}} |
| | | | [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1954|1954]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]] |
| After the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] concluded in 1935... (TBC)
| | | style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]] |
| | | |- |
| ==Personal life== | | | colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small> |
| Samhuri Ngonidzashe married the 18-year old [[Kugarakunzwana Ngonidzashe]] in 1918 in a marriage arranged by their parents. According to Samhuri, their marriage was "fruitful and happy," with the marriage lasting until his death in 1961. Kugarakunzwana Ngonidzashe died in 2014 at the age of 113: at the time of her death, she was the oldest person living in [[Rwizikuru]]
| | |} |
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| Together, they had four sons: [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], who was born in 1921 and died in 1979, [[Ingwe Ngonidzashe]], who was born in 1925 and is still living, [[Fred Ngonidzashe]], who was born in 1928, and was executed in 1981 for an [[Port Fitzhubert putsch, 1981|attempted coup]] against the [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|monarchy]], and [[Shungudzemwoyo Ngonidzashe]], who was born in 1932.
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| They also had five daughters: [[Gamuchirai Mumbengegwi]], who was born in 1919, and died in 2015 at the age of 91, Tariro Ngonidzashe, who was born in 1923, and died in 1927 from {{wp|smallpox}}, Vimbainashe Ngonidzashe, who was born in 1926, and died in 2016 at the age of 89, and twin sisters [[Tinotendaisheanesu Chimusasa]] and [[Yemurai Kyagumbo]], who were born in 1931.
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| Samhuri Ngonidzashe was a devout {{wp|Methodist|High Estmerian}}, with his noted propensity for {{wp|plain dress}}, fasting on Sundays, and was a {{wp|teetotaler}}, refusing to drink any alcohol, and his strict adherence to the High Estmerian concept of {{wp|outward holiness}}. He was also noted to be a {{wp|lay preacher}}, often preaching at churches, even during his tenure as [[President of Rwizikuru|President]].
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• Prime Minister of Surrow • 
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