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The '''Constitution of Rwizikuru, 2020''' ({{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}}: ''Bumbiro reRwizikuru'') is the governing document of the [[Rwizikuru|Kingdom of Rwizikuru]].  
{{Infobox political post
|post            = Prime Minister
|body            = Surrow
|nativename      = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}})
|flag            = Surrow_CoA.png
|flagsize        = 150px
|flagborder      =
|flagcaption    = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]]
|department      =
|image          = TimHouston.png
|alt            =
|incumbent      = [[Dwight Timbrell]]
|incumbentsince  = 16 December, 2018
|style          = {{wp|The Right Honourable}}
|residence      = [[Government House, Holcot Inlet]], [[Holcot Inlet]], [[Surrow]]
|nominator      = 
|member_of      = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]]
|appointer      = [[Governor of Surrow|Governor]]
|termlength      = Up to four years
|termlength_qualified = No term limits
|constituting_instrument  = [[Constitution of Surrow]]
|inaugural      = [[Clarence Bradley]]
|formation      = 1915
|last            = [[Ted Fisher]]
|abolished      = 24 June, 1950
|succession      = [[President of Surrow]]
|deputy          = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]]
|salary          =
|website        =
}}
The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament.


It was first announced by [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]] on 2 August, 2019, as part of a deal with the [[Global Institute of Fiscal Affairs]], in which Rwizikuru would receive [[Euclo|€]]100,000,000, which also included {{wp|structural adjustment}}: as the terms included removing the [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran monarch]]'s financial powers, a constitution was seen as necessary to replace the ''[[Basic Law of Rwizikuru]]''. On 1 October, 2019, after preparations, and [[Rwizikuran constitutional assembly elections, 2019|electing]] twelve of the twenty-seven members of the constitutional assembly, new monarch [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]] formally began the proceedings.
==List==
 
{| class="wikitable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
(TBC)
|-
 
! {{Abbr|№|Number}}
==Text==
! width=5%| Portrait
===Preamble===
! width=10%| Name
:''Since the implementation of the [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran Basic Law]] in 1964, our loyal subjects have been denied the right to have a meaningful voice in the affairs affecting the Rwizikuran nation''
! Took office
:''Over the past few decades, it has become abundantly clear that Rwizikurans are no longer content with the {{wp|absolute monarchy}} currently in place''
! Left office
:''With the Rwizikurans now in a better position than under [[Samhuri Ngonidzashe|the Father of the Nation]] and [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe|Izibongo the Great]]'s rule, it is clear that the Rwizikurans have now achieved the capacity to govern themselves''
! Days
:''Therefore, we promulgate this constitution, to balance the interests of our loyal subjects, and the traditional systems that we have in place''
! Election
 
! width=10%| Political party
===Chapter 1: Governance===
|-
====Article 1: Executive====
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]]
*'''§1''' The [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran monarchy]] shall remain in place, but shall only exercise the powers of a {{wp|head of state}}
|-
**'''§1a''' He must approve all bills: if he vetoes the bill, the [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]] may override the veto with a 50% vote
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
***'''''i)''''' The Mambo of Rwizikuru cannot veto any money bills
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1
**'''§1b''' The Mambo of Rwizikuru cannot issue any decrees that affect day-to-day operations of the Rwizikuran government, excluding those concerning the [[House of Ngonidzashe]] and the [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru#Line of succession|line of succession]] to the Rwizikuran throne
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]]
**'''§1c''' The Mambo of Rwizikuru still has the power to pardon any criminal, excluding those convicted of heinous crimes, or of {{wp|corruption}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932)
*'''§2''' The {{wp|head of government}} shall be the [[Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru|Mutungamiri]], who shall be a member of the National Assembly, selected from amongst the members, and elected with a simple majority of the vote
|24 June, 1915
**'''§2a''' The cabinet shall also be selected from amongst the members of the National Assembly, and elected with a simple majority of the vote
|24 October, 1932
*'''§3''' The monarch can only act with the approval of the Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru
|{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}}
 
| [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]]
====Article 2: Legislature====
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
*'''§1''' The legislature of the Kingdom of Rwizikuru shall be the [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]]
|-
**'''§1a''' The National Assembly shall comprise of one hundred (100) members, with distributions subject to change at the end of each decennial census
| colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small>
***'''''i)''''' All districts must have a minimum of one member of the national assembly
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
***'''''ii)''''' The first elections to the National Assembly shall be distributed in the manner listed in the [[#Article 1: Seat distribution|first additional article]]
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2
**'''§1b''' All members of the National Assembly must be {{wp|independent politicians|independent}} in accordance of the traditional virtues of {{wp|Consensus government|consensus government}}
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]]
***'''''i)''''' {{wp|Political parties}} may exist, and candidates can be affiliated with them, but all political party members must renounce their membership before being sworn into the National Assembly
|rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945)
***'''''ii)''''' Persons convicted of {{wp|corruption}}, or those with charges awaiting trial cannot run for office under any circumstances
|24 October, 1932
**'''§1c''' The National Assembly has a maximum term of every four (4) years, and is elected by all citizens over the age of eighteen (18) years of age
|27 September, 1934
***'''''i)''''' Elections may be held earlier if the government loses confidence, and the National Assembly cannot select a replacement from among themselves for the [[Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru|Mutungamiri]] and/or his cabinet after a fortnight, ''or'' if the National Assembly is unable to elect a Mutungamiri after the first elections after two (2) months
|{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}}
*'''§2''' The National Assembly is empowered to pass any legislation on any topic, so long as it does not conflict with the constitution
| ''none''
*'''§3''' The National Assembly must meet at least once every twelve (12) months
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
 
|-
====Article 3: Judiciary====
| colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small>
*'''§1''' The justice system of the Kingdom of Rwizikuru shall be based off the {{wp|common law}}
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
**'''§1a''' All laws currently in effect that are not in conflict with this constitution shall continue to apply until otherwise repealed or contradicted by newer legislation
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3
*'''§2''' Organizes the judicial system of the Kingdom in a manner similar to the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|republican constitution]]: to this end,
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]]
**'''§2a''' {{wp|Magistrates' courts}}, empowered to hear cases involving {{wp|summary offences}}, or any instance of juvenile delinquency
|rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966)
**'''§2b''' {{wp|County Court (England and Wales)|District courts}}, empowered to hear cases involving civil and family law
|27 September, 1934
**'''§2c''' {{wp|Assizes|Courts of the Assizes}}, empowered to hear cases involving {{wp|indictable offences}}, and appeals from both the magistrates' courts and the district courts
|24 June, 1935
**'''§2d''' {{wp|High Court of Justice|High Court}}, empowered to hear appeals from the Assizes
|{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}}
**'''§2e''' {{wp|Military courts}}, empowered to hear cases committed in the [[Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces|armed forces]], regardless of whether it is a summary or indictable offence
| ''none''
**'''§2f''' {{wp|Administrative courts}}, empowered to hear any case involving administration law
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
**'''§2g''' {{wp|Court of Appeals}}, empowered to hear appeals from all lower courts
|-
**'''§2h''' [[Supreme Court of Rwizikuru]], the {{wp|court of last resort}}, and hearing appeals from the Court of Appeals
| colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small>
***'''''i)''''' The Supreme Court shall comprise of nine members, appointed by the [[President of Rwizikuru|President]] on the advice of his cabinet, and approved by the [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]] with a three-fifths (3/5ths) majority
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
***'''''ii)''''' The Supreme Court shall be empowered to conduct {{wp|judicial review}} in the event it is unclear that the law conflicts with the constitution
! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4
 
|rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]]
====Article 4: Administrative divisions====
|rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991)
*'''§1''' The Kingdom of Rwizikuru is divided into twelve (12) [[Rwizikuru#Districts|matunhu]], with the borders existing as they do today
|24 June, 1935
**'''§1a''' In alphabetical order, their names are [[Chekumabvazuva (district)|Chekumabvazuva]], [[Dzakakwirira]], [[Gutaguru]], [[Hunidzakafa]], [[Mumbengegwi]], [[Ndarira]], [[Nyikaitsva]], [[Parunoguma]], [[Sangoguru kuchamhembe]], [[Sangoguru kumaodzanyemba]], [[Tsungirirai]], and [[Zvakawanda]]
|24 June, 1950
*'''§2''' Each mukuru overseeing a district shall be appointed by the monarch, after consultation with the [[Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru|Mutungamiri]] and his cabinet, to serve at {{wp|His Majesty's pleasure}}
|{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1950|06|24}}
**'''§2a''' The [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]] may veto the candidate chosen by the government with a simple majority
| [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1954|1954]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]]
*'''§3''' The matunhu shall receive any and all powers delegated to them by the National Assembly, although the judiciary may revoke these powers if these powers get abused
| style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]]
 
|-
===Chapter 2: Rights and freedoms===
| colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small>
====Article 1: Language====
|}
*'''§1''' The official language of the Kingdom of Rwizikuru is the {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi language}}, by virtue of it being the native language of the Rwizikuran nation
*'''§2''' Declares {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}, {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}, {{wp|Marathi language|Marathi}}, and [[Wopoto language|Wopoto]] to be recognized as minority languages, by virtue of these languages being spoken by significant minority populations
*'''§3''' All Rwizikurans have the right to receive governmental services and be educated in weRwizi nationwide, to enable the development of an equal society
**'''§3a''' If more than 5% of a population of a given area speaks a given minority language, governmental services and education should be provided in the minority language
 
====Article 2: Religion====
*'''§1''' The Kingdom of Rwizikuru, having learned from the mistakes made in the rule of [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], declare that Rwizikuru is to be a secular state, with no involvement in religious affairs
*'''§2''' To this end, all people in the Kingdom of Rwizikuru shall have the right to practice their religion freely, so long as their practices do not violate another person's dignity and basic human rights
 
====Article 3: Democratic rights====
*'''§1''' All citizens who are over the age of eighteen (18) years have the right to vote and run for public office, unless convicted of {{wp|treason}}, {{wp|sedition}}, or {{wp|corruption (politics)|corruption}}, or awaiting trial for a corruption case
*'''§2''' All citizens have the right to be informed of the government's day-to-day operations, and to respond and comment on these issues
**'''§2a''' The government may be allowed to refuse to disclose information that could threaten the nation's security, so long as said information is relevant and current
 
==Amendments==
===Additional articles===
====Article 1: Seat distribution====
The following [[Rwizikuru#Districts|districts]] shall receive the following seats for the first elections to the reconstituted [[National Assembly (Rwizikuru)|National Assembly]], as well as any further national election taking place prior to the 2021 census:
 
*[[Parunoguma]] shall receive twenty-nine (29) seats
*[[Chekumabvazuva (district)|Chekumabvazuva]] shall receive nineteen (19) seats
*[[Dzakakwirira]] shall receive fifteen (15) seats
*[[Zvakawanda]] shall receive twelve (12) seats
*[[Ndarira]] shall receive ten (10) seats
*[[Sangoguru kumaodzanyemba|Sangoguru M.]] shall receive five (5) seats
*[[Hunidzakafa]] shall receive four (4) seats
*[[Tsungirirai]] shall receive two (2) seats
*[[Mumbengegwi]] shall receive one (1) seat
*[[Sangoguru kuchamhembe|Sangoguru C.]] shall receive one (1) seat
*[[Nyikaitsva]] shall receive one (1) seat
*[[Gutaguru]] shall receive one (1) seat

Latest revision as of 20:03, 18 March 2024

Prime Minister of Surrow
Surrow CoA.png
Coat of arms of Surrow
TimHouston.png
Incumbent
Dwight Timbrell
since 16 December, 2018
StyleThe Right Honourable
Member ofParliament
ResidenceGovernment House, Holcot Inlet, Holcot Inlet, Surrow
AppointerGovernor
Term lengthUp to four years
No term limits
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Surrow
Inaugural holderClarence Bradley
Formation1915
Final holderTed Fisher
Abolished24 June, 1950
SuccessionPresident of Surrow
DeputyDeputy Prime Minister of Surrow

The Prime Minister of Surrow was the head of government of Surrow from when it was granted full self-government by Rythene in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the Surrowese Parliament, or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament.

List

№ Portrait Name Took office Left office Days Election Political party
1915-1950
Surrow Flag.png • Prime Minister of Surrow • Surrow Flag.png
1 Sir Edward Morris - Bain Collection crop.jpg Clarence Bradley
(1856-1932) 		24 June, 1915 24 October, 1932 17 years and 4 months 1915
1919
1923
1927
1931 		FPU
Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority FPU governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on Holcot Island. Died in office.
2 Richard Squires.jpg Eddie Hammond
(1884-1945) 		24 October, 1932 27 September, 1934 1 year, 11 months and 3 days none FPU
Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to Ted Fisher and many on the party to create the United People's Party in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.
3 Lord Macdonald.jpg Gilbert Bray
(1888-1966) 		27 September, 1934 24 June, 1935 8 months and 28 days none FPU
Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the United People's Party with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.
4 BradleyKingSmallwood1948 (cropped).jpg Ted Fisher
(1900-1991) 		24 June, 1935 24 June, 1950 15 years 1935
1954
1939
1943
1947 		United People's
Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in outports, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the Surrow International Airport during the Second Great War, and negotiated independence from Rythene in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first President of Surrow in 1950.
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