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| {{Infobox former country | | {{Infobox political post |
| |native_name = {{collapsible list | | |post = Prime Minister |
| |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;
| | |body = Surrow |
| |title = 4 other official names
| | |nativename = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}}) |
| | {{Infobox|subbox=yes|bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;
| | |flag = Surrow_CoA.png |
| | rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = {{wp|Zulu language|isiBanu}}:
| | |flagsize = 150px |
| | data1 = ''iRiphabhuliki Izimo umBahia''
| | |flagborder = |
| | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = {{wp|Coptic language|Beheiran}}:
| | |flagcaption = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]] |
| | data2 = ''TBD''
| | |department = |
| | rowclass3 = mergedrow | label3 = {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}}:
| | |image = TimHouston.png |
| | data3 = ''Nyika yeKumusha''
| | |alt = |
| | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}:
| | |incumbent = [[Dwight Timbrell]] |
| | data4 = ''République baïenne unie''
| | |incumbentsince = 16 December, 2018 |
| }}}}
| | |style = {{wp|The Right Honourable}} |
| |conventional_long_name = United Bahian Republic
| | |residence = [[Government House, Holcot Inlet]], [[Holcot Inlet]], [[Surrow]] |
| |common_name = United Bahian Republic
| | |nominator = |
| |era = [[Great Game]]
| | |member_of = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]] |
| |status = {{wp|Political union}} | | |appointer = [[Governor of Surrow|Governor]] |
| |empire =
| | |termlength = Up to four years |
| |event_start = Created | | |termlength_qualified = No term limits |
| |date_start = 1 May
| | |constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Surrow]] |
| |year_start = 1954
| | |inaugural = [[Clarence Bradley]] |
| |event_end = Dissolved
| | |formation = 1915 |
| |date_end = 22 January
| | |last = [[Ted Fisher]] |
| |year_end = 1965
| | |abolished = 24 June, 1950 |
| |p1 = Djedet
| | |succession = [[President of Surrow]] |
| |flag_p1 = DjedetFlag1944-1956.png
| | |deputy = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]] |
| |p2 = Rwizikuru
| | |salary = |
| |flag_p2 = RwizikuruFlag.PNG
| | |website = |
| |p3 = Tabora
| |
| |flag_p3 = Tabold.png
| |
| |s1 = Djedet
| |
| |flag_s1 = DjedetFlag.png
| |
| |s2 = Rwizikuru
| |
| |flag_s2 = UBRflag.png
| |
| |s3 = Tabora | |
| |flag_s3 = Tabold.png
| |
| |image_flag = UBRflag.png
| |
| |image_coat = UBRemblem.png | |
| |national_anthem= [[Lève-toi, ô Baïen!]]<br><small>Arise, O Bahian!</small><br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=http://www.nationalanthems.info/bj.mp3]]
| |
| |capital = [[Mina]] (1954-1965)<br>[[Port Fitzhubert]] (1954-1965)<br>[[Ntendeka]] (1954-1965) | |
| |common_languages = {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}}, {{wp|Xhosa language|Sisulu}}, {{wp|Chewa language|Njinji}}, {{wp|Zulu language|Banu}}, {{wp|Tswana language|Maswana}}, {{wp|Coptic|Beheiran}}, {{wp|Nobiin|Makai}}, {{wp|Arabic|Badawiyan}}, {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}, {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}
| |
| |religion = {{wp|Christianity|Sotirianity}}<br>[[Irfan]] | |
| |demonym = Bahian | |
| |currency = [[Rwizikuran nhovodiki]]<br>[[Taborian denier]]<br>[[Djedi dirham]]
| |
| |leader1 = [[Samhuri Ngonidzashe]] | |
| |leader2 = [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] | |
| |leader3 = [[Thamsanqa Nzimande]] | |
| |leader4 = [[Tawadros Abdelmesseh]] | |
| |year_leader1 = 1954 | |
| |year_leader2 = 1954{{ndash}}1965 | |
| |year_leader3 = 1954{{ndash}}1956 | |
| |year_leader4 = 1954{{ndash}}1965 | |
| |title_leader = Presidents | |
| |stat_year1 = 1954 | |
| |stat_area1 = 1874449.92 | |
| |stat_year2 = 1961 | |
| |stat_pop2 = TBD | |
| |stat_year3 = 1965
| |
| |stat_area3 = 1467146.24 | |
| |today = {{flag|Djedet}}<br>{{flag|Garambura}}<br>{{flag|Rwizikuru}}<br>{{flag|Mabifia}}<br>{{flag|Tabora}} | |
| }} | | }} |
| The '''United Bahian Republic''' was a {{wp|confederation}} in [[Bahia]] which existed from 1954 to 1965. Comprised of the entirety of present-day [[Garambura]], [[Rwizikuru]], [[Tabora]], and [[Djedet]] as well as parts of present-day [[Mabifia]], it was intended as a political union between Rwizikuru, Tabora, and Djedet with the intention of inviting other Bahian states to join. | | The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament. |
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| While it was initially a success, as the institutions of the United Bahian Republic were established, which helped increased cooperation between its member states, the United Bahian Republic was beset with a number of issues, namely foreign policy and whether member states have a right to express their own foreign policy independent of the United Bahian Republic, and what were the official languages of the United Bahian Republic. In addition, its lack of geographic contiguity also proved to be a problem, as Djedet was an exclave of the United Bahian Republic for the entire existence of the United Bahian Republic.
| | ==List== |
| | | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;" |
| These issues only intensified as Rwizikuru renounced its socialist policies, albeit maintaining anti-imperialist policies, which exacerbated the aforementioned issues, all while Rwizikuru sought to further centralise the United Bahian Republic, while Djedet and Tabora opposed centralisation. After [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] crowned himself [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|King]] in December 1964, both Djedet and Tabora withdrew from the United Bahian Republic the following month, effectively dissolving the organisation, as only Rwizikuru remained a member of the United Bahian Republic.
| | |- |
| | | ! {{Abbr|№|Number}} |
| ==History== | | ! width=5%| Portrait |
| ===Formation=== | | ! width=10%| Name |
| [[File:UBRdeleg54.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Delegation of the United Bahian Republic at the [[Games of the Red Star]], 1954]]
| | ! Took office |
| While the intellectual origins of the United Bahian Republic were based in [[Pan-Bahianism]], the catalyst that led to the establishment of the United Bahian Republic took place in 1951 when [[Djedet]] and [[Rwizikuru]] seized control of their sections of the [[Adunis to Mambiza Railway|Trans-Bahian Railway]] from (TBD), and nationalised the sections running through their countries.
| | ! Left office |
| | | ! Days |
| Overnight, the status of [[President of Rwizikuru|President]] [[Samhuri Ngonidzashe]] of [[Rwizikuru]], and [[General Secretary of Djedet|General Secretary]] [[Tawadros Abdelmesseh]] among Bahians skyrocketed, with calls among many Bahians for a "Bahian federation." Thus, in 1952, under pressure from ordinary citizens, referenda were organised in Djedet, Rwizikuru, and [[Tabora]], where the motion to establish the "Bahian federation" passed with an overwhelming majority.
| | ! Election |
| | | ! width=10%| Political party |
| Thus, over the next two years, negotiations took place between the leaders of Djedet, Rwizikuru, and Tabora, as they hammered out the details of the United Bahian Republic, until by early 1954, the [[Munzwa Declaration]] was signed which established the basic framework for the United Bahian Republic. This made the United Bahian Republic a {{wp|confederation}}, with the United Bahian Republic only to have jurisdiction over a few key areas, namely {{wp|foreign affairs}}, {{wp|defence}}, {{wp|monetary affairs}}, and over the capital of the new state, with the member states maintaining their authority elsewhere.
| | |- |
| | | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] |
| The official announcement of its establishment took place on 1 May, 1954, at the opening ceremonies of the first [[Games of the Red Star]], which took place in [[Port Fitzhubert]], when the three leaders opened the games, and the athletes from Djedet, Rwizikuru, and Tabora marched under the flag of the United Bahian Republic, and the leaders of the three nations opened the games on behalf of the United Bahian Republic.
| | |- |
| | | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| ===Heyday=== | | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1 |
| [[File:Mukoma50s.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[New Mina|Mukoma]] in 1957]] | | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]] |
| The United Bahian Republic faced challenges upon its creation, such as the geographic non-contiguity between member states, as [[Djedet]] was an exclave of the United Bahian Republic, official languages, as the framers of the United Bahian Republic did not want "colonial languages" to be official, and foreign policy issues as certain organisations like the [[Association of Emerging Socialist Economies]] and the [[Community of Nations]] still had the member states of the United Bahian Republic as individual members, as opposed to them being succeeded by the United Bahian Republic.
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932) |
| | | |24 June, 1915 |
| Despite these challenges, Djedet, [[Rwizikuru]], and [[Tabora]] cooperated to establish the common institutions of the United Bahian Republic, such as uniting the [[Royal Rwizikuran Navy|Rwizikuru Navy]] and the [[Taborian Navy]] into the [[Bahian Navy]], establishing a new capital for the United Bahian Republic in [[New Mina|Mukoma]] (present-day [[New Mina]], [[Garambura]]), and implementing freedom of movement between its members, in addition to create a fixed exchange rate of 1:1 between the currencies of the three member states.
| | |24 October, 1932 |
| | | |{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}} |
| By 1956, the United Bahian Republic was starting to join multinational organisations in its own right as one country, as opposed to three, exemplified by it being a founding nation of the [[Congress of Bahian States]], with the institutions set out under the [[Munzwa Declaration]] firmly established.
| | | [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]] |
| | | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| However, problems arose as Djedet advocated for {{wp|Arabic language|Badawiyan}} to be made a co-official language, while [[Rwizikuru]] argued that Badawiyan was not a Bahian language, and thus should not be made an official language. Although {{wp|Coptic language|Beheiran}} was recognised as an official language, Djedet sought to have Badawiyan be recognised as well. This would start to weaken the stability of the United Bahian Republic.
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| ===Decline=== | |
| As [[Rwizikuru]]'s [[President of Rwizikuru|President]] [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] implemented anti-socialist policies within Rwizikuru, tensions started to grow between it and the other two member states, as although Rwizikuru was still committed to anti-imperialism and to the United Bahian Republic, the other member states felt that Rwizikuru was no longer properly socialist. As well, the issues surrounding official languages and foreign policy never disappeared, and in fact only intensified as member states sought to assert their own interests, especially as it was perceived by both [[Djedet]] and [[Tabora]] that the United Bahian Republic was "not beneficial to the Bahian people, but only to the Rwizi ruling class." This was not helped by the fact that Rwizikuru sought to further centralise the United Bahian Republic, while the other two members did not want to centralise the state.
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| Thus, by the early 1960s, cracks were appearing within the United Bahian Republic, due to all of these issues. Meetings between the three states became more deadlocked, and states began to refuse to pay their dues to help ensure the normal operation of the institutions. This greatly weakened the ability of the United Bahian Republic to continue operating.
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| 1964 was when the United Bahian Republic entered freefall, with the navy split between Rwizikuru and Tabora in February 1964. While in May of that year, [[New Mina|Mukoma]] (present-day [[New Mina]], [[Garambura]]) was officially opened, the tensions between the three members only increased throughout the year, especially after it was announced that Izibongo Ngonidzashe would establish a [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran monarchy]] with himself as King. Despite criticism from the other two member states, who threatened to leave, Izibongo Ngonidzashe crowned himself King on 2 December, 1964.
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| By January 1965, at what would ultimately be the final conference in the history of the United Bahian Republic, both Djedet and Tabora announced their intention to leave the United Bahian Republic over these issues. Despite Izibongo Ngonidzashe's attempts to prevent the dissolution of the United Bahian Republic, with both [[Tawadros Abdelmesseh]] and [[Zweli Ndebele]] determined to leave the United Bahian Republic, and his unwillingness to "fight against fellow Bahian brethren," by 22 January, the United Bahian Republic effectively ceased to exist.
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| ==Government==
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| The United Bahian Republic was headed by a {{wp|collective leadership}}, with the Presidents of the United Bahian Republic being designated as such due to their positions as being the country's leaders. This was organised so that no one person had too much power within the United Bahian Republic.
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| The legislature of the United Bahian Republic was the [[Bahian Assembly]], comprising of 100 members. They had the power to legislate over the issues of {{wp|foreign affairs}}, {{wp|defence}}, and {{wp|monetary affairs}}, as well as pass budgets for the operation of the government of the United Bahian Republic.
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| The institutions of the United Bahian Republic were located in the capital cities of its member state, albeit there were plans to make [[New Mina|Mukoma]] (present-day [[New Mina]], [[Garambura]]) the capital of the United Bahian Republic. While institutions were moving to Mukoma at the time of the United Bahian Republic's dissolution in January 1965, the dissolution meant that Mukoma never properly functioned as its capital.
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| Politically, the United Bahian Republic was meant to be a {{wp|confederation}}, according to the [[Munzwa Declaration]], with the federal government only having jurisdiction over {{wp|foreign affairs}}, {{wp|defence}}, and {{wp|monetary affairs}}, and its member states maintaining sovereignty over all other affairs, with the exception of Mukoma, where it was to be under the direct control of the United Bahian Republic.
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| ===Foreign relations===
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| While the government of the United Bahian Republic officially had jurisdiction over {{wp|foreign affairs}}, during its existence, organisations across the [[Kylaris|world]] had varying policies, with some, such as the [[Association of Emerging Socialist Economies]] only having member states of the United Bahian Republic as members, while others, such as the [[Congress of Bahian States]] had the United Bahian Republic as a member, with no representation from the member states.
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| The continued participation of member states of the United Bahian Republic in certain organisations, namely the AESE and the [[Community of Nations]] would be an issue for the United Bahian Republic, as supporters of the United Bahian Republic believed it was necessary for the United Bahian Republic to speak "with one voice" as oppose to three, while opponents felt that having the United Bahian Republic represent them harmed their own interests.
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| ==Member states==
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| During its existence, the United Bahian Republic comprised of three member states from May 1954 until its dissolution in January 1965.
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| {| class="wikitable sortable"
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| |- | | |- |
| ! Nation !! Capital !! Population (1961) !! GDP (1961) !! GDP per capita (1961) !! Membership
| | | colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small> |
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2 |
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]] |
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945) |
| | |24 October, 1932 |
| | |27 September, 1934 |
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}} |
| | | ''none'' |
| | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[File:DjedetFlag1944-1956.png|22px]] [[Djedet]] || [[Mina]] || Example || TBD || TBD || 1954-1965 | | | colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small> |
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| | ! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3 |
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]] |
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966) |
| | |27 September, 1934 |
| | |24 June, 1935 |
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}} |
| | | ''none'' |
| | | style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[File:RwizikuruFlag.PNG|22px]] [[Rwizikuru]] || [[Port Fitzhubert]] || 16,120,793 || TBD || TBD || 1954-1965 | | | colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small> |
| | |- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
| | ! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4 |
| | |rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]] |
| | |rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991) |
| | |24 June, 1935 |
| | |24 June, 1950 |
| | |{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1950|06|24}} |
| | | [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1954|1954]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]] |
| | | style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]] |
| |- | | |- |
| | [[File:Tabold.png|22px]] [[Tabora]] || [[Ntendeka]] || Example || TBD || TBD || 1954-1965 | | | colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small> |
| |} | | |} |
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| ===Prospective members===
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| During the existence of the United Bahian Republic, some countries in [[Bahia]] expressed their interest in joining the United Bahian Republic. However, due to various reasons, the United Bahian Republic never expanded beyond its three initial members.
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• Prime Minister of Surrow • 
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