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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox political post
| official_name = Munzwa
|post            = Prime Minister
| other_name =  
|body            = Surrow
| motto = Guta reMadzimambo ({{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}})<br>City of Kings
|nativename      = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}})
| settlement_type = City
|flag            = Surrow_CoA.png
| image_skyline = Bulawayo_CBD.jpg
|flagsize        = 150px
| image_flag =
|flagborder      =  
| image_seal =  
|flagcaption    = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]]
| image_map =  
|department      =  
| map_caption =
|image          = TimHouston.png
| subdivision_type = [[Wikipedia:Country|Country]]
|alt            =  
| subdivision_type1 = [[Rwizikuru#Districts|District]]
|incumbent      = [[Dwight Timbrell]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Rwizikuru}}
|incumbentsince = 16 December, 2018
| subdivision_name1 = [[Dzakakwirira]]
|style          = {{wp|The Right Honourable}}
  | established_title = Founded
|residence      = [[Government House, Holcot Inlet]], [[Holcot Inlet]], [[Surrow]]
| established_date = {{circa}} 850 CE
|nominator      =   
| established_title2 =
|member_of      = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]]
| established_date2 =
|appointer      = [[Governor of Surrow|Governor]]
| government_type =
|termlength      = Up to four years
| leader_title = Mayor
|termlength_qualified = No term limits
| leader_name = [[Mufaro Chimutengwende]]
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Surrow]]
| area_magnitude =  
|inaugural      = [[Clarence Bradley]]
  | area_total_sq_mi =
|formation      = 1915
| area_total_km2 =  
|last            = [[Ted Fisher]]
| area_land_sq_mi =
|abolished      = 24 June, 1950
| area_land_km2 =  
|succession      = [[President of Surrow]]
| area_water_sq_mi =
|deputy          = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]]
| area_water_km2 =  
|salary          =  
| area_urban_sq_mi =  
|website         =  
| area_urban_km2 =
  | area_metro_km2 =  
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 296,341
| population_urban = 296,341
| population_metro =  
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_rank = 7th in Rwizikuru
| timezone = Rwizi Standard Time
| utc_offset = +3:45
| timezone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST = +3:45
| area_code =
| latd =
| longd =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_ft =  
| elevation_m =
| website =
| footnotes =  
}}
}}
'''Munzwa''' is the seventh-largest city of [[Rwizikuru]] and the capital of the district of [[Dzakakwirira]], situated on the [[Rwizikuru River]]. Established around 850, it was originally a minor village along the [[Rwizikuru River]], but with the rise of the [[veRwizi Empire]], it became the main seat of power, which at its peak in the fifteenth century saw its influence stretch from [[Ahirengeïe]] (in present-day [[Mabifia]]) in the west, to [[TBD]] (in present-day [[Tabora]]) in the east.
The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament.


After its conquest by the [[Kambou Empire]], Munzwa was under brief control of the Kambou Empire before its sphere of influence waned, Munzwa became ruled by a local chiefdom, which remained in existence until its conquest by [[Estmere|Estmerish]] troops in 1884 with the end of the [[Sougoulie]]. Following its conquest, Munzwa lost much of its importance, as the colonial district seat was moved to [[Crogan]].
==List==
 
{| class="wikitable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
==Etymology==
|-
The name '''Munzwa''' derives from the {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}} word meaning "the thorn," which is believed to refer to a single specimen of the {{wp|Vachellia robusta|splendid thorn}} which was seen as a sign by chief [[Tamuka of Munzwa|Tamuka]] to establish a [[Hourege|new geopolitical order]] to combat the spread of [[Irfan]] which was overwhelming the villages and threatening to destroy the [[Sâre|village system]].
! {{Abbr|№|Number}}
 
! width=5%| Portrait
==History==
! width=10%| Name
===Early history===
! Took office
While Munzwa was believed to have been first settled by humans around 600 BCE, it was abandoned around 200 BCE, resettled in 50 CE, before being abandoned again around 450 CE. Munzwa was only properly established around 850 CE, with legend saying that [[Tamuka of Munzwa|Tamuka]] saw a specimen of {{wp|Vachellia robusta|splendid thorn}} along the banks of the [[Rwizikuru River]], and saw fit to establish a new settlement with which he would hope to combat the spread of [[Irfan]] and preserve {{wp|Traditional African religion|Fetishism}}. Archaeologists also place the habitation of Munzwa as occurring around that time.
! Left office
 
! Days
Over the next few centuries, as the [[Bahian Consolidation]] took place, Munzwa became one of the most important houregeries, as it was able to exert control over surrounding villages, who in turn exerted control over their surrounding villages, helping establish a [[Djaladjie|system that would govern relations]] between the various [[Djaladjie#Axial Houregery|axial houregeries]] to supplant the [[Dayira|old system]].
! Election
 
! width=10%| Political party
By 1160, the [[veRwizi Empire]] was established under chief [[Sikarudzi of Munzwa|Sikarudzi]], who declared himself [[Hourege|Mambo]], or [[Hourege|Karame]]. Over the centuries, as the veRwizi Empire grew, Munzwa remained the capital, and the main seat of power within the empire, due to its geographic position along the Rwizikuru River, which provided it with easy access to riverine trade, while its inland location protected it from attacks by sea, meaning it was only vulnerable to attacks by other houregeries, most notably the [[Kambou Empire]].
|-
 
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]]
===Golden age===
|-
[[File:Great-Zimbabwe.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Ruins of Old Munzwa, 1996]]
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
By the fifteenth century, Munzwa had become one of the most influential cities in [[Bahia]], along the likes of [[Mina]], [[Maware]], [[Galassa]], and [[Kambou]], while it also became an intellectual centre in the [[Lourale ka Maoube|Kupokana Kwevakachenjera]]. As the seat of one of the most powerful [[Djaladjie#Axial Houregery|axial houregeries]] in the subcontinent, Munzwa would play a major role in not just the Kupokana Kwevakachenjera, but also in the [[Djaladjie|geopolitical system]] that existed during this period known as the [[Bahian Golden Age]].
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1
 
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]]
During this period, Munzwa was a large city, with estimates of its population ranging from 100,000 people to 300,000 people, making it one of the largest cities in the Bahian subcontinent. According to travelers, the central citadel was opulent, with enough room for around 10,000 people, with temples and palaces being situated here, as well as a "great {{wp|library}}", while the stone walls were praised for its sturdy construction. The main east-west and north-south roads outside of the citadel were also opulent, with the central market in particular being noted as selling "wares from every corner of [[Kylaris|the world]]."
|rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932)
 
|24 June, 1915
Archaeology has estimated that at its peak, Munzwa covered an area of around one hundred square kilometres, based on the archaeological records of the site of Old Munzwa. However, most of the area outside of the central citadel were comprised of typical Bahian huts, albeit were more opulent than huts elsewhere in the [[veRwizi Empire]].
|24 October, 1932
 
|{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}}
===Decline===
| [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]]
As the [[veRwizi Empire]] declined, Munzwa remained a key political and intellectual centre, allowing it to initially remain prosperous. However, as its standing decreased, Munzwa too declined, as more and more vassals were being taken over by other [[Djaladjie#Axial Houregery|axial houregeries]], especially the [[Kambou Empire]]. As the veRwizi Empire faced more and more [[Djaladjie#Tetere|tetere]], Munzwa became more and more of a target for the Kambou Empire.
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
 
|-
After a bloody siege from 1654 to 1655, Munzwa fell to the Kambou Empire, and the city was looted to such a degree that "by the time the Kambouans have finished their campaign of looting, 'only the walls of the citadel' remained," with almost no property in the city spared. In the aftermath of the war, it was briefly under the rule of Kambou, but as Kambou faced internal problems of their own, they abandoned Munzwa, leaving it to be a minor village in the restored [[Sâre|village system]].
| colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small>
 
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
Munzwa would only become prominent again when in 1882, chief [[Tamutswa (Verizi)|Tamutswa of Munzwa]] declared the establishment of the [[Verizi Empire]], a restoration of the veRwizi Empire. While it served as the main centre for the [[Sougoulie#Riziland|Rizilander]] front of the [[Sougoulie|Bahian Mutiny]], by 1884, Munzwa was finally conquered by the [[Estmere|Estmerish]], and in retaliation for the ransack of [[Crogan]], the entire site was "burned to the ground and salted."
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2
 
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]]
===Colonial era===
|rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945)
[[File:PSM_V68_D156_The_principal_street_in_bulawayo.png|250px|thumb|right|The main street of Munzwa, {{circa}} 1900]]
|24 October, 1932
Shortly after Old Munzwa was destroyed in 1884, a new townsite planned by the [[Estmere|Estmerish]] colonial authorities was established on the shores of the [[Rwizikuru River]], with the intention of solidifying colonial rule over the general area. The new townsite was to have five avenues and ten streets, and was designed to provide "civilised housing" (i.e. [[Euclea|Euclean]]-style housing) to both the [[Murungu (Rwizikuru)|white immigrants]] and the native {{wp|Shona people|veRwizi}} population.
|27 September, 1934
 
|{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}}
By 1886, with the colonial town of Munzwa completed, it was incorporated as a town: the 1891 census reported Munzwa had a population of 1,043 people, of which only 22 were of white origin. During this period, the colonial authorities developed Munzwa into a model colonial town, alongside that of [[Crogan]], which was designated the capital of the [[Dzakakwirira|Plateau]] district.
| ''none''
 
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
(TBC)
|-
 
| colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small>
===Contemporary era===
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3
==Geography==
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]]
Munzwa is situated on the western bank of the [[Rwizikuru River]], across the river from the district of [[Sangoguru kumaodzanyemba]]. The city is flat, with very little in the way of topographic variation, with its highest point only being 121 metres above {{wp|sea level}}.
|rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966)
 
|27 September, 1934
==Government==
|24 June, 1935
Like any city in [[Rwizikuru]], it has an elected '''Mayor''' ({{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}}: ''meya'') and an elected '''city council''' (''kanzuru yeguta'').
|{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}}
 
| ''none''
The city council comprises of nine members, each representing one of the city's eleven wards, and are elected every four years by all inhabitants of Munzwa over the age of 21, as stipulated in the ''[[Civic Decree of 1965]]'' issued by [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]. The mayor is also elected in the same elections that elect the rest of the city council.
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
 
|-
The current mayor is [[Mufaro Chimutengwende]], first elected in 2016.
| colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small>
 
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
==Population==
! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4
As of the 2011 census, there were 296,341 people residing in Munzwa, making it the seventh largest city in [[Rwizikuru]], between the cities of [[Rutendo]] in [[Zvakawanda]], and [[Crogan]] in [[Dzakakwirira]].
|rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]]
 
|rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991)
(TBC)
|24 June, 1935
 
|24 June, 1950
==Culture==
|{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1950|06|24}}
Due to its location along both the [[Rwizikuru River]], and its historic role as being a major political and intellectual centre in [[Bahia]], Munzwa has historically exerted a lot of cultural influence over much of southern Bahia.
| [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1954|1954]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]]
 
| style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]]
(TBC)
|-
| colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small>
|}

Latest revision as of 20:03, 18 March 2024

Prime Minister of Surrow
Surrow CoA.png
Coat of arms of Surrow
TimHouston.png
Incumbent
Dwight Timbrell
since 16 December, 2018
StyleThe Right Honourable
Member ofParliament
ResidenceGovernment House, Holcot Inlet, Holcot Inlet, Surrow
AppointerGovernor
Term lengthUp to four years
No term limits
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Surrow
Inaugural holderClarence Bradley
Formation1915
Final holderTed Fisher
Abolished24 June, 1950
SuccessionPresident of Surrow
DeputyDeputy Prime Minister of Surrow

The Prime Minister of Surrow was the head of government of Surrow from when it was granted full self-government by Rythene in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the Surrowese Parliament, or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament.

List

№ Portrait Name Took office Left office Days Election Political party
1915-1950
Surrow Flag.png • Prime Minister of Surrow • Surrow Flag.png
1 Sir Edward Morris - Bain Collection crop.jpg Clarence Bradley
(1856-1932) 		24 June, 1915 24 October, 1932 17 years and 4 months 1915
1919
1923
1927
1931 		FPU
Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority FPU governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on Holcot Island. Died in office.
2 Richard Squires.jpg Eddie Hammond
(1884-1945) 		24 October, 1932 27 September, 1934 1 year, 11 months and 3 days none FPU
Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to Ted Fisher and many on the party to create the United People's Party in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.
3 Lord Macdonald.jpg Gilbert Bray
(1888-1966) 		27 September, 1934 24 June, 1935 8 months and 28 days none FPU
Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the United People's Party with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.
4 BradleyKingSmallwood1948 (cropped).jpg Ted Fisher
(1900-1991) 		24 June, 1935 24 June, 1950 15 years 1935
1954
1939
1943
1947 		United People's
Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in outports, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the Surrow International Airport during the Second Great War, and negotiated independence from Rythene in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first President of Surrow in 1950.
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