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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox political post
|name          = Kradian dialect
|post            = Prime Minister
|nativename = ''Bąlaćka''<br>''Балачка''
|body            = Surrow
|pronunciation = ba-lach-ka
|nativename     = Tshishemishku utessit ({{wp|Innu-aimun|Chequan}})<br>Angajuqqaaq nunagijattinnut ({{wp|Inuktitut|Itchalnu}})
|region       = {{flag|West Miersa}}
|flag            = Surrow_CoA.png
|speakers     = 79
|flagsize       = 150px
|date          = 2020
|flagborder      =
|ref          =  
|flagcaption    = [[Coat of arms of Surrow]]
|speakers2    =  
|department     =  
|familycolor  = Indo-European
|image          = TimHouston.png
|fam2  = {{wp|Slavic languages|Marolevic}}
|alt            =  
|fam3  = {{wp|Western Slavic language|Central Marolevic}}
|incumbent      = [[Dwight Timbrell]]
|fam4  = {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}
|incumbentsince  = 16 December, 2018
|fam5  = {{wp|Lesser Polish dialect|Southwestern Miersan}}
|style          = {{wp|The Right Honourable}}
|script = {{wp|Cyrillic alphabet|Pavatrian alphabet}}, {{wp|Polish alphabet|Miersan alphabet}}
|residence      = [[Government House, Holcot Inlet]], [[Holcot Inlet]], [[Surrow]]
|nation =  
|nominator      = 
|agency =  
|member_of      = [[Parliament of Surrow|Parliament]]
|iso3  = mkr
|appointer      = [[Governor of Surrow|Governor]]
|lingua =  
|termlength      = Up to four years
|map    =  
|termlength_qualified = No term limits
|mapcaption =
|constituting_instrument  = [[Constitution of Surrow]]
|inaugural      = [[Clarence Bradley]]
|formation      = 1915
|last            = [[Ted Fisher]]
|abolished      = 24 June, 1950
|succession      = [[President of Surrow]]
|deputy          = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Surrow]]
|salary          =  
|website        =  
}}
}}
The '''Kradian dialect''' ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}: ''Gwara kradziańa'', {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}: Крадари діалект, ''Kradary dialekt''), commonly known as '''Balachka''' ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}: Bąlaćka, {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}: Балачка, ''Balachka'') is a {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}-{{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}} {{wp|mixed language}} spoken in and around [[Krada]], [[West Miersa]].
The '''Prime Minister of Surrow''' was the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Surrow]] from when it was granted full {{wp|self-government}} by [[Rythene]] in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the [[Parliament of Surrow|Surrowese Parliament]], or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament.


==Etymology==
==List==
The term most commonly used by linguists and foreigners, ''Kradian dialect'', refers to the city of [[Krada]], where the Kradian dialect was the most widespread. Although similar mixed languages existed in [[Żobrodź]] and [[Sechia]], among other regions where {{wp|Polish people|Miersans}} and {{wp|Rusyn people|Narodyns}} had close contact, the variety spoken in Krada was notable for both its size, and because of the high number of Narodyns living in the city, in a region with relatively few Narodyns.
{| class="wikitable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
 
|-
The term ''balachka'' derives from the {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}} term, ''balakaty'' (балакати), meaning "to chat," suggesting that this term was first used by {{wp|Rusyn people|Narodyn}} migrants to [[Krada]] to describe how {{wp|Polish people|Miersans}} would try to speak to them. While it was initially seen as derogatory, the term eventually became embraced by the speakers of the Kradian dialect.
! {{Abbr|№|Number}}
 
! width=5%| Portrait
==History==
! width=10%| Name
Linguists believe that the Kradian dialect emerged no earlier than the end of the [[War of the Miersan Succession]] and the partition of [[Miersa]] between [[Narozalica]] in the west and [[Gaullica]] in the east, as the city of [[Krada]] became the seat of the newly-established [[Miersan Governate]]. With an influx of {{wp|Rusyn people|Narodyn}} officials, Krada would attract migration from across the southern regions of the governate, leading to the development of a {{wp|mixed language}}, as many Narodyns would not bother to learn Miersan, while the Miersans had to learn Narodyn vocabulary to get them to understand each other.
! Took office
 
! Left office
The first recorded mention of the Kradian dialect was in 1786, when [[Yehor Honcharov]], a government official, described a "strange tongue spoken among the poor [in Krada], where they attempt to speak like us, but insist on using their native grammar." Another reference, from 1796, describes a {{wp|couplet}} written in dialect, making it the first written record in the Kradian dialect.
! Days
 
! Election
During the nineteenth century, the Kradian dialect continued developing: with some Narodyns learning Miersan, they began contributing to the dialect, although in their case, they used many Narodyn words in their Miersan, which helped further cement the Kradian dialect as a {{wp|mixed language}} between Narodyn and Miersan.
! width=10%| Political party
 
|-
By 1844, [[Yevhen Ponomarenko]], a {{wp|linguist}} at the [[University of Krada]], published a paper on the Kradian dialect, describing not only its phonology and grammar, but also how widespread the dialect was, with Ponomarenko saying that "regardless of ethnicity or social class, most Kradians will, at some point during their day, use Narodyn words in a Miersan grammar," and concluding that the Kradian dialect, while structurally of "southwestern Miersan origin," was lexically "of Narodyn origin," with the result that he called the dialect a "form of {{wp|surzhyk}}."
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;" align=center|'''1915-1950'''<br />[[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]] • Prime Minister of Surrow • [[File:Surrow_Flag.png|30px]]
 
|-
This opened a wave of research into the Kradian dialect, inspiring [[Matthias Klaproth]] at the [[University of Żobrodź]] to write an extensive paper in 1858, which focused not just on the Kradian dialect, but on other varieties of surzhyk spoken throughout the Miersan Governate, and comparing them to both Miersan and Narodyn to determine which language they are a dialect of: using his data, Klaproth concluded that the Kradian dialect was a dialect of Miersan.
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|1
Despite the extensive research, the Kradian dialect remained stigmatized, especially as the education system in Narozalica started to become more universal and promote the teaching of the standard varieties of Narodyn and Miersan as opposed to the dialects. Nationalists on both sides decried the Kradian dialect as being impure, leading to people beginning to abandon the variety in favour of standard Narodyn or standard Miersan, depending on their political alignments. However, even into the twentieth century, the Kradian dialect still remained common, particularly among the poor who were "born in the city," as opposed to those who have migrated from the countryside to Krada.
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sir_Edward_Morris_-_Bain_Collection_crop.jpg|80px]]
 
|rowspan="2"|[[Clarence Bradley]]<br/><small>(1856-1932)
In the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], after Krada fell to Gaullican forces, the use of the Kradian dialect was banned, as it was feared that the variety would be used to transmit information secretly to the Narozalic forces. Although after the end of the Great War, the Kradian dialect was legally permitted to be spoken once more, with the division of Miersa into [[West Miersa]] and [[East Miersa]] as a result of the [[Godfredson Plan]], the Kradian dialect began to decline, as much of the Narodyn community left Krada for Narozalica, leading to a sudden erosion in the importance of Narodyn in the day-to-day life.
|24 June, 1915
 
|24 October, 1932
While as late as the 1940s, the Kradian dialect was still widely spoken in the city, with at least three-quarters speaking the dialect, by the 1950s, the Kradian dialect began to die out, as young people were reluctant to transmit the dialect to their children, as it was perceived by many people to be a sign of backwardness. This trend accelerated in the coming decades, and by 2000, the Kradian dialect was only spoken by less than 2,000 people, virtually all of whom were elderly. While many dialect words remain in the modern Kradian varieties of Miersan and Narodyn, it is mostly used as slang and in informal situations.
|{{Age in years, months and days|1915|06|24|1932|10|24}}
 
| [[Elections in Surrow#1915|1915]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1919|1919]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1923|1923]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1927|1927]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1931|1931]]
==Phonology==
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
The phonology in the Kradian dialect is largely similar to the phonology used in the {{wp|Lesser Polish dialect|southwestern dialects}} of the {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}, as the Kradian dialect was generally spoken by {{wp|Polish people|Miersans}} to {{wp|Rusyn people|Narodyns}}, and not vice-versa. This means that the Kradian dialect has evidence of {{wp|Mazurzenie|Żobrodzation}}, a voiceless-to-voicing shift, a nasalization of the -enka suffix, merging of the stop-fricative consonant clusters into {{wp|affricates}}, initial syllable stresses and {{wp|oxytone|oxytonic}} stress on the {{wp|vocative case}}, as well as the reduction of the rz sound to a simple r sound.
|-
 
| colspan="5"|<small>Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority [[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|FPU]] governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on [[Holcot Island]]. Died in office.</small>
For example, in {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}, the word for three hundred is ''try tysyachi'' (три тисячі), and in standard Miersan, it is ''trzysta'', but in the Kradian dialect, it is ''czysti'' (чисті). Likewise, in Narodyn, the word for dress is ''suknya'' (сукня), and in standard Miersan, it is ''sukienka,'' but in the Kradian dialect, it is ''suknieńka'' (сукніенька).
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2
==Orthography==
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Richard_Squires.jpg|80px]]
As the Kradian dialect is traditionally spoken and not written, there has never been a standard orthography used by all speakers of the Kradian dialect, given that when writing, most would prefer to write either in standard {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}} or standard {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}. A study from 2003 by Oleg Dzikowski and Marin Chudzinski showed that of the 2,681 known works (mostly diaries and journals) written in the Kradian dialect, only 894 used Pavatrian, with the remainder using a {{wp|Latin alphabet|Solarian alphabet}}.
|rowspan="2"|[[Eddie Hammond]]<br/><small>(1884-1945)
 
|24 October, 1932
Traditionally, linguists either use the {{wp|Cyrillic alphabet|Pavatrian}} Ponomarenko orthography, or the {{wp|Polish alphabet|Miersan}} Klaproth orthography to write in the dialect, depending on which script they are intending to use for their papers. While in recent decades, some efforts have been made to write works, predominantly in the Klaproth orthography, for people to read in the Kradian dialect, these efforts have lacked official support, and are rarely used, with only seven books being published in the Klaproth orthography of the Kradian dialect between 1996 and 2011.
|27 September, 1934
 
|{{Age in years, months and days|1932|10|24|1934|09|27}}
(TBC)
| ''none''
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
|-
| colspan="5"|<small>Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to [[Ted Fisher]] and many on the party to create the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.</small>
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
! style="background:#00247D; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Lord_Macdonald.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Gilbert Bray]]<br/><small>(1888-1966)
|27 September, 1934
|24 June, 1935
|{{Age in years, months and days|1934|09|27|1935|06|24}}
| ''none''
| style="background:#00247D; color:white;"|[[Fishermen's Protective Union (Surrow)|{{color|white|FPU}}]]
|-
| colspan="5"|<small>Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the [[United People's Party (Surrow)|United People's Party]] with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.</small>
|- style="background:#EEEEEE"
! style="background:#354C9C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4
|rowspan="2"|[[File:BradleyKingSmallwood1948_(cropped).jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Ted Fisher]]<br/><small>(1900-1991)
|24 June, 1935
|24 June, 1950
|{{Age in years, months and days|1935|06|24|1950|06|24}}
| [[Elections in Surrow#1935|1935]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1954|1954]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1939|1939]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1943|1943]]<br>[[Elections in Surrow#1947|1947]]
| style="background:#354C9C; color:white;"|[[United People's Party (Surrow)|{{color|white|United People's}}]]
|-
| colspan="5"|<small>Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in {{wp|Newfoundland outports|outports}}, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the [[Surrow International Airport]] during the [[Second Great War (Levilion)|Second Great War]], and negotiated independence from [[Rythene]] in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first [[President of Surrow]] in 1950.</small>
|}

Latest revision as of 20:03, 18 March 2024

Prime Minister of Surrow
Surrow CoA.png
Coat of arms of Surrow
TimHouston.png
Incumbent
Dwight Timbrell
since 16 December, 2018
StyleThe Right Honourable
Member ofParliament
ResidenceGovernment House, Holcot Inlet, Holcot Inlet, Surrow
AppointerGovernor
Term lengthUp to four years
No term limits
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Surrow
Inaugural holderClarence Bradley
Formation1915
Final holderTed Fisher
Abolished24 June, 1950
SuccessionPresident of Surrow
DeputyDeputy Prime Minister of Surrow

The Prime Minister of Surrow was the head of government of Surrow from when it was granted full self-government by Rythene in 1915 until Surrow was granted independence in 1950. By custom, the Prime Minister of Surrow was the leader of the largest party in the Surrowese Parliament, or otherwise had the most support among the members of Parliament.

List

№ Portrait Name Took office Left office Days Election Political party
1915-1950
Surrow Flag.png • Prime Minister of Surrow • Surrow Flag.png
1 Sir Edward Morris - Bain Collection crop.jpg Clarence Bradley
(1856-1932) 		24 June, 1915 24 October, 1932 17 years and 4 months 1915
1919
1923
1927
1931 		FPU
Longest serving Prime Minister of Surrow, with five majority FPU governments. Introduced basic welfare, regulations to ensure the merchants charged fair prices, instituted a minimum wage, and began building a road network to connect communities on Holcot Island. Died in office.
2 Richard Squires.jpg Eddie Hammond
(1884-1945) 		24 October, 1932 27 September, 1934 1 year, 11 months and 3 days none FPU
Attempted to reform the fisheries and eliminate the power of the merchants completely, leading to Ted Fisher and many on the party to create the United People's Party in June 1934. Was ousted by a caucus revolt in September 1934.
3 Lord Macdonald.jpg Gilbert Bray
(1888-1966) 		27 September, 1934 24 June, 1935 8 months and 28 days none FPU
Shortest serving Prime Minister of Surrow. Attempted to take a more moderate course and to try and reunite the United People's Party with the Fishermen's Protective Union. Was defeated in the 1935 elections.
4 BradleyKingSmallwood1948 (cropped).jpg Ted Fisher
(1900-1991) 		24 June, 1935 24 June, 1950 15 years 1935
1954
1939
1943
1947 		United People's
Reversed Eddie Hammond's reforms to the fisheries, while strengthening regulations to ensure that fishermen were able to sell goods at a fair price. Invested significantly in outports, with schools and clinics being built en masse during his term, oversaw the construction of the Surrow International Airport during the Second Great War, and negotiated independence from Rythene in the aftermath of the Second Great War. Became the first President of Surrow in 1950.
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