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{{Infobox former monarchy
{{Infobox former monarchy
| royal_title        = Monarchy
| royal_title        = Sultan
| realm              = Vardana
| realm              = the Hazaraspid Kingdom <!--Armashahs Shah of Armavia-->
| border            =  
| border            =  
| coatofarms        = Royal Badge of Vardana.svg
| coatofarms        = Royal Badge of Vardana (Hazaraspid).svg
| coatofarmssize    = 120px
| coatofarmssize    = 120px
| coatofarmscaption  = '''Royal Badge'''
| coatofarmscaption  = '''Royal Badge'''
| image              = Reza Shah portrait.jpg
| image              = Reza Shah portrait.jpg
| caption            = '''Stepan IV'''
| caption            = '''Tiridates V'''
| first_monarch      = [[David I of Vardana|David I]]
| first_monarch      = [[Hazarasp I]]
| last_monarch      = [[Stepan IV of Vardana|Stepan IV]]
| last_monarch      = [[Tiridates V]]
| style              = [[wikipedia:Apostolic Majesty|Royal Apostolic Majesty]]
| residence          = [[Metsamor|Tigranaberd]]
| residence          = [[Leonopolis|Lauseion]]<br>[[Hrazdan|Tigranaberd]]
| began              = {{circa}}1323
| appointer          = [[Succession to the Vardanan throne|Hereditary]]
| ended              = 5 April 1924
| began              = 18 January 1009
| pretender          = [[Jorin Hazarasp|Jorin Hazarasp]]
| ended              = 9 December 1923
| pretender          = ''[[#Current claimants|disputed]]''
}}
}}
The '''Monarch of Vardana''' ruled at various stages from the establishment of the Kingdom of Vardana, in 1009, until its dissolution, in 1923, and the [[Vardanan Revolution|revolution]]. Intermittently, the rulers of Vardana paid tribute or were vassals of neighboring realms, such as [[Thraysia]]. It was succeeded by various petty kingdoms, which continued to claim the Vardanan crown until they were themselves conquered or overthrown.
The '''sultan''' of the [[Hazaraspid Kingdom]], who were all members of the [[House of Hazaraspid|Hazaraspid dynasty]] ruled over [[Vardana]] from its inception around 1323 to its dissolution in 1924 in the [[Vardani Revolution]]. At its height, the Hazaraspid kingdom spanned across territories of Vardana, Happara, and [peninsula]. It was first administered from the city of Thopsia before 1399, and them from the city of Norashen, later Hzadran and finally Metsamor from 1780 to 1924.


The monarchy was restored in 1900 when the [[Iotopha|Iotophan kingdom]] reconquered much of Vardana's core territories, but was ultimately overthrown as part of the [[Vardanan Revolution of 1923]]. The longest reigning dynasty of Vardana was the House of Artavazd, ruling from the 13th century until the 18th century, though a cadet branch continued to rule Vardana until 1830. All monarchs of Vardana descend from [[David I of Vardana]], though some direct lines have ended.
Historians have had difficulties discerning fact from legend in the earliest years of the dynasty's reign and its first ruler [[Hazarasp I]]. According to tradition, Hazarasp claimed desecent from a number of important or legendary figures, including [person] the legendary ruler of ancient Armavia and the final rulers of the [[Bayarid Empire]] through the Chuya, a tribe originating from the Chu River Valley in [[Uluujol]]. These traditions also claimed Hazarasp was the descendant of [[Azdarin|Ummār bint Mubashir]], the son of the [[Mubashir|Prophet Mubashir]]. The eponymous dynasty, of 26 rules, ruled over all of what became Vardana for six centuries. The Hazaraspid Kingdom was dissolved in 1924 during the [[1924 Vardani Revolution]] and the establishment of first Republic of Vardana.
==Titles==
At the onset of the dynastic kingdom, the king was referred to as '''Armashahs''' (Արմասահս; lit. "Ruler of Armava" or Shah of Armavia). As the Hazaraspids expanded into Nesilia, the rulers claimed additional titles borrowed from conquered peoples or for additional religious legitimacy. In 1432, [[Ardil I]] began to utilize the title of '''Sultan''' (Սուլթան; sult'an) as his primary title, along with Vardashah (Վարտանսահ; Shah of Vardana), which has been associated with the role of "Great King", as a key secondary title as the Hazaraspids continued to encroach on [[Perateia|Perateian Nesilia]].


Currently there are no fewer than five chief pretenders to the vacant throne of Vardana.
Other titles claimed and utilized by the Hazaraspids include:
==History==
* Kaysr Albaniayi (Caesar of Albania)
Various ancient kingdoms controlled what is now Vardana since before the 2nd century BC, often referred to as Urartu. Though it did not claim domain over all Vardana, the first iteration of Vardana was Greater Vardana, which was established following the abandonment of [[Perateia]] by the ancient Latin Empire in the 6th century AD. This kingdom's independence was short lived, eventually falling under the suzerainty of the [[Bayarid Empire]]. It continued to pay tribute to the Bayrids until the empire's demise and the rise of [[David I of Vardana|David Manavazean]], who became the first Basileus of Vardana in 1009.
* Malik
* Xakan (Khan)


The Manavazean dynasty reigned until 1266 when it married into the Artavazd dynasty, who ruled until the kingdom's demise through a cadet line, in 1830. The Artavazds are regarded as the most important dynasty in Vardanan history. In 1694, Manuel I became Basileus of Vardana and King of [[Lihnidos]], ushering in a 136 year personal union between the two realms. This period of Vardanan history is known as Xanthi Vardana, earning its name from the ruling House of Xanthi. While still a line of Artavazd rulers, the dynasty adopted the name Xanthi from its main seat in Lihnidos from which it ruled.  
==List of rulers==
The "Titles" section includes titles claimed by the king. The "Notes" section includes information on each ruler's parentage, important notes, and fate. In the early kingdom, succession was primarily based upon the principle of survival of the fittest among sons of the king. This practice resulted in a large degree of infighting among the king's sons before and after his death. Succession laws changed during the reign of [[Tiridates I]] to follow a modified male-only primogeniture, which later became male-only primogeniture whereby succession followed from father to eldest son, and so on until the reign of [[Tiridates V]] and the abolition of the monarchy in 1924.


In 1830, the personal union ended with the death of Manuel III and the Lihnidosi rebellion. The dissolution of the union resulted in Vardana splitting into petty states, the most prominent of which continued to claim the defunct titles of Vardana.
A constitution was first, reluctantly, instituted during the waning years of reign of [[Aram IV]], and continued into the reign of Tiridates V. However, Tiridates V abolished the constitution and [[Congress of the Hazaraspid Kingdom|congress]] in 1921, and returned to absolute rule. This led to the Vardani revolution and the abolition of the monarchy. The current pretender is [[Jorin Hazarasp]].
==Full title==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
Until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1830, the full title of the monarch of Vardana was:
 
[Name], by the Grace of God, King of Greater Vardana, of Aparan, of Mysia, of Bayazet, of Armavir, and of Ayrum, King of Tayk, Grand Prince of the East, First Venerable One, Bridger of Seas, Master of the Periclean and the Ozeros, Sovereign Ruler and Lord of the Scipian Provinces and the lands in between, Protector and Defender of the Apostolic Faith.
==Current claimants==
{{main|Succession to the Vardanan throne}}
The dissolution of the Monarchy of Vardana resulted in numerous successor states, the most prominent of these continued to claim the mantle of Vardana. All claimants were descend from monarchs of the Lihnidosi-Vardanan personal union and the House of Xanthi. With exception of the Lihindosi claim, all claimants follow male-preference succession practices.
 
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Pretender
! width="5%" | No.
! Since
! width="20%" | Ruler
! House
! width="80px" | Portrait
! Claim
! width="15%" | Reigned from
! Heir apparent 
! width="15%" | Reigned until
! width="15%" | Reign length
! width="15%" | Titles
! width="15%" | Notes
|-
|-
| '''[[Aram, Despot of Bayazet]]'''
| 25
| [[File:Amb.Zahedi.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''[[Aram IV]]'''<br />''<small>Արամ ԻՎ</small>''<br/><small>(1872–1924)</small>
| 9 June 1966
| [[File:Sultan Murad V., 1876.jpg|100px]]
| [[House of Hazaraspid|Hazarasp]]
| 1 May 1896
| descendant of [[List of Vardanan monarchs|Basileus]] [[Stepan IV of Vardana|Stepan IV]] (1920–1923)
| 3 January 1920
| [[Jorin Hazarasp|Prince Jorin Hazarasp]]
| {{ayd|1896|5|1|1920|1|3}}
| Sultan<br>Vardashah<br>Kaysr Albaniayi<br>Xakan<!--Khagan-->
| align="left" |
*Son of [[Mehvesh VI]] and TBD
*Reigned until his death.
|-
|-
| '''[[Stella II of Lihnidos]]'''
| 26
| [[File:StellaVasiliou.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''[[Tiridates V]]'''<br />''<small>Տրդատ Դ</small>''<br/><small>(1872–1924)</small>
| 27 November 2007
| [[File:Reza Shah portrait.jpg|100px]]
| [[House of Vasiliou|Vasiliou]]
| 3 January 1920
| descendant of [[List of Vardanan monarchs|Basileus]] [[Manuel II of Lihnidos and Vardana|Manuel II]] (1785–1788)
| 5 April 1924
| [[Princess Efthymia, Duchess of Rhithasa]]
| {{ayd|1920|1|3|1924|4|5}}
| Sultan<br>Vardashah<br>Kaysr Albaniayi<br>Xakan<!--Khagan-->
| align="left" |
*Son of [[Aram IV]] and TBD
*Reigned until his death.
|-
|-
| '''[[Christina Junia|Christina, Despotissa of Mysia]]'''
|}
| [[File:Lauren Bacall 1998.jpg|100px|center]]
==List of pretenders==
| 7 April 1980
 
| [[Junia family|Junia]]
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
| descendant of [[List of Vardanan monarchs|Basileus]] [[Manuel II of Lihnidos and Vardana|Manuel II]] (1785–1788)
| [[Michael Pinarius (born 1959)|Michael Pinarius]]
|-
|-
| '''[[Basil I of Aretias]]'''
! width="5%" | No.
| [[File:Basil II of Aretias.jpg|100px|center]]
! width="20%" | Pretender
| 20 September 2014
! width="80px" | Portrait
| [[House of Bznuni|Bznuni]]
! width="15%" | Pretender from
| descendant of [[List of Vardanan monarchs|Basileus]] [[Manuel II of Lihnidos and Vardana|Manuel II]] (1785–1788)
! width="15%" | Pretender until
| [[Zenobia, Despoina of Mysia]]
! width="15%" | Pretender length
! width="15%" | Titles
! width="15%" | Notes
|-
|-
| '''[[Makarios, Despot of Derzene]]'''
| —
| [[File:Blank.png|100px|center]]
| '''[[Jorin Hazarasp (born 1904)|Kaysr Jorin Gazi]]'''<br><small>Ձորին Ա</small><br><small>(1904–1966)</small>
| 11 December 1981
| [[File:Fazlollah zahedi.jpg|100px]]
| [[House of Maleinos|Maleinos]]
| 5 April 1924
| descendant of [[List of Vardanan monarchs|Basileus]] [[David I & VIII|David VIII]] (1725–1785)
| 9 June 1966
| [[Anna of Derzene|Princess Anna]]
| {{ayd|1924|4|5|1966|6|9}}
| Sultan<br>Vardashah<br>Kaysr Albaniayi<br>Xakan<!--Khagan-->
| align="left" |
*Only surviving son of [[Tiridates V]] and [[Arine Hazarasp (consort)|Princess Arine Hazarasp]]
*Claim supported by group of Vardani noble exiles and established government-in-exile in [[Ghant]].
|-
|-
| '''[[Melek, Despot of Mestamor]]'''
| –
| [[File:Blank.png|100px|center]]
| '''[[Aram Hazarasp (born 1940)|Kaysr Aram Gazi]]'''<br><small>Արամ Դ</small><br><small>(1940–2021)</small>
| 18 September 1999
| [[File:John Rhys-Davies byVetulani.JPG|100px]]
| [[House of Levidis|Levidis]]
| 9 June 1966
| descendant of [[List of Vardanan monarchs|Basileus]] [[David VI of Vardana|David VI]] (1666–1699)
| 23 July 2021
| [[Rupen of Metsamor|Prince Rupen]]
| {{ayd|1966|6|9|2021|7|23}}
| Sultan<br>Vardashah<br>Kaysr Albaniayi<br>Xakan<!--Khagan-->
| align="left" |
*Eldest son of [[Jorin Hazarasp (born 1904)|Kaysr Jorin Gazi]] and [[Alaia of Ghant]]
*Held status as head of the Hazaraspid dynasty until death
*Second longest reigning head of the Hazaraspid dynasty
|-
| –
| '''[[Jorin Hazarasp (born 1965)|Kaysr Jorin Gazi]]'''<br><small>Ձորին Բ</small><br><small>(born 1965)</small>
| [[file:Jorin Hazarasp (portrait).jpg|100px]]
| 23 July 2021
| present
| {{ayd|2021|7|23}}
| Sultan<br>Vardashah<br>Kaysr Albaniayi<br>Xakan<!--Khagan-->
| align="left" |
*Eldest son of [[Jorin Hazarasp (born 1904)|Kaysr Jorin Gazi]] and [[Zabel Kordvatsi]]
*Heir apparent: [[Ardil Hazarasp]] (eldest son)
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Hazaraspid claim===
{{main|House of Hazarasp}}
The Hazaraspids dynasty arrived in Vardana around the 11th century during the Bayarid period, originating from Chu River Valley in Uluujol. The dynasty ruled over Vardana following the departure of the Bayarid’s, and later as a princely family in the Greater Vardanan Kingdom. The Hazaraspids served the Vardanan crown as despots of Bayazet periodically from the 16th through 19th century; the province later became the primary demesne of the dynasty. Following the demise of the Lihnidosi-Vardanan personal union, Stepan Hazarasp proclaimed himself King of Greater Vardana and successor to the personal union, by right of his wife, a daughter of Empress-Queen Konstantina I (r. 1788-1815).
As the most powerful Vardanan successor state, the Hazaraspids gradually reincorporated most former Vardanan provinces, with exception of the Latin [[Diocese of the East]]. By 1900, the Hazaraspids actively disregarded any claim to the Lihnidosi throne. The Hazaraspids were overthrown in 1924 during the Vardanan Revolution and establishment of the First Republic. King Stepan VI, his wife, and heir were killed or executed during the revolution, leaving Prince Jorin of Vardana as the eldest surviving son of Stepan VI. Jorin lived abroad, in Ghant, at the time of the revolution, and was spared from the violence. He was proclaimed King of Greater Vardana from his home in [[Ghish]] by a group of newly exiled Vardanan nobles. Jorin’s son Aram has been Head of the House of Hazarasp since 1966. His heir apparent is [[Jorin Hazarasp|Prince Jorin]], whose heir presumptive is [[Ardil Hazarasp|Prince Ardil]].
{{Tree list}}
*[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]]  ''[[Konstantina of Lihnidos and Vardana|Empress-Queen Konstantina]] (1747–1815)''
**''[[Maria of Lihnidos and Vardana]] (1779–1846)''
***[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]]  ''[[Isaac I of Vardana|King Isaac I]] (1808–1848)''
****[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]]  ''[[Manuel IV of Vardana|King Manuel IV]] (1831–1896)''
*****[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]]  ''[[Aram IV of Vardana|King Aram IV]] (1852–1920)''
******[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]]  ''[[Stepan VI of Vardana|King Stepan VI]] (1872–1924)''
******* ''Manuel, Despot of Bayazet (1900–1924)''
******** ''Jorin, Despot of Bayazet (1904–1966)''
********* '''(1) [[Aram, Despot of Bayazet]] (born 1944)'''
{{Tree list/end}}
===Mysian claim===
{{main|House of Kamytzes|Monarchy of Aretias}}
The first King of Mysia, [[David I of Mysia|David I]], was the maternal great-grandson of [[Manuel I of Lihnidos and Vardana|Emperor-King Manuel II]] (r. 1785-1788). The Mysian kingdom is among the longest lived of the Vardanan successor states, existing from 1830 to 1901, and again from 1924 to the present day. There are two principle claimants to the Mysian claim: [[Christina Junia|Christinia Junia, Despoinia of Mysia]] and [[Basil I of Aretias]].
These competing claims diverge from [[George II of Mysia|King George II]]. The senior claim of Christina Junia traces back to George II’s eldest son by his first wife, [[David, Despot of Mysia]], who died during the Vardana Revolution. Conversely, the Aretian claim descends from [[Irene I of Mysia]], who George II named his heir upon the restoration of the Kingdom of Mysia in 1924 after David’s death. Irene I’s line continues to reign Mysia from the islands of Aretias just off the [[Mysia|Mysian coast]].
===Aylketian claim===
{{main|House of Maleinos}}
The Aylketian claim to the Vardanan throne is among the most remote, tracing its claim to [[David I & VIII|Emperor-King David I & VII]]. Through this relation, the new nobility [[Maleinos dynasty]] rose to prominence in the province of [[Derzene]] – now known as [[Aylket]], later establishing itself as Kings of Derzene immediately following the breakup of the personal union and Vardana itself. The Derzene Kings continued to claim Greater Vardanan titles from its inception in 1832 to until its demise in 1890. [[Makarios, Despot of Derzene]] has been pretender to the vacant throne since 1981; his heir presumptive is [[Anna of Derzene|Princess Anna]], who became heir in 1986 following the death of an younger brother.
===Zeytune claim===
{{main|House of Levidis}}
The Kingdom of Zeytun was established in 1833, in what is now the Vardanan province of Tsaghkadzor. Aram Philes was an officer in the Vardanan military, and later governor of the province of Mestsamor. He claimed the throne of Vardana during the Lihnidosi rebellion, based on descent from [[David VI of Vardana|King David VI]] (r. 1666–1694). Zeytun was among the first states re-incorporated into the newly established, Hazaraspid-led Kingdom of Vardana in 1858. The current pretender is [[Melek, Despot of Mestamor]]; his heir apparent is [[Rupen of Metsamor|Prince Rupen]].
===Lihnidosi claim===
{{main|House of Vasiliou}}
The House of Vasiliou was a leading noble house in the Lihnidosi rebellion that led to the eventual dissolution of the personal union in 1830. In the aftermath, [[Athanasios I of Lihnidos|Athanasios, King of Ithica]] became [[Monarchy of Lihnidos|Emperor of Lihnidos]]. He and his descendants have continued to claim the royal titles of Vardana, despite Lihnidsoi succession practices following a form of gender neutral succssion while Vardanan succession followed male-preference. Athanasios I declared that the titles of Vardana were tied to the Emperor or Empress of Lihnidos. The current pretender to this claim is [[Stella II of Lihnidos|Empress Stella II of Lihnidos]].
However, if this line was to follow male-preference in the Vardanan style, the current pretender would be Stella's brother, [[Prince Adrian of Lihnidos]]. His heir apparent is [[Prince Athanasios of Lihnidos]].


==Seat==
The seat of the Vardanan monarchs from 1009 until 1699 was [[Leonopolis]], with its chief residence changing over time. Aparan Palace in the Aparan district held the distinction of being the longest used residence and oldest palace still extant in the city. From 1699 until 1830, [Palace] in Xanthi, [[Lihnidos]] served as the chief royal residence, while Lauseion in Leonopolis remained the monarch's chief residence in Vardana.
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Monarchy of Bayazet]]
*[[House of Hazarasp|Hazaraspid dynasty]]
*[[Monarchy of Lihnidos]]
*[[Vardana#History|Hazaraspid Kingdom]]
*[[Monarchy of Aretias]]
*[[Monarchy of Perateia]]
*[[Count of the East]]
[[category:Vardana]]
[[category:Vardana]]

Latest revision as of 17:23, 11 May 2024

Sultan of the Hazaraspid Kingdom
Royal Badge of Vardana (Hazaraspid).svg
Royal Badge
Reza Shah portrait.jpg
Tiridates V
Details
First monarchHazarasp I
Last monarchTiridates V
Formationc.1323
Abolition5 April 1924
ResidenceTigranaberd
Pretender(s)Jorin Hazarasp

The sultan of the Hazaraspid Kingdom, who were all members of the Hazaraspid dynasty ruled over Vardana from its inception around 1323 to its dissolution in 1924 in the Vardani Revolution. At its height, the Hazaraspid kingdom spanned across territories of Vardana, Happara, and [peninsula]. It was first administered from the city of Thopsia before 1399, and them from the city of Norashen, later Hzadran and finally Metsamor from 1780 to 1924.

Historians have had difficulties discerning fact from legend in the earliest years of the dynasty's reign and its first ruler Hazarasp I. According to tradition, Hazarasp claimed desecent from a number of important or legendary figures, including [person] the legendary ruler of ancient Armavia and the final rulers of the Bayarid Empire through the Chuya, a tribe originating from the Chu River Valley in Uluujol. These traditions also claimed Hazarasp was the descendant of Ummār bint Mubashir, the son of the Prophet Mubashir. The eponymous dynasty, of 26 rules, ruled over all of what became Vardana for six centuries. The Hazaraspid Kingdom was dissolved in 1924 during the 1924 Vardani Revolution and the establishment of first Republic of Vardana.

Titles

At the onset of the dynastic kingdom, the king was referred to as Armashahs (Արմասահս; lit. "Ruler of Armava" or Shah of Armavia). As the Hazaraspids expanded into Nesilia, the rulers claimed additional titles borrowed from conquered peoples or for additional religious legitimacy. In 1432, Ardil I began to utilize the title of Sultan (Սուլթան; sult'an) as his primary title, along with Vardashah (Վարտանսահ; Shah of Vardana), which has been associated with the role of "Great King", as a key secondary title as the Hazaraspids continued to encroach on Perateian Nesilia.

Other titles claimed and utilized by the Hazaraspids include:

  • Kaysr Albaniayi (Caesar of Albania)
  • Malik
  • Xakan (Khan)

List of rulers

The "Titles" section includes titles claimed by the king. The "Notes" section includes information on each ruler's parentage, important notes, and fate. In the early kingdom, succession was primarily based upon the principle of survival of the fittest among sons of the king. This practice resulted in a large degree of infighting among the king's sons before and after his death. Succession laws changed during the reign of Tiridates I to follow a modified male-only primogeniture, which later became male-only primogeniture whereby succession followed from father to eldest son, and so on until the reign of Tiridates V and the abolition of the monarchy in 1924.

A constitution was first, reluctantly, instituted during the waning years of reign of Aram IV, and continued into the reign of Tiridates V. However, Tiridates V abolished the constitution and congress in 1921, and returned to absolute rule. This led to the Vardani revolution and the abolition of the monarchy. The current pretender is Jorin Hazarasp.

No. Ruler Portrait Reigned from Reigned until Reign length Titles Notes
25 Aram IV
Արամ ԻՎ
(1872–1924) 		Sultan Murad V., 1876.jpg 1 May 1896 3 January 1920 23 years, 247 days Sultan
Vardashah
Kaysr Albaniayi
Xakan
  • Son of Mehvesh VI and TBD
  • Reigned until his death.
26 Tiridates V
Տրդատ Դ
(1872–1924) 		Reza Shah portrait.jpg 3 January 1920 5 April 1924 4 years, 93 days Sultan
Vardashah
Kaysr Albaniayi
Xakan
  • Son of Aram IV and TBD
  • Reigned until his death.

List of pretenders

No. Pretender Portrait Pretender from Pretender until Pretender length Titles Notes
— Kaysr Jorin Gazi
Ձորին Ա
(1904–1966) 		Fazlollah zahedi.jpg 5 April 1924 9 June 1966 42 years, 65 days Sultan
Vardashah
Kaysr Albaniayi
Xakan
– Kaysr Aram Gazi
Արամ Դ
(1940–2021) 		John Rhys-Davies byVetulani.JPG 9 June 1966 23 July 2021 55 years, 44 days Sultan
Vardashah
Kaysr Albaniayi
Xakan
  • Eldest son of Kaysr Jorin Gazi and Alaia of Ghant
  • Held status as head of the Hazaraspid dynasty until death
  • Second longest reigning head of the Hazaraspid dynasty
– Kaysr Jorin Gazi
Ձորին Բ
(born 1965) 		File:Jorin Hazarasp (portrait).jpg 23 July 2021 present 3 years, 121 days Sultan
Vardashah
Kaysr Albaniayi
Xakan

See also

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