Kyievska Rus

This article is about the country. For other uses, see Kyievska Rus (disambiguation).

"UKR" redirects here. For other uses, see UKR (disambiguation).

United Kindom of Kyievska Rus Сполучене Королівство Київської Русі (Ukrainian)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  Слава Кꙑѥвьска Русьі! Героям слава! (English: "Glory to Kyievska Rus! Glory to the heroes!")
Anthem:  "Ще не вмерла Київська Русь" (English: "Kyievska Rus is not dead yet")
Location of  Kyievska Rus  (red)
Capital	Kyiv
Largest city	Moscow
Official languages	Ukrainian; Latin; Heinar̀å
Recognised regional languages	List Belarusian Baltic Crimean Tatar Czech Morol Trigedasleng Vulkina Polish Russian Icelandic
Ethnic groups (2021)	28.4% Ukrainians 10.7% Benzites 10.6% Andorians 9.80% Azgedalens 40.25% others
Religion (2019)	89.6% Christianity 9.0% Irreligion 0.8% Others 0.9% Unanswered
Demonym(s)	Rusin
Government	Federative-semi monarchy; Constitutional monarchy
• King	Jaroslav II
• President	Bohdan Mikolenko
• President of the Supreme Parliament	Artem Doubek
• President of the Council of Lords	Milan Shevchenko
Legislature	Supreme Parliament
Formation
• Slavic nomads	5000 BC
• Kingdom of Ruthenia	105 BC
• Kyievska Rus independence	January 1, 480
• Constitution of Kyievska Rus	February 18, 481
• Balkan war	20 November 1147
• Adession of Trikruw, Bardolan and Azgedal	November 8, 1256
• Second constitution of Kyievska Rus	August 24, 1564
• Act of Unity	March 22, 1789
• Accession to the World Assembly	September 27, 1945
• Referendum	1 December 1991
• Current constitution	28 June 1996
Area
• Total	950,520,352 km2 (366,997,960 sq mi)
• Water (%)	25
Population
• October 2021 estimate	90,582,000
• 2021 census	88,623,548
• Density	10.4/km2 (26.9/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$435.2 trillion
• Per capita	$76,046
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$219.872 trillion
• Per capita	$76,046
HDI (2020)	1 very high (1st)
Currency	Hryvnia (₴) (UAH)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+9743
Internet TLD	.ks .kps

Kyievska Rus (Ukrainian: Київська Русь, romanized: Kyyivsʹka Rusʹ) Kyievska Rus is the largest country in Europe and is divided into 9 regions. Its form of government is the republic that is governed by a semi-monarchical federative system, with the separation of the monarchical, executive, legislative and judicial powers. Kyievska Rus has an area of 950,520,352 km square kilometers and a population of 900,582,000 inhabitants. The city of Kyiv is the capital and the most populous city of the is Moscow, located in the Ukraine region. The official language of Kyievska Ruses the Ukrainian language and has 10 co-official languages: Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Tatar, Romanian / Moldavian, Trigedasleng, Morol, Vulkina, Czech and Baltic, corresponding to the regions of the nation.

The territory of modern Kyievska Rus has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kindom of Rutenia forming the basis of Kyievska Rus identity.The kingdom of Ruthenia was expanding and in the year 280 it conquered Czechoslovakia, the Baltic territories, the Principality of Polatsk, now called Belarus, Poland, Moldavia and Russian territory in the east. In 480 it declared its independence, not territorial, but administrative, since the Kingdom of Ruthenia was governed by the Russian zarato, coming to adopt the name of Kyievska Rus.

As a result of the independence of Kyievska Rus, a period of political instability arises due to the seizure of power and the form of government that would be adopted, until in 480 the King Ryuk of the Rurika family, becoming a totalitarian monarchy. On 481 by decree of King Peter I, the first constitution of Kyievska Rus was created, adopting fundamental rights for the entire population and the creation of regions governed by counts. In the year 1098 the Balkan War took place, which was the struggle of the forces of Kyievska Rus against a group of independentistas called, Balcuine. The war began in the year 1098 and ended on November 20, 1147, being the bloodiest and longest war in the history of Kyievska Rus. On November 8, 1240, the event known as the annexation of the three nations occurs, where Trikruw, Bardolan and Azgedal, through a referendum, decide to annex Kyievska Rus as part of the regions, being the largest territorial annexation in the country. In 1564 the constitution was reformed at the hands of King Miroslav VI founding the supreme parliament of Kyievska Rus and the parliaments of the 9 regions, likewise, he founded the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Justice and declared the independence of the four powers of the state. He also forms the council of ministers and the parliamentary elections, coming to form a semi-monarchical federal state, where the people elect the representatives of the parliaments and the supreme parliament who in turn elect the prime ministers and these the president. On March 22, 1789, the act of union between the 9 regions of Kyievska Rus was signed, thus putting an end to separatism and reaffirming democracy in the nation. On September 27, 1945 he joined as a creative member of the World Assembly, on December 1, 1991 the union referendum is held to reaffirm the union of the nation and on June 28, 1996 the constitution is reformed and is the one that currently it is maintained.

Kyievska Rus has an GDP of 1 being the first place in the world ranking, having 0% poverty and having a population with a minimum wage of $ 76,046. The national currency since 470 has been the Hryvnia, it is the most powerful currency in the world and one of the most stable. The very strong Rusin economy, worth $219.872 trillion Гривняs a year, is broadly diversified and led by the Information Technology industry, with major contributions from Beef-Based Agriculture, Tourism, and Book Publishing. Average income is 76,043 Гривняs, and evenly distributed, with the richest citizens earning only 2.6 times as much as the poorest. The medium-sized, outspoken government prioritizes Education, with Defense, Healthcare, and Welfare also on the agenda. The average income tax rate is 31.8%.

Etymology and orthography

Main article: Name of Kyievska Rus

There are different hypotheses as to the etymology of the name Kyievska Rus. According to the older widespread hypothesis, it means "Land of Kyiv", while some more recent linguistic studies claim a different meaning: "homeland" or "region, country". The language of Kyievska Rus is due in large part to the fact that the capital of the Kingdom of Ruthenia was Kyiv, thus arising legends that would lead to the name.

Geography

View of Carpathian National Park and Hoverla at 2,061 m (6,762 ft), the highest mountain in the region of Ukraine

Kyievska Rus is a large country in Eastern Europe, lying mostly in the East European Plain. It is the first-largest European. The highest point of Kyievska Rus is Mount Elbrus.

The landscape of Kyievska Rus consists mostly of fertile plains (or steppes) and plateaus, crossed by rivers such as the Dnieper (Dnipro), Seversky Donets, Dniester and the Southern Bug as they flow south into the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. To the southwest, the delta of the Danube. Kyievska Rus various regions have diverse geographic features ranging from the highlands to the lowlands. Due to the extension of Kyievska Rus, it has several mountain ranges such as the Urals and the Carpathians.

Significant natural resources in Kyievska Rus include iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber and an abundance of arable land. More than 40% of Kyievska Rus are still forests, this due to the management for adaptation to the environment by citizens guided by the government.

Climate

Kyievska Rus has a mostly temperate climate, with the exception of the southern coasts such as Crimea which has a subtropical climate. The climate is influenced by moderately warm, humid air coming from the Atlantic Ocean. Average annual temperatures range from −5–24 °C (23.0–75.2 °F) in the north, to 11–25 °C (51.8–77.0 °F) in the south. Precipitation is disproportionately distributed; it is highest in the west and north and lowest in the east and southeast. Western Kyievska Rus, particularly in the Carpathian Mountains, receives around 1,200 millimetres (47.2 in) of precipitation annually, while Crimea and the coastal areas receive around 400 millimetres (15.7 in).

Politics

Kyievska Rus is a federation under a mixed semi-monarchy with separate Moarchic branch, legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Constitution of Kyievska Rus

Main article: Constitution of Kyievska Rus

In the modern era, Kyievska Rus has become the most democratic country. The people being the one who elects their representatives in the regional parliament and the supreme parliament, they elect the prime ministers and the prime ministers the president, always the parliaments having the power to make the voice of the people heard. The King is the only one who is not democratically elected.

With the proclamation of its independence on 1 January 480, and adoption of a constitution on 18 February 481, Kyievska Rus became a semi-monarchy federative republic. However, in 1564 the King introduced changes to the Constitution, which tipped the balance of power in favour of a parliamentary system. In the amendments of 1564, oblasts and regional parliaments were formed, as well as mayors, the people coming to have greater control over the nation's socio-political problems. Based on the constitution, only the King or the Supreme Parliament can modify the constitution with the exception of certain paragraphs such as the second where the rights of the people are proclaimed, the one that is protected with the highest type of protection, a referendum in the entire nation.

King, president, parliament and government

The King of Kyievska Rus is the leader of the nation and his powers are conferred in section number six of the constitution of Kyievska Rus. The King has unlimited powers except for those who violate section two of the Kyievska Rus constitution. The King is in charge of keeping the nation united, he can declare laws and is the representative of the nation to the outside world.

The President is elected by the council of ministers for a period of two years and is the formal head of the executive branch. His functions are shared with the council of ministers with whom they exercise the powers established in the constitution of Kyievska Rus. The president signs the laws and has the ability to request the reform of the laws, he represents, together with the King, Kyievska Rus, among other powers.

The legislative branch is made up of the supreme parliament and the nine regional parliaments where its members are elected by popular election for a period of five years each. The regional parlamients have 250 deputies while the supreme parliament has 675 deputies distributed by 75 deputies per region. The parliament is primarily responsible for the statement of laws.

Cabinet of Ministers building

Laws, acts of the parliament and the cabinet, presidential decrees, and acts of the Regional parliaments may be abrogated by the Constitutional Court, should they be found to violate the constitution. Other normative acts are subject to judicial review. The Supreme Court is the main body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction. Local self-government is officially guaranteed. Local councils and city mayors are popularly elected and exercise control over local budgets. The prime ministers of the regions are elected by the regional parliaments and these will be part of the council of ministers.

Courts and law enforcement

Main articles: Judicial system of Kyievska Rus and Law enforcement in Kyievska Rus

Palace of Frederick II, grand duke of Baden, today seat of the Federal Court of Justice of Kyievska Rus

The courts enjoy legal, financial and constitutional freedom guaranteed by Kyievska Rus law since 1564. Judges are largely well protected from dismissal (except in the instance of gross misconduct). Court justices are appointed by a king decree for an initial period of five years, after which Kyievan's Supreme Council confirms their positions for life. The Supreme Court is regarded as an independent and impartial body, has enforced the law on any political position or familiarity.

Kyievska Rus is the safest nation in the world where there is only 1 murder per violent form every 50 years. The death penalty in Kyievska Rus was abolished since 1777. Since 30 January 1890 it has been permissible to hold court proceedings in the regional language by mutual consent of the parties. Citizens unable to speak Ukrainian may use their native language or the services of a translator.

Law enforcement agencies in Kyievska Rus are organised under the authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. They consist primarily of the national police force and various specialised units and agencies such as the State Border Guard and the Coast Guard services. The Ministry of Internal Affairs is also responsible for the maintenance of the State Security Service; Kyievan's domestic intelligence agency.

Foreign relations

Main articles: Foreign relations of Kyievska Rus, International membership of Kyievska Rus, and The World Bank in Kyievska Rus

Kyievska Rus is one of the permanent members of the security council of the world assembly. Historically, Kyievska Rus joined the World Assembly in 1945 as one of the original members. Kyievska Rus has consistently supported peaceful, negotiated settlements to disputes. It has participated in the quadripartite talks on the conflict in France, Spain or America and promoted a peaceful resolution to conflicts. Kyievska Rus also has made a substantial contribution to UN peacekeeping operations since 1992.

Kyievska Rus has several international treaties that guarantee her participation in international politics. Kyievska Rus is considered a very important ally for various countries, which is why there are several treaties such as the Treaty of Friendship and cooperation with the UK, among others.Kyievska Rus long had close ties with all its neighbours, having economic and open space agreements.

In 1960 the space research and exploration treaty was signed, which is based on solidarity for the knowledge and exploration of the universe with countries such as France, Spain, the United States or Canada.

Armed Forces

Main article: Armed Forces of Kyievska Rus

Emblem of the armed forces of Kyievska Rus

Since the independence of Kyievska Rus, its weapons have been expanded and improved, divided into four branches, land, sea, air and space, being the most powerful armed forces in the world. It contains approximately 40,000 nuclear weapons, 900,000 photon weapons, 54 red matter weapons, and other weapons. The ground armed forces are made up of 1,000,000 ground forces, 500,000 sailors, 700,000 airmen and 650,000 space forces. The armed forces have more than 3 million combat robots. Space forces are divided into five command branches, tactical, engineering, exploration, and scientific.

Kyievska Rus has been playing an increasingly larger role in peacekeeping operations. From the peacekeepers in Kosovo to Venezuela, Kyievska Rus has dedicated herself to using her armed forces for the good of the people and ensuring the peace of nations. Military units of other states participate in multinational military exercises with Kyievan Rus forces in Kyievska Rus regularly, including U.S. military forces.

Following independence, Kyievska Rus declared itself a neutral state. The country has had a limited military partnership with United States, other CIS countries and a partnership with NATO since 1956. In 1993, Kyievska Rus joined the Planetary Research Federation to search for extraterrestrial species and to ensure peace in the universe.

Administrative divisions

Kyievska Rus regional division

Main articles: Administrative divisions of Kyievska Rus and Kyievska Rus historical regions

The system of Kyievska Rus subdivisions reflects the country's status as a federative state (as stated in the country's constitution) with unified legal and administrative regimes for each unit.The administrative-territorial structure of the nation is made up of: republics, provinces, districts, cities, towns and villages.

Kyievska Rus has nine regions: Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Trikruw, Azgedal, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bardolan and the Baltic. Populated places in Ukraine are split into two categories: urban and rural. Urban populated places are split further into cities and urban-type settlements (a Soviet administrative invention), while rural populated places consist of villages and settlements (a generally used term). All cities have certain degree of self-rule depending on their significance such as national significance (as in the case of Kyiv), regional significance (within each oblast or region) or provinces significance (all the rest of cities). A city's significance depends on several factors such as its population, socio-economic and historical importance, infrastructure and others. Kyievska Rus is divided into 458 oblasts divided as follows: Moldova 32, Ukraine 76, Belarus 6, Poland 17, Czechoslovakia 21, Baltic 34, Trikruw 57, Bardolan 96 and Azgedal 119.

Demographics

Ukrainians in traditional costume

Main articles: Demographics of Kyievska Rus, Rusins, and Kyievan Rus diaspora

As of October 2021, Kyievska Rus has an estimated population of 9,885,623,548, and is the most populous country in Europe. Kyievska Rus has a population density of 10.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (26.9/sq mi per square mile), and the overall life expectancy in the country at birth is 100 years (97 years for males and 102 years for females).

Composition of Kyievska Rus by ethnicity
Ukrainians			28.4%
Benzites			10.73%
Andorians			10.67%
Azgedalens			9.80%
Vidiians			8.9%
Poles			8.05%
Trill			6.15%
Russians			4.24%
Others			13.06%

According to the 2021 census, ethnic Ukrainians make up to 28.4% of the population, while Benzites are the largest minority, at some 10.73% of the population. Minority populations include: Belarusians, Moldovans, Poles, Andorians, etcetera.

Language

Main articles: Demographics of Kyievska Rus, Rusins, and Languages in Kyievska Rus

According to the constitution of Kyievska Rus the official language of Kyievska Rus is Ukrainian which is spoken by 100% of the population in all regions and is the state language. There are 9 co-official languages in Kyievska Rus, Russian, Crimean Tatar, Baltic, Polish, Czech, Belarusian, Moldovan / Romanian, Morol, Trigedasleng and Vulkina. The co-official languages mostly belong to the different regions and are widely used in them except for Tatar and Russian which are co-official languages within the Ukraine region where the official language of the region is Ukrainian.

Regional languages are only taught in the regions and / or in certain oblasts of the regions, while Ukrainian is widely used. Ukrainian was already spoken in the Kingdom of Ruthenia and was officially adopted by Kyievska Rus in 990, thus becoming the oldest official language in the world.

Religion

The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the main Christian cathedrals in Ukraine

Kyievska Rus has the world's largest Eastern Orthodox population. A 2021 survey conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found that 86% of rusins declared themselves to be religious, while 3% were atheists, and a further 2% found it difficult to answer the question. The level of religiosity in Kyievska Rus was reported to be the highest in the region of Ukraine with 97% followed by Belarus with 96% and the lowest was Czechoslovakia with 74%.

In 2021, 89.6% of rusins were Christians; out of which 72.7% declared themselves to be Roman Catholics, 11.4% Orthodox, 2.3% Protestants and 0.9% Greek Rite Catholics. 2.3% other Christians. Judaism, Islam and Hinduism were the religions of 0.2% of the population each.

Culture

Main article: Kyievan Rus culture

A collection of traditional Slavic Easter eggs – pysanky. The design motifs on pysanky date back to early Slavic cultures.

Rushnyk, Ukrainian embroidery

Kyievska Rus is a culturally diverse nation where more than 10 cultures coexist daily in the different regions of the nation. The predominant culture is the Ukrainian followed by the Benzite culture and the Andorian culture.The typical costumes vary according to the region, however they are influenced mainly by Slavic and Germanic peoples, as well as by religion and ancient groups. The tradition of the Easter egg, known as pysanky, has long roots in Kyievska RUs. These eggs were drawn on with wax to create a pattern; then, the dye was applied to give the eggs their pleasant colours, the dye did not affect the previously wax-coated parts of the egg. After the entire egg was dyed, the wax was removed leaving only the colourful pattern. This tradition is thousands of years old, and precedes the arrival of Christianity to Kyievska Rus. The typical food of Kyievska Rus is varied having dishes such as Borshch or Vanočka as essential for the national holidays. The typical costumes are mostly decorated with embroidery of various colors such as flowers or geometric shapes.