Catabolic Crisis

Catabolic Crisis
Graph of global mean temperatures from 1000 BCE to 2000 BCE with the sharp global cooling of the Catabolic Crisis shown in blue
Time	1348–1353 (approximate estimate); long-term effects lasting throughout the 14th century
Place	Worldwide, especially in the Northern Hemisphere (Abaria, Calesia, North Hylasia)
Event	Impact winter caused by the Catabole with maximum global mean temperature drop of 2.7 °C (4.9 °F)

The Catabolic Crisis, historically referred to as the Years Without Summer, was a period in Calesian history and to a broader extent world history from 1348 to 1353 marked by extreme weather and subsequently ensuing economic, political, and social strife; Calesia and Hylasia in particular were the most severly affected regions.

The historic and scientific consensus is that the main cause of the crisis is the 1348 Catabole, an asteroid impact event in the X that devastated vast swaths of Calesia, East Abaria and North Hylasia and initiated an impact winter. While several other causes have been proposed and are still debated, it is generally accepted that the vaporization of enormous quantities of gypsum from the shallow seabed of the impact site and their subsequent dispersal into the atmosphere cooled the planet. Recent climate modeling suggests the global climate underwent a cooling of about 2.7 °C (4.9 °F) during the first four years before returning to less than 1 °C (1.8 °F) within a decade; for that reason, experts have proposed alternative timespans to denote the crisis from about 1350 to 1450.

Summer temperatures in Calesia during that period were the coldest of any on record between 1000 BCE and 2000 BCE, and the same is the case for Abarian history. The immediate result was widespread crop failure and the swift spread of famine. Countries in Calesia that were still trying to recuperate following the devastating Catabole, such as Hyacinthe, X, and X, suffered significant hardships and battled a popular uprising amidst food shortages. The famine was the second-worst to affect Calesia after the Famine of 1290. Concurrently, abhorrent sanitary conditions and chronic malnourishment paved the way for a devastating epidemic of cholera and bubonic plague from 1350 to 1353.

The crisis had profound effects on the course of world history. The eras of prosperity of multiple Calesian powers such as Waldrich and X were cut short by the events, the Robindian Civil War in Falland ended inconclusively, and in Elia Australis, the chaos allowed the Huecean Empire to eventually rise to power. Estimates on the number of deaths range considerably, but at least 25–50 million (30% to 60%) of Calesia's population, and about 130 million (35%) of the entire world population fell victim to the causes and their related effects.

Chronology

Causes and Catabole impact

Main article: Catabole

See also

• Catabole