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{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
| name = Communist Party of the Soviet Union
| name = Communist Party of the Soviet Union
| native_name = Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза
| native_name = {{nowrap|Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза}}
| native_name_lang = ru  
| native_name_lang = ru  
| logo = Hammer and sickle-2022.png
| logo = Hammer and Sickle (CPSU).svg
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_size = 150px
| caption = The {{wp|Hammer and sickle}} and {{wp|Red star}} is often used as a symbol of the CPSU.
| caption =  
| colorcode =      red
| colorcode =      red
| abbreviation =    CPSU
| abbreviation =    CPSU<br>{{lang|ru|КПСС}}
| general_secretary = [[Sabrican Garayev]]
| general_secretary = [[Sabrican Garayev]]
| founded = {{start date|1912|01}}
| founded = {{start date|1912|01|05}}{{efn|
| split = {{wp|Russian Social Democratic Labour Party}}
:{{wp|2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|August 1903}} (as faction of the RSDLP)
| predecessor = RSDLP
:{{wp|Prague Conference|January 1912}} (split with the RSDLP)
| headquarters = 4 {{wp|Starya Square}}, [[Moscow (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Moscow]]
:May 1917 (separate VII congress held)
:8 March 1918 (official name change)
}}
| split =
| predecessor = {{wp|Bolsheviks|Bolshevik faction}} of the {{wp|RSDLP}}
| headquarters = 4 {{wp|Staraya Square}}, [[Moscow (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Moscow]]
| newspaper = [[Pravda (TheodoresTomfooleries)|''Pravda'']]
| newspaper = [[Pravda (TheodoresTomfooleries)|''Pravda'']]
| student_wing =  
| student_wing =  
| youth_wing = {{nowrap|[[Little Octobrists (TheodoresTomfooleries)|''Little Octobrists'']] (Ages 7-9)<br> [[All-Union Pioneer Organization (TheodoresTomfooleries)|''Young Pioneers'']] (Ages 9-14)<br>[[Komsomol (TheodoresTomfooleries)|''Komsomol'']] (Ages 14 - 28)}}
| youth_wing = {{nowrap|[[Little Octobrists (TheodoresTomfooleries)|''Little Octobrists'']] (Ages 7-9)<br> [[All-Union Pioneer Organization (TheodoresTomfooleries)|''Young Pioneers'']] (Ages 9-14)<br>[[Komsomol (TheodoresTomfooleries)|''Komsomol'']] (Ages 14 - 28)}}
| membership_year = 2019
| membership_year = 2023
| membership = {{increase}} 21,320,201
| membership = {{increase}} 37,192,980
| ideology = '''{{wp|Marxism-Leninism}}'''<br>
| ideology = '''{{wp|Communism}}'''<br>
*{{wp|Communism}}
{{ubl|
*{{wp|Scientific communism}}
* {{wp|Marxism-Leninism}}
*{{wp|Scientific socialism}}
* {{wp|Socialist patriotism}} ({{wp|Soviet patriotism|Soviet}})
*{{wp|Socialist patriotism}}
}}
*{{wp|Soviet patriotism}}
| position = {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}
| position = {{wp|Far-left politics|Far-left}}
| affiliation1_title = National affiliations
| affiliation1_title = Subnational affiliation
| affiliation1 = {{Collapsible list|title=List of<br> affiliated parties{{nowrap|
| affiliation1 = {{Collapsible list|title=List|
|[[Communist Party of Russia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Russia]]
* [[Communist Party of Russia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Russia]]
|[[Communist Party of Byelorussia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
* [[Communist Party of Byelorussia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|[[Communist Party of Ukraine (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Ukraine]]
* [[Communist Party of Ukraine (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Ukraine]]
|[[Communist Party of Kazakhstan (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Kazakhstan]]
* [[Communist Party of Kazakhstan (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Kazakhstan]]
|[[Communist Party of Kirghizia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Kirghizia]]
* [[Communist Party of Kirghizia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Kirghizia]]
|[[Communist Party of Uzbekistan (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Uzbekistan]]
* [[Communist Party of Uzbekistan (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Uzbekistan]]
|[[Communist Party of Tajikistan (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Tajikistan]]
* [[Communist Party of Tajikistan (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Tajikistan]]
|[[Communist Party of Turkmenia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Turkmenia]]
* [[Communist Party of Turkmenia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Turkmenia]]
|[[Communist Party of Azerbaijan (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Azerbaijan]]
* [[Communist Party of Azerbaijan (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Azerbaijan]]
|[[Communist Party of Armenia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Armenia]]
* [[Communist Party of Armenia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Armenia]]
|[[Communist Party of Kartvelia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Kartvelia]]
* [[Communist Party of Kartvelia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Kartvelia]]
|[[Communist Party of Moldavia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Moldavia]]
* [[Communist Party of Moldavia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Moldavia]]
|[[Communist Party of Estonia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Estonia]]
* [[Communist Party of Estonia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Estonia]]
|[[Communist Party of Latvia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Latvia]]
* [[Communist Party of Latvia (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Latvia]]
|[[Communist Party of Lithuania (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Lithuania]]
* [[Communist Party of Lithuania (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of Lithuania]]
}}}}
}}
| slogan = {{wp|Workers of the world, unite!}}
|international = {{wp|IMCWP}}
| anthem = {{wp|The Internationale}}
|national = {{wp|Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans}}
| slogan = {{nowrap|"{{wp|Workers of the world, unite!}}"}}
| anthem = "{{wp|The Internationale}}"{{efn|{{lang-ru|Интернациона́л|Internatsionál}}}}{{parabr}}[[File:Internationale-ru.ogg|175px]]
| blank1_title =  
| blank1_title =  
| blank1 =  
| blank1 =  
Line 53: Line 59:
| blank4_title =  
| blank4_title =  
| blank4 =  
| blank4 =  
| seats1_title =  
| seats1_title = [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Supreme Soviet]]
| seats1 =         <!-- {{Infobox political party/seats|50|100|hex=#ff0000}} -->
| seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|1749|2000|hex=#D40000}}
| seats2_title =  
| seats2_title = [[Soviet of Nationalities (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Soviet of Nationalities]]
| seats2 =  
| seats2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|874|1000|hex=#D40000}}
| seats3_title =  
| seats3_title = [[Soviet of the Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Soviet of the Union]]
| seats3 =  
| seats3 = {{Infobox political party/seats|875|1000|hex=#D40000}}
| seats4_title =  
| seats4_title =  
| seats4 =          <!-- up to |seats15= -->
| seats4 =          <!-- up to |seats15= -->
| flag = CPSU_Flag-2022.png
| flag = Flag of the CPSU.svg
| website = en.cpsu.su
| website = en.kpss.su
| country = [[Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Soviet Union]]
| country = [[Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Soviet Union]]
| country_dab1 =  
| country_dab1 =  
Line 73: Line 79:
| footnotes =  
| footnotes =  
}}
}}
The '''Communist Party of the Soviet Union''' ('''CPSU'''), {{wp|Colloquialism|colloquially}} ''"the party"'', is the founding and {{wp|ruling party}} of the [[Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]]. It is among the largest political parties in the world, with a reported membership of 21.32 million in 2019, and it is the second largest {{wp|Marxist-Leninist}} political party worldwide. The CPSU is constitutionally the "leading and guiding force of the Soviet society" and holds a political monopoly regarding politics.
The '''Communist Party of the Soviet Union'''{{efn|''In the official republic-level languages of the Soviet Union''<br>
{{ubl|
* {{lang-ru|Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза|Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza}}
* {{lang-uk|Комуністична партія Радянського Союзу|Komunistychna partiya Radyanskoho Soyuzu}}
* {{lang-be|Камуністычная партыя Савецкага Саюза|Kamunistychnaya partyya Savetskaha Sayuza}}
* {{lang-uz|Совет Иттифоқи Коммунистик партияси|Sovet Ittifoqi Kommunistik partiyasi}}
* {{lang-kk|Кеңес Одағы Коммунистік Партиясы|Kenges Odağy Kommunīstik Partīyasy}}
* {{lang-ka|საბჭოთა კავშირის კომუნისტური პარტია|Sabch'ota Kavshiris Komunist'uri Partia}}
* {{lang-az|Совет Иттифагы Коммuнист Pартияасы|Sovet Ittifaqy Kommunist Partiyasy|italic=no}}
* {{lang-lt|Tarybų Sąjungos komunistų partija}}
* {{lang-ro|Партидул Комунист ал Униуний Советиче|Partidul Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice|italic=no}}
* {{lang-lv|Padomju Savienības Komunistiskā partija}}
* {{lang-ky|Коммунисттик Партиясы Советтик Союзунун|Kommunisttik Partiyasy Sovettik Soyuznun}}
* {{lang-tg|Ҳизби коммунисти Иттиҳоди Шӯравӣ|Hizbi kommunisti Ittihodi Shŭraví}}
* {{lang-hy|Խորհրդային Միության կոմունիստական կուսակցությու|Khorhrdayin Miut'yan Komunistakan Kusakts'ut'yun}}
* {{lang-tk|Совет Сойузйң Коммунистик партийасы|Sovet Soyuzynyng Kommunistik partiyasy|italic=no}}
* {{lang-et|Nõukogude Liidu Kommunistlik Partei}}
}}}} ('''CPSU''') is the founding and {{wp|one-party state|sole-legal party}} of the [[Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Soviet Union]]. The [[Library:Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1977)|Soviet constitution]] gives the CPSU a monopoly on all political and state power. Soviet press often refer to the CPSU as simply "the Party" ({{lang|ru|партия}}). As of 2023, the CPSU has more than 37 million members, which makes it among the {{wp|List of largest political parties|largest political parties by membership in the world}}.
 
The CPSU was founded as the {{wp|Bolshevik}} faction of the {{wp|Russian Social Democratic Labour Party}} (RSDLP) in 1903. Under the leadership of Russian revolutionary {{wp|Vladimir Lenin}}, the Bolsheviks overthrew the {{wp|Russian Provisional Government}} in {{wp|October Revolution|October 1917}} and established the first {{wp|communist state}} in history. It reorganized itself first as the '''Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)''' and then as the '''All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)''' after the {{wp|Treaty of Creation of the USSR|union of the soviet republics}}, becoming the sole ruling party in the Soviet Union.  


The CPSU can trace its roots directly to the {{wp|Russian Social Democratic Labour Party}}, a {{wp|Marxist}} group founded in late 19th century {{wp|Russian Empire|Imperial Russia}}. {{wp|Vladimir Lenin}} joined the party before its {{wp|2nd Congress of the RSDLP|2nd congress}} in July-August 1903. The congress resulted in the party splitting into two factions, brought on by a dispute over whether the party should be of professional revolutionaries or if membership should be loose. Lenin lead the {{wp|Bolsheviks}}, a faction of radical revolutionary socialists which called for society to be organized based on {{wp|democratic centralism}} and for the revolution to be organized by a {{wp|Vanguardism|vanguard party}} while the {{wp|Mensheviks}}, while still revolutionary, were much more liberal and tame in their approach. By 1912, the Bolsheviks unofficially (and secretly) split off from the RSDLP, founding the RSDLP (Bolsheviks) at the {{wp|Prague Conference}}. The Bolsheviks largely remained sidelined to the Mensheviks and the {{wp|Socialist Revolutionary Party|Social Revolutionaries}} (SRs) until the {{wp|February Revolution}}. The Bolsheviks would go on to sieze control of Petrograd (now [[Leningrad (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Leningrad]]) in a largely bloodless revolt in November 1917 ({{wp|Old System and New System|O.S.}} October}}, in what would be known as the {{wp|October Revolution|Great October Socialist Revolution}}. The revolution was not universally recognised as legitimate and as a result the {{wp|Russian Civil War}} broke out between the Bolsheviks and the {{wp|White movement}}; by then the party had de-facto split off entirely from the RSDLP- this was made official on 8 March, 1918 with a name change at the {{wp|7th Congress of the RSDLP|7th congress}}.  
The CPSU is a {{wp|Marxist-Leninist}} {{wp|communist party}} organised on the basis of {{wp|democratic centralism}}. The highest institution of the CPSU is the [[Congress of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Party Congress]], which convenes every five years and elects the [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]]. The Central Committee oversees party affairs between party congresses and elects the [[Politburo of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Politburo]] and [[Secretariat of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Secretariat]], and appoints the [[General Secretary of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|General Secretary]], the highest party office. It considers itself the "party of the entire people", has disavowed {{wp|class conflict}}, and emphasizes {{wp|Soviet patriotism}}. The CPSU participates in the annual {{wp|International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Party}}.
== History ==
=== Names ===
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union originated as the {{wp|Bolshevik}} faction of the {{wp|Russian Social Democratic Labour Party}}.
Following the {{wp|Prague Conference}}, which the Bolsheviks claimed leadership of the RSDLP, the RSDLP titled itself the '''Russian Social Democratic Labour Party''' (Bolsheviks) ({{lang-ru|Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (большевиков)}}, or '''RSDLP(b).''' This name continued until 8 March 1918, when the party renamed itself to the '''Russian Communist Party''' (Bolsheviks) ({{lang-ru|Российская коммунистическая партия (большевиков)}})). Shortly after the {{wp|Treaty of Creation of the USSR|creation of the Soviet Union}}, the party renamed itself again on 31 December 1925 to the '''All-Union Communist Party''' ({{lang-ru|Всесоюзная коммунистическая партия (большевиков)}}). Shortly before Stalin's death, on 14 October 1952, the party was renamed finally to the '''Communist Party of the Soviet Union'''.


The Bolsheviks would go on to declare the [[Russian SFSR (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Russian Soviet Republic]], later renamed to the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, as well as set up and support numerous {{wp|Soviet republic (system of government)|soviet republics}} across the former Russian Empire. In December 1922, the {{wp|Treaty of Creation of the Soviet Union|Treaty of Creation}} was signed, which united the signatories into a socialist federation known as the Soviet Union. Lenin died in 1924 due to complications brought on by a series of {{wp|strokes}} the previous years. {{wp|Joseph Stalin}} succeeded him and turned the [[General Secretary of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|General Secretary]] into the most powerful position in the Soviet Union. In 1925, the Russian Communist Party (B) was renamed to the All-Union Communist Party (B)- a name which it stuck with until 1952. Stalin centralized the party and gave it greater authority over the Soviet government and people. By 1929 the party had broken away from {{wp|Leninism}} in favor of {{wp|Marxism-Leninism}}, an ideology synthesized by Stalin throughout the 1920s. The party was also unofficially {{wp|Stalinist}} until 1956, though Stalinism is not considered to be its own ideology. The party got its present name in 1952, less than a year before Stalin's death.
=== Early history (1898-1924) ===
=== Stalin era (1924-1953) ===
=== Post-Stalin era (1953-1984) ===
=== Romanov era and modern history (1984 -) ===


The CPSU follows the principles of Marxism-Leninism, {{wp|Socialism in one country}}, and {{wp|Democratic centralism}}. The [[Congress of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Party Congress]] is the highest authority in the party, though when it is not in session the [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]] takes charge; even then the Central Committee does not meet often, so day-to-day authority is trusted to the [[Politburo of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Party Politburo]]. The General Secretary is the highest authority in the party and subsequently is the unofficial leader of the Soviet Union.
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

Latest revision as of 06:28, 21 August 2024

Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза
AbbreviationCPSU
КПСС
General SecretarySabrican Garayev
FoundedJanuary 5, 1912 (1912-01-05)[a]
Preceded byBolshevik faction of the RSDLP
Headquarters4 Staraya Square, Moscow
NewspaperPravda
Youth wingLittle Octobrists (Ages 7-9)
Young Pioneers (Ages 9-14)
Komsomol (Ages 14 - 28)
Membership (2023)Increase 37,192,980
IdeologyCommunism
Political positionFar-left
National affiliationBloc of Communists and Non-Partisans
International affiliationIMCWP
Subnational affiliation
List
Slogan"Workers of the world, unite!"
Anthem"The Internationale"[b]
Supreme Soviet
1,749 / 2,000
Soviet of Nationalities
874 / 1,000
Soviet of the Union
875 / 1,000
Party flag
Flag of the CPSU.svg
Website
en.kpss.su

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union[c] (CPSU) is the founding and sole-legal party of the Soviet Union. The Soviet constitution gives the CPSU a monopoly on all political and state power. Soviet press often refer to the CPSU as simply "the Party" (партия). As of 2023, the CPSU has more than 37 million members, which makes it among the largest political parties by membership in the world.

The CPSU was founded as the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) in 1903. Under the leadership of Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian Provisional Government in October 1917 and established the first communist state in history. It reorganized itself first as the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and then as the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) after the union of the soviet republics, becoming the sole ruling party in the Soviet Union.

The CPSU is a Marxist-Leninist communist party organised on the basis of democratic centralism. The highest institution of the CPSU is the Party Congress, which convenes every five years and elects the Central Committee. The Central Committee oversees party affairs between party congresses and elects the Politburo and Secretariat, and appoints the General Secretary, the highest party office. It considers itself the "party of the entire people", has disavowed class conflict, and emphasizes Soviet patriotism. The CPSU participates in the annual International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Party.

History

Names

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union originated as the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Following the Prague Conference, which the Bolsheviks claimed leadership of the RSDLP, the RSDLP titled itself the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) (Russian: Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (большевиков), or RSDLP(b). This name continued until 8 March 1918, when the party renamed itself to the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (Russian: Российская коммунистическая партия (большевиков))). Shortly after the creation of the Soviet Union, the party renamed itself again on 31 December 1925 to the All-Union Communist Party (Russian: Всесоюзная коммунистическая партия (большевиков)). Shortly before Stalin's death, on 14 October 1952, the party was renamed finally to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Early history (1898-1924)

Stalin era (1924-1953)

Post-Stalin era (1953-1984)

Romanov era and modern history (1984 -)

Notes

  1. ↑
    August 1903 (as faction of the RSDLP)
    January 1912 (split with the RSDLP)
    May 1917 (separate VII congress held)
    8 March 1918 (official name change)
  2. ↑ Russian: Интернациона́л, romanized: Internatsionál
  3. ↑ In the official republic-level languages of the Soviet Union
      • Russian: Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza
      • Ukrainian: Комуністична партія Радянського Союзу, romanized: Komunistychna partiya Radyanskoho Soyuzu
      • Belarusian: Камуністычная партыя Савецкага Саюза, romanized: Kamunistychnaya partyya Savetskaha Sayuza
      • Uzbek: Совет Иттифоқи Коммунистик партияси, romanized: Sovet Ittifoqi Kommunistik partiyasi
      • Kazakh: Кеңес Одағы Коммунистік Партиясы, romanized: Kenges Odağy Kommunīstik Partīyasy
      • Template:Language with name
      • Azerbaijani: Совет Иттифагы Коммuнист Pартияасы, romanized: Sovet Ittifaqy Kommunist Partiyasy
      • Template:Lang-lt
      • Romanian: Партидул Комунист ал Униуний Советиче, romanized: Partidul Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice
      • Latvian: Padomju Savienības Komunistiskā partija
      • Kyrgyz: Коммунисттик Партиясы Советтик Союзунун, romanized: Kommunisttik Partiyasy Sovettik Soyuznun
      • Tajik: Ҳизби коммунисти Иттиҳоди Шӯравӣ, romanized: Hizbi kommunisti Ittihodi Shŭraví
      • Armenian: Խորհրդային Միության կոմունիստական կուսակցությու, romanized: Khorhrdayin Miut'yan Komunistakan Kusakts'ut'yun
      • Turkmen: Совет Сойузйң Коммунистик партийасы, romanized: Sovet Soyuzynyng Kommunistik partiyasy
      • Template:Lang-et
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