Kai-07 Raiden: Difference between revisions
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*{{flag|Daobac}} | *{{flag|Daobac}} | ||
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|manufacturer = | |manufacturer = {{wp|Kawasaki_Aerospace_Company|Kiyohana Aerospace Industries}}<br>[[Mach Aerospace]] | ||
|first flight= 1992 | |first flight= 1992 | ||
|introduction= Kai-07A - 2000<br>Kai-07C - 2015 | |introduction= Kai-07A - 2000<br>Kai-07C - 2015 | ||
|retired= <!-- retired--> | |retired= <!-- retired--> | ||
|status= In production and in service | |status= In production and in service | ||
|primary user= [[ | |primary user= [[Republic of Tsurushima Air Force]]<br>[[Republic of Tsurushima Navy]]<br>[[Daoan Congressional Republic Air Force|Daoan Air Force]] | ||
|more users= | |more users= | ||
|produced= {{flagicon|Tsurushima}} | |produced= {{flagicon|Tsurushima}} 1999 – present<br>{{flagicon|Daobac}} 2012 – present | ||
|number built= TBD | |number built= TBD | ||
|developed from= {{wp|F-15 Eagle|Kai-79 Hayabusa}}<br>{{wp|F-15E Strike Eagle| | |developed from= {{wp|F-15 Eagle|Kai-79 Hayabusa}}<br>{{wp|F-15E Strike Eagle|Kai-79ko Umiwashi}}<br>{{wp|AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo|MV-25 Eagle}} | ||
|variants with their own articles= | |variants with their own articles= | ||
}} | }} | ||
|} | |} | ||
The '''Kai-07 ''Raiden''''' ({{wp|Japanese Language|Tsurushiman}}: ''雷電'', ''Translates to: Lightning Bolt'') is an all weather, {{wp|twinjet|twin-engine}}, {{wp|carrier-based aircraft|carrier-capable}}, {{wp|multirole combat aircraft}} designed and developed by [[Tsurushima]]. The program was initiated and led by the Tsurushiman government in 1987, until [[Daobac]] petitioned to join the program in 2006 to co-develop new variants of the Raiden. Since then Tsurushima held 75% of the program shares whereas Daobac held the remaining | The '''Kai-07 ''Raiden''''' ({{wp|Japanese Language|Tsurushiman}}: ''雷電'', ''Translates to: Lightning Bolt'') is an all weather, {{wp|twinjet|twin-engine}}, {{wp|carrier-based aircraft|carrier-capable}}, {{wp|multirole combat aircraft}} designed and developed by [[Tsurushima]]. The program was initiated and led by the Tsurushiman government in 1987, until [[Daobac]] petitioned to join the program in 2006 to co-develop new variants of the Raiden. Since then Tsurushima held 75% of the program shares whereas Daobac held the remaining 25%. Tsurushima required a fighter that was lighter and smaller than the {{wp|F-15 Eagle|Kai-79 Hayabusa}} and {{wp|F-15E Strike Eagle|Kai-79ko}} but also possess advanced characteristics that would make it as a competitive alternative to the heavier and more expensive Kai-79 and quicker to scramble. The original version of the Raiden, the Kai-07A was categorized as a {{wp|fourth-generation fighter|4.5 generation fighter}} however its most recent incarnation, the Kai-07C (Raiden-C) is considered as a {{wp|Fourth-generation fighter#4.5 generation|4.5+ generation}} due to the number of quality of life improvements and low-observable features implemented into it. The Raiden was intended to be capable to fulfill a number of roles ranging from {{wp|aerial warfare|combat}}, fleet {{wp|anti-aircraft warfare|air defense}}, {{wp|suppression of enemy air defenses}}, {{wp|interdiction|air interdiction}} and {{wp|aerial reconnaisance|reconnaisance}} missions. Its versatility is largely owed to its ability to carry a wide variety of ordnances and equipment, advanced avionics and various other characteristics of its design. Development of the first generation of Raidens began in 1987 and was focused largely on carrier-based fighter to fulfill the needs of the Tsurushiman Navy. To reduce cost and development time the Raiden incorporated some technologies and features from the Kai-79 and Kai-79ko fighters and in later Raiden variants, the Daoan {{wp|AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo|MV-25 Eagle}} fighter. Rather than developing new features from zero, the inclusion of existing technologies allowed the designers to create a reliable aircraft based on tested and battle proven technologies while at the same time adding on enhancements and improvements to it. Development of the first Kai-07 began in 1987 and its first flight test was conducted in XX <MONTH> 1992. There are currently two main variants of the Raiden, the first being designated the Kai-07A as a carrier-based fighter jet and was introduced into service in 2000. The Kai-07A also became the standard airframe and model from which all future Raidens are based on. The next major variant, the Kai-07C, is the {{wp|CTOL}} and improved version the Kai-07A designed for both the Daoan and Tsurushiman Air Forces introduced in 2015. In Daobac the Kai-07 is designated as the MV-26 Falcon, the successor of the MV-25 Eagle. | ||
== Development == | == Development == | ||
=== Initiation by Tsurushima === | === Initiation by Tsurushima === | ||
=== Daoan Participation === | === Daoan Participation === | ||
In 2003 the Daoan Air Force commissioned a study to determine the effectiveness of its squadron of MV-25 Eagle fighters. While the fighters performed well against its regional competitors, leadership elements within the Daoan Air force anticipated that unless a replacement or major improvement was initiated then the Daoan Air Force would find itself outmatched by other air forces in the region. As a result the Daoan Air Force initiated a procurement program to improve the capabilities of the MV-25 Eagles or, failing to do so, replace it with a superior fighter. Proposals to enchance the Eagle's capabilities were ultimately rejected as the substantial cost of developing new technologies and implementing the improvements would only prolong the Eagle's effectiveness for only four years which resulted in an overall net loss for any improvements. The Daoan Air Force then turned its attention to Tsurushima's fleet of Kai-07A Raidens. The multirole fighter was a perfect candidate and fit to many of the Daoan Air Force's requirements and it would reduce Daobac's need to research and develop new technologies and features. The Daoan Government approached its Tsurushiman counterparts to negotiate Daoan participation in their Raiden project. After two years of negotiations, in 2006 Daobac was officially permitted to participate in the Raiden program to develop new variants of the Raiden. The first major variant to be co-developed alongside was designated as the Kai-07C, a {{wp|CTOL}} and improved variant of the Kai-07A. Daobac offered both funds and its expertise in the field of aerospace engineering to the Tsurushimans as part of its participation in the program. In return Daobac was permitted to locally produce and export the Raiden to new customers as well. Daobac was also able to secure new aerospace and weapon technologies that it previously had difficulty to develop by itself. While there were many similarities in the requirements that the Daoan Air Force had for the Raiden, it greatly differed in one key feature: Daobac required only a {{wp|CTOL}} version whereas Tsurushima originally developed the Raiden as a carrier-borne fighter compatible with the CATOBAR technology onboard its aircraft carriers. As the CTOL variant was developed nearly half a decade after the program began in 1987, the Daoans and Tsurushimans were able to provide not just improvements but also innovative new technologies to the Raiden. These included a new suite of avionics and some modifications to the airframe to improve the Raiden's overall performance. [[Mach Aerospace]], a major Daoan aerospace and defense company, was appointed by the Daoan Government as the coordinating entity for the Raiden project and was | In 2003 the Daoan Air Force commissioned a study to determine the effectiveness of its squadron of MV-25 Eagle fighters. While the fighters performed well against its regional competitors, leadership elements within the Daoan Air force anticipated that unless a replacement or major improvement was initiated then the Daoan Air Force would find itself outmatched by other air forces in the region. As a result the Daoan Air Force initiated a procurement program to improve the capabilities of the MV-25 Eagles or, failing to do so, replace it with a superior fighter. Proposals to enchance the Eagle's capabilities were ultimately rejected as the substantial cost of developing new technologies and implementing the improvements would only prolong the Eagle's effectiveness for only four years which resulted in an overall net loss for any improvements. The Daoan Air Force then turned its attention to Tsurushima's fleet of Kai-07A Raidens. The multirole fighter was a perfect candidate and fit to many of the Daoan Air Force's requirements and it would reduce Daobac's need to research and develop new technologies and features. The Daoan Government approached its Tsurushiman counterparts to negotiate Daoan participation in their Raiden project. After two years of negotiations, in 2006 Daobac was officially permitted to participate in the Raiden program to develop new variants of the Raiden. The first major variant to be co-developed alongside was designated as the Kai-07C, a {{wp|CTOL}} and improved variant of the Kai-07A. Daobac offered both funds and its expertise in the field of aerospace engineering to the Tsurushimans as part of its participation in the program. In return Daobac was permitted to locally produce and export the Raiden to new customers as well. Daobac was also able to secure new aerospace and weapon technologies that it previously had difficulty to develop by itself. While there were many similarities in the requirements that the Daoan Air Force had for the Raiden, it greatly differed in one key feature: Daobac required only a {{wp|CTOL}} version whereas Tsurushima originally developed the Raiden as a carrier-borne fighter compatible with the CATOBAR technology onboard its aircraft carriers. As the CTOL variant was developed nearly half a decade after the program began in 1987, the Daoans and Tsurushimans were able to provide not just improvements but also innovative new technologies to the Raiden. These included a new suite of avionics and some modifications to the airframe to improve the Raiden's overall performance. [[Mach Aerospace]], a major Daoan aerospace and defense company, was appointed by the Daoan Government as the coordinating entity for the Raiden project and was assisted by various other Daoan companies such as [[Daobac Space Corporation]] and [[Tran Industries]] were either consulted for their expertise, or contracted to develop key components of the Kai-07C. A prototype of the Kai-07C successfully made its first flight in 2012 and was introduced into active service in 2015. | ||
=== | === Kai-07Shin+ === | ||
The Kai-07Shin+, or simply referred to as the Raiden+, is the name for a newer variant of the Raiden which includes significantly improved stealth capability in order to both supplement and compete with typical 5th-generation fighter forces at a fraction of the cost in operating resources. Due to the sensitive nature of the Raiden Shin+ variant, the examples currently in service in limited numbers with the Republic of Tsurushima Air Force and Republic of Tsurushima Navy are closely guarded and not yet exhibited in detail to the general public. One of its key features is expected to be the inclusion of an internal weapons bay which would greatly reduce its radar profile, and the utilization of more radar absorbent and low-observable materials in its airframe. It has been suggested that this new variant would be categorized as a "quasi-5th" or 4.75+ generation fighter. A step above the Raiden-C but just below that of a true 5th generation fighter. | |||
== Design == | == Design == | ||
=== Overview === | === Overview === | ||
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[[File:Saab Gripen NG cabina.png|250px|thumb|right|Cockpit of a Kai-07C equipped with a wide screen multi-function display.]] | [[File:Saab Gripen NG cabina.png|250px|thumb|right|Cockpit of a Kai-07C equipped with a wide screen multi-function display.]] | ||
=== Avionics & Sensors === | === Avionics & Sensors === | ||
The Raiden first entered service with a Tsurushiman designed all-weather {{wp|Pulse-Doppler radar}} system that was capable of identification & detection of targets up to 150km (93.2 miles) away and track both air and ground targets, and is equipped with a {{wp|Infrared search and track|infrared search and track}} (IRST) system. This was replaced in the Kai-70E with a Type V {{wp|Active electronically scanned array|AESA}} radar which offers increased a higher degree of resistance against radar jamming, low probability of intercept by an enemy radar warning receiver, increased reliability due to the AESA's systems that operate independently and in general more capabilities compared to the older doppler radars. Additionally it is equipped with a Mach-D IRST system, an improved version of the older IRST equipped on the Kai-70A. The Kai- | The Raiden first entered service with a Tsurushiman designed all-weather {{wp|Pulse-Doppler radar}} system that was capable of identification & detection of targets up to 150km (93.2 miles) away and track both air and ground targets, and is equipped with a {{wp|Infrared search and track|infrared search and track}} (IRST) system. This was replaced in the Kai-70E with a Type V {{wp|Active electronically scanned array|AESA}} radar which offers increased a higher degree of resistance against radar jamming, low probability of intercept by an enemy radar warning receiver, increased reliability due to the AESA's systems that operate independently and in general more capabilities compared to the older doppler radars. Additionally it is equipped with a Mach-D IRST system, an improved version of the older IRST equipped on the Kai-70A. The Kai-70C version the Raiden has been marketed as a "programmable" aircraft that is equipped with advanced {{wp|avionics}} and a comprehensive {{wp|High-level programming language|programing language}}. This permits software updates to be {{wp|continuous delivery (CD)|regularly patched}} to the Raiden's software which can increase its overall performance and introduce new or adjusted parameters allowing the Raiden continuously have updated parameters adjusted for new or changed roles or mission profiles. The cockpit of the Kai-70 is equipped with a cockpit display system designed to reduce a pilot's workload through a combination of smart information management software, and increase their situational awareness. The Raiden is also equipped with a {{wp|sensor fusion}} capability which allows the aircraft's onboard computers to process, analyze and provide information to the pilots about their aircraft, targets, objective and mission parameters. This information is fed to the pilots via their heads up displays which is comprised of three multi-function displays (MFDs), or via a {{wp|Helmet-mounted display#Helmet-Mounted Display System|helmet mounted display system}}. In the original Kai-70A the MFDs were separated but in the Kai-70E the three MFDs were merged into a single wide screen display for better user experience for the pilots. | ||
=== Engines === | === Engines === | ||
The Raiden is equipped with two Tsurushiman designed {{wp|afterburner|afterburning}} {{wp|turbofan}} engines that provides 40 kN of dry thrust and 65.1 kN with its afterburners. The Kai-07C variant is equipped with an improved version of the same engine providing | The Raiden is equipped with two Tsurushiman designed Mugen-I {{wp|afterburner|afterburning}} {{wp|turbofan}} engines that provides 40 kN of dry thrust and 65.1 kN with its afterburners. The Kai-07C variant is equipped with an improved version of the same engine, the Nagai-Kiyohana Mugen-II, providing 65 kN of dry thrust and 95 kN with the afterburners. The Raiden's engines are fed by variable {{wp|intake ramp|intake ramps}}, which were taken from the design of the [[Kai-99 Silent Hayabusa]], and mounted on both sides of the aircraft. | ||
=== Ordnance === | === Ordnance === | ||
The Raiden is capable to carry up to 7,000 kg (15,432 lbs) of variuous armament and equipment. It is equipped with a single 20mm {{wp|rotary cannon|6-barrel rotarry cannon}} though the Kai-07DEW electronic warfare sub-variant of the Raiden ommits this feature to accomodate the placement of various detection & jamming pod suited for its role. The aircraft is capable of operating both {{wp|air-to-air missile|air-to-air}} (AAM) and {{wp|air-to-ground missile|air-to-ground}} (AGM) missiles of various types. These include standard {{wp|infrared homing}} (heat seeking) missiles, {{wp|beyond-visual-range missile|beyond-visual range missiles}} (BVRAAM) and {{wp|anti-radiation missile|anti-radiation missiles}} (ARM). Having extensive experience in the field of {{wp|aerospace engineering|rocketry}}, Daobac contributed heavily to the development of new missile systems for the Raiden-C variant of the Kai-07. Daobac helped provide the new {{wp|PL-10 ASR|TA-119 Archer}} short-range {{wp|air-to-air missile|AAM}}, {{wp|PL-15|TA-203 Javelin}} {{wp|beyond-visual-range missile|BVRAAM}}, {{wp|KD-88|AS-15}} medium-range {{wp|air-to-surface missile|ASM}} and {{wp|YJ-91|MX-27}} {{wp|air-to-surface missile|air-to-surface}} {{wp|anti-radiation missile|ARM}}. This allows the Raiden to engage both air and surface targets as well as those that are beyond visual range. A variety of bombs is also available to be used by the Raiden including the {{wp|GBU-12 Paveway II|L-9 Breaker}} {{wp|precision-guided munitions|laser-guided bomb}}, {{wp|FT PGB|S-5 Penetrator}} {{wp|precision-guided munitions|satellite-guided bomb}} and {{wp|Mark 82 bomb|B200}} general purpose unguided bomb. Non-lethal equipment that it carries include targeting pods to assist with target designation, a reconnaissance pod for reconnaissance missions and an {{wp|Infrared countermeasure}} (IRCM) pod designed to protect the Raiden from {{wp|infrared homing}} missiles. The Kai-07DEW {{wp|electronic warfare}} sub-variant of the Raiden is equipped with an integrated electronic warfare suite which includes two types of pods: the SD-311 {{wp|Electronic Warfare|electronic warfare pod}} and SD-312 {{wp|Electronic countermeasure}} (ECM) pods. Equipped with an air-to-air refuelling probe and an onboard oxygen generation system, the Raiden-C is capable of performing long range missions without the need to land to resupply. | |||
== Variants == | == Variants == | ||
=== Existing === | === Existing === | ||
| Line 66: | Line 69: | ||
=== Current === | === Current === | ||
;{{flag|Daobac}} | ;{{flag|Daobac}} | ||
* The [[Daoan Congressional Republic Air Force|Daoan Air Force]] | * The [[Daoan Congressional Republic Air Force|Daoan Air Force]] possesses 40 units of the Raiden in its inventory, operating the Kai-07C, 07D and 07DEW variants of the fighters. The Raidens were first introduced in 2015 to supplement its squadrons of {{wp|AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo|MV-25 Eagle}} fighters that has been in service for more than 20 years since 1994. Daobac locally manufactures the C & D-variants as part of its agreement with Tsurushima to develop variants of the Raiden. | ||
;{{flag|Kajera}} | |||
* The [[Kajera|Kajeran Air Force]] operates a total of XX Raiden, mixed with combinations of the Kai-07C, Kai-07D and Kai-07DEW variants. The first Raidens arrived in 2021 with final deliveries expected to be completed by 2023. | |||
;{{flag|Ostrozava}} | |||
* In 2018 the [[Ostrozavan Protection Force|Ostrozavan Aerospace Force]] procured a single Kai-07C as a testbed and technology demonstrator. | |||
;{{flag|Tsurushima}} | ;{{flag|Tsurushima}} | ||
* | * Tsurushima operates XXX Raidens in its Air Force. It is the first operator of the Kai-07, using the Raiden-A variant onboard its aircraft carriers to maximize its airwing capacity and numbers. With the introduction of the Raiden-C the Republic of Tsurushima Air Force has also adopted the aircraft, meanwhile the Republic of Tsurushima Navy is at a crossroads to either upgrade its Kai-07A to Kai-07CN specification, or to phase the older Raiden-A and replace them with the Raiden-CN entirely. | ||
=== Potential === | === Potential === | ||
== Specifications (Kai-07C) == | == Specifications (Kai-07C) == | ||
=== General Characteristics === | === General Characteristics === | ||
[[File:Kai-07 Schematics.jpeg|350px|thumb|right|Kai-07C 3-view drawing]] | [[File:Kai-07 Schematics.jpeg|350px|thumb|right|Kai-07C 3-view drawing]] | ||
* '''Crew:''' 1 | * '''Crew:''' 1 (Kai-07C) / 2 (Kai-07D) | ||
* '''Length:''' 15 m (49.21 ft) | * '''Length:''' 15 m (49.21 ft) | ||
* '''Wingspan:''' 9 m (29.52 ft) | * '''Wingspan:''' 9 m (29.52 ft) | ||
| Line 80: | Line 89: | ||
* '''Empty weight:''' 7,950 kg (17,526 lbs) | * '''Empty weight:''' 7,950 kg (17,526 lbs) | ||
* '''Max takeoff weight:''' 16,600 kg (36,596 lbs) | * '''Max takeoff weight:''' 16,600 kg (36,596 lbs) | ||
* '''Fuel capacity:''' | * '''Fuel capacity:''' 4,250 L (1,110 Gallons) | ||
* '''Payload:''' | * '''Payload:''' 9,500 kg (20,943 lbs) | ||
* '''Powerplant:''' 2x | * '''Powerplant:''' 2x Nagai-Kiyohana Mugen-II {{wp|turbofan|afterburning turbofan}}, 62 kN thrust dry, 95 kN with afterburner. | ||
=== Performance === | === Performance === | ||
* '''Maximum speed:''' | * '''Maximum speed:''' | ||
** Mach 2 (2,100 km/h; 1, | ** Mach 2 (2,100 km/h; 1,309 mph; 1,100 kn) at 40,000 ft. | ||
** Mach 1.2 (1,470 km/h; 913 mph; 794 kn) at sea level | ** Mach 1.2 (1,470 km/h; 913 mph; 794 kn) at sea level | ||
* '''Combat range:''' | * '''Combat range:''' 1,800 km (1,118 mi, 972 nmi) | ||
* '''Ferry range:''' 3,300 km (2,050 mi, 1,782 nmi) | * '''Ferry range:''' 3,300 km (2,050 mi, 1,782 nmi) | ||
* '''Service ceiling:''' 16,500 m (54,134 ft) | * '''Service ceiling:''' 16,500 m (54,134 ft) | ||
* '''g limits:''' +9/-2 | * '''g limits:''' +9/-2 | ||
=== Armament === | === Armament === | ||
* '''Guns:''' | * '''Guns:''' 1 x 20 mm {{wp|rotary cannon|6-barrel rotary cannon}}, 350 rounds. | ||
* '''Hardpoints:''' 12 total, 2x wingtips, 6x under-wing, 4x under fuselage with provisions to carry combinations of: | |||
* '''Hardpoints:''' | |||
** '''Missiles:''' | ** '''Missiles:''' | ||
*** {{wp|PL-10 ASR|TA-119 Archer}} short-range {{wp|air-to-air missile}} | *** '''Daoan Verison''' | ||
*** {{wp|PL-15|TA- | **** {{wp|PL-10 (ASR)|TA-119 Archer}} short-range {{wp|air-to-air missile}} | ||
*** {{wp|KD-88|AS- | **** {{wp|PL-15|TA-120 Javelin}} {{wp|beyond-visual-range missile}} | ||
*** {{wp| | **** {{wp|YJ-91|MX-27 Axe}} {{wp|air-to-surface missile|air-to-surface}} {{wp|anti-radiation missile}} | ||
**** {{wp|YJ-7|AS-14 Dart}} short-range {{wp|Air-to-surface missile|air-to-ground missile}} | |||
**** {{wp|Harpoon (missile)|AS-15 Dagger}} medium-range {{wp|Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missile}} | |||
**** {{wp|KD-88|AS-20 Sabre}} long-range {{wp|Standoff missile|standoff land attack missile}} | |||
**** {{wp|YJ-12|AS-21 Rapier}} long-range supersonic {{wp|Anti-ship missile|anti-ship}} {{wp|Cruise missile|cruise missile}} | |||
*** '''Tsurushiman Version''' | |||
**** {{wp|AAM-5_(Japanese_missile)|98-shiki Hankyū (Shortbow)}} short-range {{wp|air-to-air missile}} | |||
**** {{wp|AAM-4|99-shiki Daikyū (Longbow)}} {{wp|beyond-visual-range missile}} | |||
**** TBD {{wp|air-to-surface missile|air-to-surface}} {{wp|anti-radiation missile}} | |||
**** TBD medium-range {{wp|Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missile}} | |||
**** TBD long-range {{wp|Standoff missile|standoff land attack missile}} | |||
** '''Bombs:''' | ** '''Bombs:''' | ||
*** {{wp|GBU-12 Paveway II|L-9 Breaker}} {{wp|precision-guided munitions|laser-guided bomb}} | *** {{wp|GBU-12 Paveway II|L-9 Breaker}} {{wp|precision-guided munitions|laser-guided bomb}} | ||
| Line 106: | Line 125: | ||
*** {{wp|Mark 82 bomb|B200}} unguided, general purpose bomb. | *** {{wp|Mark 82 bomb|B200}} unguided, general purpose bomb. | ||
** '''Others:''' | ** '''Others:''' | ||
*** Protector II {{wp| | *** Protector II {{wp|Infrared countermeasure}} pod | ||
*** Sense V tactical reconnaissance pod | *** Sense V tactical reconnaissance pod | ||
*** Eagle Eye VI targeting pod. | *** Eagle Eye VI targeting pod. | ||
*** SD-311 {{wp|Electronic Warfare | *** SD-311 {{wp|Electronic Warfare}} pod | ||
*** SD-312 {{wp|Electronic | *** SD-312 {{wp|Electronic countermeasure}} pod | ||
=== Avionics === | === Avionics === | ||
[[Category:Ajax]] | |||
[[Category:Daobac]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:55, 5 December 2024
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
| Kai-07 Raiden | |
|---|---|
| |
| A Kai-07C Raiden in flight | |
| Role | Carrier-based Multirole Fighter |
| National origin | |
| Manufacturer | Kiyohana Aerospace Industries Mach Aerospace |
| First flight | 1992 |
| Introduction | Kai-07A - 2000 Kai-07C - 2015 |
| Status | In production and in service |
| Primary user | Republic of Tsurushima Air Force Republic of Tsurushima Navy Daoan Air Force |
| Produced |  1999 – present 2012 – present
|
| Number built | TBD |
| Developed from | Kai-79 Hayabusa Kai-79ko Umiwashi MV-25 Eagle |
The Kai-07 Raiden (Tsurushiman: 雷電, Translates to: Lightning Bolt) is an all weather, twin-engine, carrier-capable, multirole combat aircraft designed and developed by Tsurushima. The program was initiated and led by the Tsurushiman government in 1987, until Daobac petitioned to join the program in 2006 to co-develop new variants of the Raiden. Since then Tsurushima held 75% of the program shares whereas Daobac held the remaining 25%. Tsurushima required a fighter that was lighter and smaller than the Kai-79 Hayabusa and Kai-79ko but also possess advanced characteristics that would make it as a competitive alternative to the heavier and more expensive Kai-79 and quicker to scramble. The original version of the Raiden, the Kai-07A was categorized as a 4.5 generation fighter however its most recent incarnation, the Kai-07C (Raiden-C) is considered as a 4.5+ generation due to the number of quality of life improvements and low-observable features implemented into it. The Raiden was intended to be capable to fulfill a number of roles ranging from combat, fleet air defense, suppression of enemy air defenses, air interdiction and reconnaisance missions. Its versatility is largely owed to its ability to carry a wide variety of ordnances and equipment, advanced avionics and various other characteristics of its design. Development of the first generation of Raidens began in 1987 and was focused largely on carrier-based fighter to fulfill the needs of the Tsurushiman Navy. To reduce cost and development time the Raiden incorporated some technologies and features from the Kai-79 and Kai-79ko fighters and in later Raiden variants, the Daoan MV-25 Eagle fighter. Rather than developing new features from zero, the inclusion of existing technologies allowed the designers to create a reliable aircraft based on tested and battle proven technologies while at the same time adding on enhancements and improvements to it. Development of the first Kai-07 began in 1987 and its first flight test was conducted in XX <MONTH> 1992. There are currently two main variants of the Raiden, the first being designated the Kai-07A as a carrier-based fighter jet and was introduced into service in 2000. The Kai-07A also became the standard airframe and model from which all future Raidens are based on. The next major variant, the Kai-07C, is the CTOL and improved version the Kai-07A designed for both the Daoan and Tsurushiman Air Forces introduced in 2015. In Daobac the Kai-07 is designated as the MV-26 Falcon, the successor of the MV-25 Eagle.
Development
Initiation by Tsurushima
Daoan Participation
In 2003 the Daoan Air Force commissioned a study to determine the effectiveness of its squadron of MV-25 Eagle fighters. While the fighters performed well against its regional competitors, leadership elements within the Daoan Air force anticipated that unless a replacement or major improvement was initiated then the Daoan Air Force would find itself outmatched by other air forces in the region. As a result the Daoan Air Force initiated a procurement program to improve the capabilities of the MV-25 Eagles or, failing to do so, replace it with a superior fighter. Proposals to enchance the Eagle's capabilities were ultimately rejected as the substantial cost of developing new technologies and implementing the improvements would only prolong the Eagle's effectiveness for only four years which resulted in an overall net loss for any improvements. The Daoan Air Force then turned its attention to Tsurushima's fleet of Kai-07A Raidens. The multirole fighter was a perfect candidate and fit to many of the Daoan Air Force's requirements and it would reduce Daobac's need to research and develop new technologies and features. The Daoan Government approached its Tsurushiman counterparts to negotiate Daoan participation in their Raiden project. After two years of negotiations, in 2006 Daobac was officially permitted to participate in the Raiden program to develop new variants of the Raiden. The first major variant to be co-developed alongside was designated as the Kai-07C, a CTOL and improved variant of the Kai-07A. Daobac offered both funds and its expertise in the field of aerospace engineering to the Tsurushimans as part of its participation in the program. In return Daobac was permitted to locally produce and export the Raiden to new customers as well. Daobac was also able to secure new aerospace and weapon technologies that it previously had difficulty to develop by itself. While there were many similarities in the requirements that the Daoan Air Force had for the Raiden, it greatly differed in one key feature: Daobac required only a CTOL version whereas Tsurushima originally developed the Raiden as a carrier-borne fighter compatible with the CATOBAR technology onboard its aircraft carriers. As the CTOL variant was developed nearly half a decade after the program began in 1987, the Daoans and Tsurushimans were able to provide not just improvements but also innovative new technologies to the Raiden. These included a new suite of avionics and some modifications to the airframe to improve the Raiden's overall performance. Mach Aerospace, a major Daoan aerospace and defense company, was appointed by the Daoan Government as the coordinating entity for the Raiden project and was assisted by various other Daoan companies such as Daobac Space Corporation and Tran Industries were either consulted for their expertise, or contracted to develop key components of the Kai-07C. A prototype of the Kai-07C successfully made its first flight in 2012 and was introduced into active service in 2015.
Kai-07Shin+
The Kai-07Shin+, or simply referred to as the Raiden+, is the name for a newer variant of the Raiden which includes significantly improved stealth capability in order to both supplement and compete with typical 5th-generation fighter forces at a fraction of the cost in operating resources. Due to the sensitive nature of the Raiden Shin+ variant, the examples currently in service in limited numbers with the Republic of Tsurushima Air Force and Republic of Tsurushima Navy are closely guarded and not yet exhibited in detail to the general public. One of its key features is expected to be the inclusion of an internal weapons bay which would greatly reduce its radar profile, and the utilization of more radar absorbent and low-observable materials in its airframe. It has been suggested that this new variant would be categorized as a "quasi-5th" or 4.75+ generation fighter. A step above the Raiden-C but just below that of a true 5th generation fighter.
Design
Overview
The Raiden is first and foremost a multirole fighter aircraft designed as a lightweight and agile weapons platform that can fulfill a variety of roles and mission profiles. It is categorized as a 4.5 generation fighter as its airframe was designed to be stealthier than other fourth-generation fighters but it does not feature internal weapon bays like a fifth-generation fighters. In the absence of vertical rear stabilizers the Raiden is equipped with two canards near the cockpit of the aircraft to improve lift and control of the aircraft at all speeds. Its delta wing design provides additional lift to compensate negative lift that is produced from the rear vertical stabilizer. The Raiden was designed to be intentionally unstable to improve its manoeuvrability and also utilizes a digital fly-by-wire flight control system to control and compensate for the inherint instability of the aircraft. The Raiden has an attack angle of 70-80 degrees. Tsurushima requires the Raiden to be operated from aircraft carriers, hence the Raiden was first designed as a carrier-borne that is compatible for use with the CATOBAR systems generally found on Tsurushima's aircraft carriers. Daobac required its Raidens to be able to perform short takeoffs and landings, hence the Kai-07C's mainframe was strengthened to withstand the stresses off short landings. The Raiden was intended to have a long service life as a part of its key element, as a result it was designed to low maintenance requirements which reduces its downtime compared to its more heavier counterparts. To reduce operating costs and increase reliability, some elements of the Raiden's core systems such as its avionics and engines are modular in nature.
Avionics & Sensors
The Raiden first entered service with a Tsurushiman designed all-weather Pulse-Doppler radar system that was capable of identification & detection of targets up to 150km (93.2 miles) away and track both air and ground targets, and is equipped with a infrared search and track (IRST) system. This was replaced in the Kai-70E with a Type V AESA radar which offers increased a higher degree of resistance against radar jamming, low probability of intercept by an enemy radar warning receiver, increased reliability due to the AESA's systems that operate independently and in general more capabilities compared to the older doppler radars. Additionally it is equipped with a Mach-D IRST system, an improved version of the older IRST equipped on the Kai-70A. The Kai-70C version the Raiden has been marketed as a "programmable" aircraft that is equipped with advanced avionics and a comprehensive programing language. This permits software updates to be regularly patched to the Raiden's software which can increase its overall performance and introduce new or adjusted parameters allowing the Raiden continuously have updated parameters adjusted for new or changed roles or mission profiles. The cockpit of the Kai-70 is equipped with a cockpit display system designed to reduce a pilot's workload through a combination of smart information management software, and increase their situational awareness. The Raiden is also equipped with a sensor fusion capability which allows the aircraft's onboard computers to process, analyze and provide information to the pilots about their aircraft, targets, objective and mission parameters. This information is fed to the pilots via their heads up displays which is comprised of three multi-function displays (MFDs), or via a helmet mounted display system. In the original Kai-70A the MFDs were separated but in the Kai-70E the three MFDs were merged into a single wide screen display for better user experience for the pilots.
Engines
The Raiden is equipped with two Tsurushiman designed Mugen-I afterburning turbofan engines that provides 40 kN of dry thrust and 65.1 kN with its afterburners. The Kai-07C variant is equipped with an improved version of the same engine, the Nagai-Kiyohana Mugen-II, providing 65 kN of dry thrust and 95 kN with the afterburners. The Raiden's engines are fed by variable intake ramps, which were taken from the design of the Kai-99 Silent Hayabusa, and mounted on both sides of the aircraft.
Ordnance
The Raiden is capable to carry up to 7,000 kg (15,432 lbs) of variuous armament and equipment. It is equipped with a single 20mm 6-barrel rotarry cannon though the Kai-07DEW electronic warfare sub-variant of the Raiden ommits this feature to accomodate the placement of various detection & jamming pod suited for its role. The aircraft is capable of operating both air-to-air (AAM) and air-to-ground (AGM) missiles of various types. These include standard infrared homing (heat seeking) missiles, beyond-visual range missiles (BVRAAM) and anti-radiation missiles (ARM). Having extensive experience in the field of rocketry, Daobac contributed heavily to the development of new missile systems for the Raiden-C variant of the Kai-07. Daobac helped provide the new TA-119 Archer short-range AAM, TA-203 Javelin BVRAAM, AS-15 medium-range ASM and MX-27 air-to-surface ARM. This allows the Raiden to engage both air and surface targets as well as those that are beyond visual range. A variety of bombs is also available to be used by the Raiden including the L-9 Breaker laser-guided bomb, S-5 Penetrator satellite-guided bomb and B200 general purpose unguided bomb. Non-lethal equipment that it carries include targeting pods to assist with target designation, a reconnaissance pod for reconnaissance missions and an Infrared countermeasure (IRCM) pod designed to protect the Raiden from infrared homing missiles. The Kai-07DEW electronic warfare sub-variant of the Raiden is equipped with an integrated electronic warfare suite which includes two types of pods: the SD-311 electronic warfare pod and SD-312 Electronic countermeasure (ECM) pods. Equipped with an air-to-air refuelling probe and an onboard oxygen generation system, the Raiden-C is capable of performing long range missions without the need to land to resupply.
Variants
Existing
- Kai-07A
- Original single seat naval version of the Raiden. Entered service into the Tsurushiman Navy in 2000
- Kai-07B
- Two seater version of the Raiden-A.
- Kai-07C
- Introduced in 2015, the Raiden-C is a significantly improved single-seat version of the Raiden with CTOL capability that was co-developed with Daobac and introduces various quality of life improvements. The C version includes significant upgrades in the aircraft's avionics and capabilities such as the inclusion of the advanced AESA radar, an improved IRST system and its "programmable" capability which allows engineers to install patches and update the Raiden's onboard systems.
- Kai-07CN
- Naval version of the Raiden-C.
- Kai-07D
- Two-seater version of the Raiden-C
- Kai-07DEW
- electronic warfare sub-variant of the Raiden-D. Equipped with detection & jammer pods
- Kai-07DN
- Naval version of the Raiden-D
- Kai-07DNE
- Naval version of the Raiden-DEW
Proposed
- Kai-07Shin+
- TBD
Operators
Current
- The Daoan Air Force possesses 40 units of the Raiden in its inventory, operating the Kai-07C, 07D and 07DEW variants of the fighters. The Raidens were first introduced in 2015 to supplement its squadrons of MV-25 Eagle fighters that has been in service for more than 20 years since 1994. Daobac locally manufactures the C & D-variants as part of its agreement with Tsurushima to develop variants of the Raiden.
- The Kajeran Air Force operates a total of XX Raiden, mixed with combinations of the Kai-07C, Kai-07D and Kai-07DEW variants. The first Raidens arrived in 2021 with final deliveries expected to be completed by 2023.
- In 2018 the Ostrozavan Aerospace Force procured a single Kai-07C as a testbed and technology demonstrator.
- Tsurushima operates XXX Raidens in its Air Force. It is the first operator of the Kai-07, using the Raiden-A variant onboard its aircraft carriers to maximize its airwing capacity and numbers. With the introduction of the Raiden-C the Republic of Tsurushima Air Force has also adopted the aircraft, meanwhile the Republic of Tsurushima Navy is at a crossroads to either upgrade its Kai-07A to Kai-07CN specification, or to phase the older Raiden-A and replace them with the Raiden-CN entirely.
Potential
Specifications (Kai-07C)
General Characteristics
- Crew: 1 (Kai-07C) / 2 (Kai-07D)
- Length: 15 m (49.21 ft)
- Wingspan: 9 m (29.52 ft)
- Height: 4.6 m (15.09 ft)
- Wing span: 8.8 m (28.87 ft)
- Empty weight: 7,950 kg (17,526 lbs)
- Max takeoff weight: 16,600 kg (36,596 lbs)
- Fuel capacity: 4,250 L (1,110 Gallons)
- Payload: 9,500 kg (20,943 lbs)
- Powerplant: 2x Nagai-Kiyohana Mugen-II afterburning turbofan, 62 kN thrust dry, 95 kN with afterburner.
Performance
- Maximum speed:
- Mach 2 (2,100 km/h; 1,309 mph; 1,100 kn) at 40,000 ft.
- Mach 1.2 (1,470 km/h; 913 mph; 794 kn) at sea level
- Combat range: 1,800 km (1,118 mi, 972 nmi)
- Ferry range: 3,300 km (2,050 mi, 1,782 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 16,500 m (54,134 ft)
- g limits: +9/-2
Armament
- Guns: 1 x 20 mm 6-barrel rotary cannon, 350 rounds.
- Hardpoints: 12 total, 2x wingtips, 6x under-wing, 4x under fuselage with provisions to carry combinations of:
- Missiles:
- Daoan Verison
- TA-119 Archer short-range air-to-air missile
- TA-120 Javelin beyond-visual-range missile
- MX-27 Axe air-to-surface anti-radiation missile
- AS-14 Dart short-range air-to-ground missile
- AS-15 Dagger medium-range anti-ship missile
- AS-20 Sabre long-range standoff land attack missile
- AS-21 Rapier long-range supersonic anti-ship cruise missile
- Tsurushiman Version
- 98-shiki Hankyū (Shortbow) short-range air-to-air missile
- 99-shiki Daikyū (Longbow) beyond-visual-range missile
- TBD air-to-surface anti-radiation missile
- TBD medium-range anti-ship missile
- TBD long-range standoff land attack missile
- Daoan Verison
- Bombs:
- L-9 Breaker laser-guided bomb
- S-5 Penetrator satellite-guided bomb
- B200 unguided, general purpose bomb.
- Others:
- Protector II Infrared countermeasure pod
- Sense V tactical reconnaissance pod
- Eagle Eye VI targeting pod.
- SD-311 Electronic Warfare pod
- SD-312 Electronic countermeasure pod
- Missiles: